Development induced displacement often forcibly relocates millions of people worldwide each year for large-scale projects like dams, airports, and infrastructure. This causes profound social and economic disruption as communities are broken up and livelihoods lost. A case study examines the Sardar Sarovar Dam project in India, which will displace over 100,000 people from 245 villages. Another case study looks at the Cochin International Airport in Kerala, which acquired over 1,200 acres of land and displaced 872 households, mainly from scheduled castes. The displaced communities suffered negative impacts like loss of land, livelihoods, and income, as well as food insecurity and homelessness.

1. DEVELOPMENT INDUCED
DISPLACEMENT
Case Study of a Dam and Airport

2. What is Development Induced Displacement ?
The forcing of communities and individuals out of their homes,
often also their homelands, for the purposes of economic
development.
2 Types of
DID
Direct
Due to installation
and commissioning
Indirect
Due to the affects of
installation and
functioning
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3. • Each year, millions of people around the globe are forcibly relocated and resettled
away fromtheir homes, lands and livelihoods in order to make way for large-scale
development projects. . It is a profound socioeconomic and cultural disruption for
those affected. Dislocation breaks up living
patterns and social continuity
Cont…
PRIMARY CAUSE FOR MIGRATION
DISPLACEMENT OF 250 MILLIONS PEOPLE WORLDWIDE
IT CAN BE PHYSICAL OR ECONOMIC OR BOTH
CAUSES-WATER SUPPLY,TRANSPORTATION AND ENERGY

4. Landlessness; homelessness; joblessness
Significant deterioration in incomes and livelihoods; food insecurity,
undernourishment and hunger;
serious declines in health, Increases in morbidity, stress and psychological
trauma
Most effected group-poorest among poor
IMPACTS

5. Impact of Development Induced
Displacement
• Michael Cernea, a sociologist, who has researched development-induced
displacement and resettlement for the World BanK
1. Landlessness
2. Joblessness
3. Homelessness
4. Marginalisation
5. Food Insecurity
6. Increased Morbidity and Mortality
7. Loss of Access to Common Property
8. Social Disintegration
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6. CausesofDID • Dams
• Reservoirs
• Irrigation
Water supply
• Airports
• services
Urban infrastructure
• Roads
• Highway
• Canals
Transportation
• Mining,
• Power Plants
• Oil exploration and extraction
• Pipelines
Energy
Agriculture expansion
Parks and forest reserves
• Natural Calamity
• War
• Famine
Population redistribution schemes
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7. submerge approximately 37,000 hectares of land for the reservoir, and approximately
80,000 hectares for the extensive canalworks. , and much needed hydroelectric power
drinking water to about 40 million people of gujarat
it will provide irrigation to avast area within Gujarat and 2 districts in Rajasthan,
It wil displace 100,000 people reside in 245 villages and 140,000 farmers directly and
other people indirectly
Case study :Sardar Sarovar Dam

8. • two-thirds of this number are adivasis-tribal people
1)There are the "oustees," i.e. those who are being outright evicted to make way
for the dam project.
2) people who are indirectly associated
ii)those who will potentially lose access to environmental resources as a result of
catchment area reforestation plans
iii)those who will lose access to environmental resources as a result of the canal
creating a physical barrier between themselves and those resources
Finally, there are those whose environment alters to the point of putting their
economic livelihoods, including: i) downstream fishery-dependent people
Cont…

9. • Economic livelihood
• Culture
• Health
Impacts :-

10. Development Induced Displacement in
Kerala
• 55% income and 40 % employment belongs to service sector in state.
• Highest HDI in India (increased from 0.685 in 1991 to 0.825 in 2015)
– Education index- 0.915
– Health index- 0.854
– Income index- 0.953
• Witnessing rapid development in:
– airports (4 international)
– seaports (1 major & 7 minor)
– metro rail and mono rail in Thiruvanthapuram, Kochi, Kozhikode
– roads ( 7 national highways)
– information technology infrastructure
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11. Case study of Cochin International
Airport Limited (CIAL)
It was the first airport in India to be built in the joint sector by Public –
Private Participation model.
The operation of CIAL has boost tourism, business, cargo services and
employability in the state.
People were displaced to Ernakulam district of Kerala.
•forced land acquisition
•dissatisfactory compensation and resettlement package by
government
•Lead to vulnerability and marginalization of project affected people
(PAP)
1254 acres of land acquired and 872 households were displaced mainly
belong to scheduled castes communities.
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12. Effects of DID due to CIAL
Effect on land
• Majority of the
respondents were
holding 202 to 607 m
sq of land.
• Majority (32%) of the
respondents have lost
their agricultural land
• CIAL has acquired
huge acres of paddy
field
• Loss in land
productivity
• Limited land for brick
kiln
Effect on people
•76 % people were offered
job in CIAL
•63% were not satisfied
from their job
•84% have food
consumptions only
•There is decrease in
income of people
•88% suffered temporary
homelessness
•Dependency in market
products increased
•Impact on social cohesion
and interaction
•Displaced community
were highly relied on
agriculture and allied
activities before
displacement. 1
Source: European Scientific Journal June 2015

13. References
• DEVELOPMENT AND DISPLACEMENT IN KERALA: AN EXPERIENCE OF COCHIN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
LIMITED (CIAL) by Aneesh T.V., Research Scholar and Dr. . R.R.Patil , Associate Professor (European
Scientific Journal June 2015 )
• Development Projects vs. Internally Displaced Populations in India: A Literature Based Appraisal by Nalin
Singh Negi and Sujata Ganguly (ESF-UniBi-ZiF research conference)
• "India Human Development Report 2011 (Towards Social Inclusion) - Summary" . IAMR, Planning
Commission, Government of India
• Development Induced Displacement. Internal Displacement Monitering Centre.
• Ray, P. (Vol. 2 No. 1 July 2000). Development Induced Displacement in India. SARWATCH , 8.
• Shilpi Jain, Y. D. (n.d.). Development Induced Displacement.
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