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Chapter 2 : Culture & Comm
Culture influences the meaning of symbols and communication is influenced by culture. Symbols don't have inherent meanings and can refer to different concepts across cultures. The meaning of communication comes from the people involved, not just the words themselves. Different cultures can use different symbols to refer to the same thing, and the same symbol can have different meanings in different cultures. Communication and understanding can break down due to these cultural differences in symbolic meaning.
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Chapter 2 : Culture & Comm
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- 2. SYMBOLS & CULTURE Symbolsdon’t cary the same meaning across cultures Culture influences the meaning of symbols
- 3. ? Communication is symbolic •Words have no inherent meaning • Symbol: arbitrary signals created by humans to represent experiences, objects, or concepts • Referent: the object or experience to which a symbol refers Communication is personal • Meaning is in the people, not in the words REASONS FOR AMBIGUITY
- 4. SIGNIFIERS & REFERENTS Thoughts/ Reference Symbol Referent C H A I R an open back wooden red chair with lattice scrollwork and velvet cushion Symbol Thoughts / Reference
- 5. Referent English GermanFrench Lux. Pencil Bleistift Crayon Blaisteft Shoes Schuhe Chaussures Schong Pear Birne Poire Bier Tree Baum Arbre Baam Same referent, diff. symbol
- 6. Love Consider the meaningof the following words: COMMUNICATION IS PERSONAL Meaning is in the people, not in the words Beauty Excellence
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- 8. GREEN Requires your brainto respond to conflicting information Takes longer because the mind automatically determines the semantic meaning of the word (it reads the word "green" and thinks of the color "green"), and then must override this first impression with the identification of the color of the word -- a process that is not automatized. 60 second brain game
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- 10. Which should benamed? Streets or Blocks? When should you pay your doctor?
- 11. JAPAN Naming the block orthe space in between blocks?
- 12. CULTURAL ICEBERG HARMONY Avoiding conflictis valued. There were apparently too many conflicts with place names and numbers were adopted. View of Language Numbers are considered more objective than language. Objectivity is better than subjectivity. HISTORY Value history of a space.
- 13. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN Greetingbehaviors
- 14. A near-mouth kissbetween former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbatchev and East German Leader Erich Honecker
- 15. A cheek kissbetween the Iraqi President and the U.S. ambassador to Iraq
- 16. An air kissbetween the Saudi King and President Bush
- 17. A facial touchbetween Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer
- 18. A hand kissbetween Jacques Chirac and Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice
- 19. Cultural Relativism: none issuperior - no need to adopt it though VIEWS ON CULTURE Ethnocentrism my culture’s form of greeting is superior =
- 20. Cultural Relativism: all culturesare different, none is superior VIEWS ON CULTURE Ethnocentrism: use of one’s own culture & its practices as the standard for interpreting the values, beliefs, norms of other cultures
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- 22. Set of human-madeobjective and subjective elements that in the past have increased the probability of survival and resulted in satisfaction for the participants in an ecological niche, and thus became shared among those who could communicate with each other because they had a common language and they lived in the same time and place. • Transmitted through communication, not genes • Learned and shared • Based on symbols • Dynamic
- 23. Communication is a systematicprocess in which people interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings.
- 24. ENCULTURATION VS. ACCULTURATION National GeographicTVReport How is culture passed on?
- 25. Acculturation, Integration, Lossof Cultural Identity?
- 26. Set of human-madeobjective and subjective elements that in the past have increased the probability of survival and resulted in satisfaction for the participants in an ecological niche, and thus became shared among those who could communicate with each other because they had a common language and they lived in the same time and place. • Transmitted through communication, not genes • Learned and shared • Based on symbols • Dynamic
- 27. Class is aboutwhat members of particular cultures have learned and how that “learning” might influence intercultural comm.
- 28. • Culture islearned through proverbs • Culture is learned through folktales, legends. myths • Culture is learned through art Your book provides numerous examples to illustrate each (pages 45-54). Find an example of your own and briefly explain it. So find an example illustrating how culture is learned through proverbs; an example of how it's learned through folktales/legends/myths, and one on how it's learned through art. Make sure each of your 3 examples is an example not listed in the book. WHAT DID CULTURE TEACH US ABOUTTHE FOLLOWINGTHINGS?
- 29. WHAT DID CULTURETEACH US ABOUTTHE FOLLOWINGTHINGS? role of silence importance of attractiveness view of aging proclivity for activity over meditation importance of foreign languages view of conflict