This document discusses cultural identity development and James Banks' six stages of ethnic identity development. The stages progress from ethnic psychological captivity, where one has a monocultural experience and suffers stereotypes, to stages of reinforcing cultural identity, biethnicity, multiculturalism, and ultimately developing global identities and competencies. The document suggests considering what stage of cultural identity development oneself and one's friends are at and whether this perspective would change how one views friends.

1. Cultural Identity development

2. Cultural identity is a dynamic and a
complex feeling and sens of belonging
to one or more ethnic groups. It defines
the way an individual identifies or
positions himself in different cultural
contexts.

3. Banks' stages of ethnic identity development are an
interesting framework for discussing and facilitating
cultural identity formation of students , he describes the
stages of cultural identity in his article "Teaching for Social
Justice, Diversity, and Citizenship in a Global World"
(2004) .
Reference: James A. Banks. Multicultural Education: Goals and Dimensions. http://education.
washington.edu/cme/view.htm

4. According to Bank there are six stages:
● Stage 1-Ethnic psychological captivity,
people in this stage have monocultural
experience, they suffer the stereotypes
associated with their groups.
● Stage 2-Ethnic encapsulation, people have a
defensive attitude towards their culture, the
majority culture is threatning.
● Stage 3-Ethnic identity clarification, people
start to reinforce their emerging cultural
identity.

5. Tell me, which Cultural identity
stage are in?
What about you friends?
Will you look at them the same
way, after reading this?

6. ● Stage 4-Biethnicity: to have a strong sens of their
ethnic identity , a clear understanding for your
own culture, and respect for others.
● Stage 5-Multi culturalism and Reflective
Nationalism: understanding and comprehension
for multiple groups
● Stage 6-Globalism and Global competency:
individual develop positive ethnic, national, and
global identities, they demonstrate the necessary
skills, attitudes, knowledge to be part of these
ethnics cultures.