1. Culture plays an important role in how people communicate and behave. 2. When communicating across cultures, there can be misunderstandings due to differences in cultural norms, values, and ways of assigning meaning. 3. To communicate effectively across cultures, it is important to be aware of one's own cultural biases and mental representations, as well as cultural differences in communication styles like high versus low context.

1. Multicultural Communication Culture rank what is important Culture furnishes attitude Cultural dictates behavior

2. Diversity and communication Diversity is a reality Culture shock for immigrants Euphoria Frustration Adjustment Integration

3. A typical reaction to multiculturalism Assumption of superiority Ethnocentrism Assumption of universality

4. The importance of self-knowledge Know thyself; know thine enemies One hundred battles; one hundreds victories. Self-reference, self-importance Bias/ personal preference Prejudice (emotion irrational judgment) Discrimination … when bias is acted upon…

5. Mental representations (Prototype) vs. stereotyping (rigid) Prototypes are useful Asian use silent in negation Latino talks about their family in business meetings. Stereotypes are generalization of judgment Chinese give you a fish-eye look (emotionless and cold) Blacks are hot tempered, … the are fast with wards…

6. Communication and culture It is all about transferring meaning High context Emphasis on Physical environments and Internalized social context. Low context Emphasis on words

7. The Communication Process Sender/A Message Media Receiver/B Encoding/culture A Decoding/culture B Response Feedback Elements in the Communication Process Context external and internal

8. Perception and communication Assignment of meaning to words/nonverbal behavior based on one’s accumulated experience- one’s mental data bank. Developing of mental categories, schemata. Other cultural schemata/schema

9. Multicultural Communication Schemata Culture A Culture B B1 Just do it

11. Multicultural communication CultureB1 Culture A1 Culture B Culture A Perception Perception

12. Multiple Messages Culture A Culture B B1 B1 B1 HC culture Play with relationship between meaning