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Chapter 5
- 1. Chapter 5 Public Policing and Private Security
- 2. History of Police Sir Robert Peel Early Police Agencies Professionalism Technology Texas State Patrol
- 3. The History of Police The London Metropolitan Police Sir Robert Peel’s legislation established the first organized police force in London Still plagued by corruption Unsuccessful at stopping crime Influenced by the wealthy
- 4. The History of Police Law Enforcement in Colonial America paralleled the British model Kept the peace and fought crime, also collected taxes and supervised elections In rural areas, “slave patrols” were an early form of law enforcement
- 5. The History of Police Early Police Agencies Boston, New York, Philadelphia Political Primitive Little training No education in the law Minimum supervision Unlimited discretion
- 6. The History of Police Twentieth-Century Reform Police administrative boards to reduce corruption State legislator takeover
- 7. The History of Police The Emergence of Professionalism The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Civil service police force Centralized organizational structure Specialized units August Vollmer Instituting university training for young officers.
- 8. The History of Police Technology The first technological breakthrough in policing came in the area of communication
- 9. The History of Police Texas formed the first statewide police agency in 1835
- 10. Modern Policing Rising Crime Rate LEAA Unions Rodney King
- 11. Modern Policing from the 1960s to the 1990s Policing in the 1960s U.S. Supreme Court Decisions designed to control police operations and procedures Growing tension between police and public Growing crime rate
- 12. Modern Policing from the 1960’s to the 1990’s Policing in the 1970s Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) devoted a significant portion of its funds to police agencies Much of which was used for advanced training of officers and research Women and minority recruits
- 13. Modern Policing from the 1960s to the 1990s Policing in the 1980s The police role was changing Police unions began to grow End of LEAA
- 14. Modern Policing from the 1960s to the 1990s Policing in the 1990s Rodney King prompted an era of reform Reforms Community policing Diversity in police departments
- 16. Video: Discussion Questions Does this video conform to what you thought the duties of a police officer involved? Why or why not? How do you think these duties will be different in 10 years? 20 years?
- 17. Policing Today USDOJ DHS State, County, Local
- 18. Policing and Law Enforcement Today The U.S. Department of Justice is the legal arm of the federal government Headed by the U.S. Attorney General Maintains several separate divisions that are responsible for enforcing federal laws and protecting U.S. citizens Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) U.S. Marshals
- 19. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Preventing terrorist attacks within the United States, reducing America’s vulnerability to terrorism, and minimizing the damage and aiding recovery from attacks that do occur Customs and Border Protection Immigration and Customs Enforcement U.S. Secret Service
- 20. Policing and Law Enforcement Today State Law Enforcement Agencies Legislatively created to deal with the growing incidence of crime in nonurban areas County Law Enforcement Agencies Some sheriff’s departments are exclusively law enforcement oriented; some carry out only court-related duties; some are involved solely in correctional and judicial matters, and not in law enforcement Local Law Enforcement Agencies make up the majority of the nation’s authorized law enforcement personnel.
- 21. Private Policing Private Security Video Private Policing Comparisons
- 23. Video: Discussion Questions How are private police different from public police? Do you suppor t the presence of private police in today’s criminal justice system? Why or why not?
- 24. Private Policing A multi-billion-dollar industry Well in excess of 10,000 firms More than 2 million employees Some private security firms have become billion-dollar companies
- 25. Private Policing Reasons for Private Policing Nongovernmental provision of important services, particularly crime control Growth of mass private property Belief that government police are not capable of providing the level of service and presence that the public desires
- 26. Private Policing Criticisms of Private Policing Motive Replace government Applicability of Fourth Amendment Private security guards are subject to Fourth Amendment requirements if they are performing services that are traditionally reserved for the police.
- 27. Private and Public Policing Compared Focus on loss instead of crime Preventive methods Private justice Private property
- 28. Types of Private Policing Protective policing Intelligence policing Publicly contracted policing Corporate policing
- 29. Technology Identifying Locating Investigating Mapping Fingerprinting Biometrics DNA Social Media
- 30. Technology and Law Enforcement Identifying Criminals Linking computer software Computerized imaging systems Data mining Locating Criminals Gun detectors CCTV Enclosed Space Detection Systems Thermal imagers
- 31. Technology and Law Enforcement Crime Scene Investigation High-definition surveying (HDS) Crime Mapping Hot spots Alternative mapping initiatives GPS
- 32. Violent Crime in Providence, Rhode Island
- 34. Video: Discussion Questions Discuss what fingerprint software does? Why is fingerprint software better than using paper fingerprints?
- 35. Technology and Law Enforcement Biometrics Fingerprint identification Voice Retina Facial features Handwriting Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) A computerized fingerprint system
- 36. Technology and Law Enforcement DNA Testing RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) PCR (polymerase chain reaction) FBI Forensic Science Research and Training Center Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)
- 37. Technology and Law Enforcement Social Media and Networking Facebook MySpace Twitter Lets Discuss Positives and Negatives Departments Use Officers Use
Editor's Notes
- Learning Objective One
- Learning Objective Two - Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850) was home secretary from 1822 to 1830 and prime minister of Great Britain twice in the 1830s and 1840s. He was also responsible for forming the Metropolitan Police, the first organized police force in London.
- Learning Objective Two
- Learning Objective Three - Great precaution is taken to guard police headquarters in Pemberton Square during the Boston police strike of 1919. Here, the cavalrymen of the state guard ride horses previously used by the mounted policemen who went on strike.
- Learning Objective Three
- Learning Objective Three
- Learning Objective Three
- Learning Objective Four - The 1960s were a time of social ferment. Here, Chicago policemen with nightsticks in hand confront a demonstrator on the ground in Grant Park, Chicago, on August 26, 1968. The police force converged at Grant Park when protesters opposing the Vietnam war climbed on the statue of Civil war general John Logan. Conflicts such as this between police and the public inspired the creation of university-based criminal justice programs.
- Learning Objective Four
- Learning Objective Four
- Learning Objective Four
- Learning Objectives Five, Six & Seven - FBI agents photograph the bedroom in the apartment of alleged gunman James Holmes, which displays a poster titled “Soldiers of Misfortune,” July 21, 2012, in Aurora, Colorado. Twelve people died and more than three dozen were shot during an assault at a movie theater midnight premiere of The Dark Knight Rises.
- Learning Objectives Five, Six & Seven - Law enforcement officials have discovered a number of cross-border drug tunnels running to California from Mexico. This particular tunnel linked warehouses in an industrial park south of San Diego and the Mexican border city of Tijuana, the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency said in a news release. Much of the discussion over border security focuses on a fence or a wall between the U.S. and Mexico. what, if anything, could be done to prevent tunneling of this nature?
- Learning Objectives Five, Six & Seven
- Learning Objective Eight
- Homeland insecurity. Firearms instructor Mark Herrin, top, helps private security officer Daril Rivera reload a machine gun during paramilitary training at a test site in Mercury, Nevada. Both are employed by a large security contractor to protect sensitive nuclear materials. Should private security officials be tasked with protecting America’s sensitive nuclear sites?
- Learning Objective Eight
- Learning Objective Eight
- Learning Objective Nine
- Learning Objective Nine
- Figure 5.1 Violent Crime in Providence, Rhode Island
- Learning Objective Nine
- Learning Objective Nine
- Learning Objective Nine