The document discusses the city planning of Chandigarh, India. It describes how Le Corbusier revised the initial plan by Albert Mayer, dividing the city into sectors of about 1200 by 800 meters. Each sector was designed as an autonomous neighborhood with housing, schools, shops, and recreational spaces. The capital complex was shifted to a higher ground and designed according to Le Corbusier's philosophies. While the planning approach was praised for creating a well-organized city, it was also criticized for being too standardized and not reflecting Indian culture and ways of life. The document analyzes the planning concepts and provides an overview of the development of Chandigarh.
GROUP HOUSING : A DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE ACCOMODATES THE GROUP RATHER THAN THE UNIT AND ITS THEREFORE PUBLIC AS WELL AS PRIVATE. IT IS FIMILIAR THROUGH THE WIDWSPREAD DEVELOPMENT OF MASS HOUSING IN THE WORLD IN WHICH INDIVIDUALS OR FAMILIES FIND LIVING SPACE EITHER IN M ULTIPLE DWELLINGS OR SINGLE LINITS PRODUCED IN QUALITY . GROUP HOUSING IS PRODUSED BY MANY KINDS OF CULTURES BY COMMUNAL STATES TO EQALIZE LIVING STANDDARDS BY TYRANTS TO ASSURE A DOCILE LABOUR FORCE, AND BY FEDUAL OR CASTE SYSTEM TO BRINGS TOGETHER MEMBERS OF A CLASS.
2. CLUSTER HOUSING
A SUBDIVISION TECHNIQUES WHERE KNOWN
AS ZERO –LOT –LINE HOUSING OR HIGH DENSITY
HOUSING DWELLING ARE GROUPED TOGHTHER
WITH COMMON AREA LEFT FOR RECREATION .
RAW HOUSING
ONE OF A SERIES OF HOUSES , OFTEN AS SIMILAR
OR IDENTICAL DESIGN, SITUATED SIDE BY SIDE
AND JOINED COMMON WALLS
3. PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA
2 MILLION NON-SLUM URBAN POOR HOUSEHOLD
ARE PROPOSED TO BE COVERDED UNDER THE MISSION.
RAJIV AWAS YOJANA
IT UNCOURAGE “SLUM FREE INDIA” IN CITIES
IN WHICH EVERY CITIZEN HAS ACEES TO BASIC AMENITIES.
PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMIN AWAS YOZANA
PROVIDING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO RURAL
POOR FOR CONSTRUCTING THEIR HOUSES THEMSELVES.
HOUSING FOR ALL BY 2022
MISSSION APPROVED A SUBSTANCIAL INCREAS IN INTEREST
RELIFE ON LOAN FOR THE URBAN POOR
TO PROMOTE AFFORDEBLE HOMES.
INTEREST SUBSIDY SCHEMES FOR HOUSING URBAN
THE SCHEMES ENVISAGES THE PROVISION OF
INTEREST TO EWS AND LIG SEGMENTS TO
ENABLES THEM TO BUY OR CONSTRUCT HOUSES.
4.Lower Income Group
Economic Weaker Section (EWS) means households with monthly household income upto Rs. 5000/- per month or as revised by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India from time to time. Lower Income Group (LIG) means households with monthly household income between Rs. 5001/- to Rs.
5.Development of Group Housing will be under provision
of master plan, Enclave development plan and layout plan.
Minimum area of plot will be 2000sq.m
Land proposed for group housing will be located at 12m
wide exiting road, But the distance of the plot from 18m
(or above) wide road will not be more than 100m.
Slilt floor will be permitted for the purpose of parking in
group housing buildings, height of which of which be
2.1m up to the beam.
if slilt floor is used for purpose other than parking then
it will be counted in F.A.R.
Park and open area will be provided at the rate of
1.0sq.m. per person or 15% of the whole area,
whichever is more, in the plot of area 3000sq.m (or above).
INTRODUCTION
COORDINATES - 23.22 ON 72.680 E ELEVATION - 265 feet (81 m)*
LOCATED 23 KM NORTH OF AHEMDABAD (FIN CAP. OF GUJARAT)
PLANNED IN 1960S BY, PRAKASH M APTE & H. K. MEWADA,
AFTER PARTITION OF BOMBAY * STATE : AHEMDABAD WAS MADE AS THE CAPTAL OFGUJARAT
AREA TOTAL 177KM2 ELEVATION : 8IM ( 266 FT)
POPULATION (2011)
TOTAL: 206,167 DENSITY : 1,200/KM2
CLIMATE*
TROPICAL WET AND DRY CLIMATE•
SUMMER MAXIMUM - 36 to 42 °C MINIMUM - 19 to 27 C
WINTER MAXIMUM - 29 C MINIMUM - 14°C
MONSOON: THE AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL IS AROUND 803.4 MM
LANGUAGES
GUJARATI, HINDI, AND ENGLISH• 54% GREEN COVER ON ITS LAND AREA
• THE CITY SITS ON THE BANKS OF THE SABARMATI RIVER, IN NORTH-CENTRALEAST GUJARAT
HISTORY
IN 1960, THE INDIAN STATE OF BOMBAY WAS SPLIT INTO TWO STATES, MAHARASHTRA AND GUJARAT LEAVING GUJARAT WITHOUT A CAPITAL CITY.
AT THE TIME AHMEDABAD WAS SELECTED TO BE THE FIRST CAPITAL OF THE NEWLY CREATED STATE.
• IT WAS LATER PROPOSED THAT A NEW CAPITAL CITY BE CONSTRUCTED FOR THE STATE.
• GANDHINAGAR GOT AN IDENTITY OF ITS OWN WHEN THE STATE OF MUMBAI WAS DIVIDED INTO TWO SEPARATE STATES OF GUJARAT AND MAHARASHTRA.
• IN THE BEGINNING, AHMEDABAD - A COMMERCIAL HUB OF GUJARAT WAS CHOSEN AS THE STATE CAPITAL AND IT WAS PROPOSED THAT A NEW CAPITAL SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED ALONG THE LINE OF OTHER NEW STATE CAPITALS, PARTICULARLY CHANDIGARH
• THEREFORE TWO WELL-KNOWN INDIAN ARCHITECTS, H.K. MEWADA AND PRAKASH M. APTE (WHO WORKED AS BEGINNER FOR THE CHANDIGARH CITY) DESIGNED THE NEW STATE CAPITAL*
NAMED AFTER MAHATMA GANDHI THE FOUNDATION STONE OF THIS CITY WAS LAID ON 1965 AND IN 1971 THE CAPITAL WAS SHIFTED FROM AHMEDABAD TO GANDHINAGAR
PLANNING
• PLANNED AND IMPLEMENTED BETWEEN 1965-1970
• DETERMINATION TO MAKE GANDHINAGAR A PURELY INDIAN ENTERPRISE, PARTLY BECAUSE GUJARAT WAS THE BIRTHPLACE OF GANDHI.
• TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN A SEPARATE IDENTITY FOR THE NEW CITY THE SURROUNDING AREA OF ABOUT 39 VILLAGES WAS BROUGHT UNDER A PERIPHERY CONTROL ACT (AS IN CHANDIGARH)
• THE AREA LATER CONSTITUTED A SEPARATE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT OF GANDHINAGAR.
• THE CITY WAS PLANNED FOR A POPULATION OF 150,000 BUT CAN ACCOMMODATE DOUBLE THAT POPULATION WITH INCREASE IN THE FLOOR SPACE RATIO FROM 1 TO 2 IN THE AREAS RESERVED FOR PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT.
• THE RIVER BEING THE BORDER ON THE EAST, AND THE INDUSTRIAL AREA TO THE NORTH, THE MOST LOGICAL FUTURE PHYSICAL EXPANSION OF THE CITY WAS ENVISAGED TOWARDS THE NORTH-WEST
This presentation covers the Urban Planning stages of Bhubaneswar, one of India's first modern cities along with Jamshedpur and Chandigarh. This city, the current capital of the coastal state of Odisha, was planned the German architect and urban planner, Otto Konigsberger, who also happens to be the author of 'Manual of Tropical Housing and Building.'
study of famous housing projects by architect Charles Correa.
1. BELAPUR Housing
2. Kanchanjunga Apartments
3. Tarapur housing
Authors- Richa, Parveen n Aarti
GROUP HOUSING : A DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE ACCOMODATES THE GROUP RATHER THAN THE UNIT AND ITS THEREFORE PUBLIC AS WELL AS PRIVATE. IT IS FIMILIAR THROUGH THE WIDWSPREAD DEVELOPMENT OF MASS HOUSING IN THE WORLD IN WHICH INDIVIDUALS OR FAMILIES FIND LIVING SPACE EITHER IN M ULTIPLE DWELLINGS OR SINGLE LINITS PRODUCED IN QUALITY . GROUP HOUSING IS PRODUSED BY MANY KINDS OF CULTURES BY COMMUNAL STATES TO EQALIZE LIVING STANDDARDS BY TYRANTS TO ASSURE A DOCILE LABOUR FORCE, AND BY FEDUAL OR CASTE SYSTEM TO BRINGS TOGETHER MEMBERS OF A CLASS.
2. CLUSTER HOUSING
A SUBDIVISION TECHNIQUES WHERE KNOWN
AS ZERO –LOT –LINE HOUSING OR HIGH DENSITY
HOUSING DWELLING ARE GROUPED TOGHTHER
WITH COMMON AREA LEFT FOR RECREATION .
RAW HOUSING
ONE OF A SERIES OF HOUSES , OFTEN AS SIMILAR
OR IDENTICAL DESIGN, SITUATED SIDE BY SIDE
AND JOINED COMMON WALLS
3. PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA
2 MILLION NON-SLUM URBAN POOR HOUSEHOLD
ARE PROPOSED TO BE COVERDED UNDER THE MISSION.
RAJIV AWAS YOJANA
IT UNCOURAGE “SLUM FREE INDIA” IN CITIES
IN WHICH EVERY CITIZEN HAS ACEES TO BASIC AMENITIES.
PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMIN AWAS YOZANA
PROVIDING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO RURAL
POOR FOR CONSTRUCTING THEIR HOUSES THEMSELVES.
HOUSING FOR ALL BY 2022
MISSSION APPROVED A SUBSTANCIAL INCREAS IN INTEREST
RELIFE ON LOAN FOR THE URBAN POOR
TO PROMOTE AFFORDEBLE HOMES.
INTEREST SUBSIDY SCHEMES FOR HOUSING URBAN
THE SCHEMES ENVISAGES THE PROVISION OF
INTEREST TO EWS AND LIG SEGMENTS TO
ENABLES THEM TO BUY OR CONSTRUCT HOUSES.
4.Lower Income Group
Economic Weaker Section (EWS) means households with monthly household income upto Rs. 5000/- per month or as revised by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India from time to time. Lower Income Group (LIG) means households with monthly household income between Rs. 5001/- to Rs.
5.Development of Group Housing will be under provision
of master plan, Enclave development plan and layout plan.
Minimum area of plot will be 2000sq.m
Land proposed for group housing will be located at 12m
wide exiting road, But the distance of the plot from 18m
(or above) wide road will not be more than 100m.
Slilt floor will be permitted for the purpose of parking in
group housing buildings, height of which of which be
2.1m up to the beam.
if slilt floor is used for purpose other than parking then
it will be counted in F.A.R.
Park and open area will be provided at the rate of
1.0sq.m. per person or 15% of the whole area,
whichever is more, in the plot of area 3000sq.m (or above).
INTRODUCTION
COORDINATES - 23.22 ON 72.680 E ELEVATION - 265 feet (81 m)*
LOCATED 23 KM NORTH OF AHEMDABAD (FIN CAP. OF GUJARAT)
PLANNED IN 1960S BY, PRAKASH M APTE & H. K. MEWADA,
AFTER PARTITION OF BOMBAY * STATE : AHEMDABAD WAS MADE AS THE CAPTAL OFGUJARAT
AREA TOTAL 177KM2 ELEVATION : 8IM ( 266 FT)
POPULATION (2011)
TOTAL: 206,167 DENSITY : 1,200/KM2
CLIMATE*
TROPICAL WET AND DRY CLIMATE•
SUMMER MAXIMUM - 36 to 42 °C MINIMUM - 19 to 27 C
WINTER MAXIMUM - 29 C MINIMUM - 14°C
MONSOON: THE AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL IS AROUND 803.4 MM
LANGUAGES
GUJARATI, HINDI, AND ENGLISH• 54% GREEN COVER ON ITS LAND AREA
• THE CITY SITS ON THE BANKS OF THE SABARMATI RIVER, IN NORTH-CENTRALEAST GUJARAT
HISTORY
IN 1960, THE INDIAN STATE OF BOMBAY WAS SPLIT INTO TWO STATES, MAHARASHTRA AND GUJARAT LEAVING GUJARAT WITHOUT A CAPITAL CITY.
AT THE TIME AHMEDABAD WAS SELECTED TO BE THE FIRST CAPITAL OF THE NEWLY CREATED STATE.
• IT WAS LATER PROPOSED THAT A NEW CAPITAL CITY BE CONSTRUCTED FOR THE STATE.
• GANDHINAGAR GOT AN IDENTITY OF ITS OWN WHEN THE STATE OF MUMBAI WAS DIVIDED INTO TWO SEPARATE STATES OF GUJARAT AND MAHARASHTRA.
• IN THE BEGINNING, AHMEDABAD - A COMMERCIAL HUB OF GUJARAT WAS CHOSEN AS THE STATE CAPITAL AND IT WAS PROPOSED THAT A NEW CAPITAL SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED ALONG THE LINE OF OTHER NEW STATE CAPITALS, PARTICULARLY CHANDIGARH
• THEREFORE TWO WELL-KNOWN INDIAN ARCHITECTS, H.K. MEWADA AND PRAKASH M. APTE (WHO WORKED AS BEGINNER FOR THE CHANDIGARH CITY) DESIGNED THE NEW STATE CAPITAL*
NAMED AFTER MAHATMA GANDHI THE FOUNDATION STONE OF THIS CITY WAS LAID ON 1965 AND IN 1971 THE CAPITAL WAS SHIFTED FROM AHMEDABAD TO GANDHINAGAR
PLANNING
• PLANNED AND IMPLEMENTED BETWEEN 1965-1970
• DETERMINATION TO MAKE GANDHINAGAR A PURELY INDIAN ENTERPRISE, PARTLY BECAUSE GUJARAT WAS THE BIRTHPLACE OF GANDHI.
• TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN A SEPARATE IDENTITY FOR THE NEW CITY THE SURROUNDING AREA OF ABOUT 39 VILLAGES WAS BROUGHT UNDER A PERIPHERY CONTROL ACT (AS IN CHANDIGARH)
• THE AREA LATER CONSTITUTED A SEPARATE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT OF GANDHINAGAR.
• THE CITY WAS PLANNED FOR A POPULATION OF 150,000 BUT CAN ACCOMMODATE DOUBLE THAT POPULATION WITH INCREASE IN THE FLOOR SPACE RATIO FROM 1 TO 2 IN THE AREAS RESERVED FOR PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT.
• THE RIVER BEING THE BORDER ON THE EAST, AND THE INDUSTRIAL AREA TO THE NORTH, THE MOST LOGICAL FUTURE PHYSICAL EXPANSION OF THE CITY WAS ENVISAGED TOWARDS THE NORTH-WEST
This presentation covers the Urban Planning stages of Bhubaneswar, one of India's first modern cities along with Jamshedpur and Chandigarh. This city, the current capital of the coastal state of Odisha, was planned the German architect and urban planner, Otto Konigsberger, who also happens to be the author of 'Manual of Tropical Housing and Building.'
study of famous housing projects by architect Charles Correa.
1. BELAPUR Housing
2. Kanchanjunga Apartments
3. Tarapur housing
Authors- Richa, Parveen n Aarti
Cahndigarh City & Housing
Chandigarh is one of the most significant urban planning experiments of the 20th century. It is the only one of the numerous urban planning schemes of Le Corbusier to have actually been executed. It is also the site of some of his greatest architectural creations. The city has had a far-reaching impact, ushering in a modern idiom of architecture and city planning all over India. It has become a symbol of planned urbanism. It is as famous for its landscaping as for its architectural ambience. Most of the buildings are in pure, cubical form, geometrically subdivided with emphasis on proportion, scale and detail. It was one of the early planned cities in post-independent India and is internationally known for its architecture and urban design. The master plan of the city was prepared by Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier, which transformed from earlier plans created by the Polish architect Maciej Nowicki and the American planner Albert Mayer. Most of the government buildings and housing in the city, were designed by the Chandigarh Capital Project Team headed by Le Corbusier, Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry
Hi, I am Vishal Khangar a M.tech town and country planning student. I created this presentation for assignment purpose. In this presentation how towns are developed is shown. And this ppt is helpful for town planning students.
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - - making public spaces [Autosaved] - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Chandigrah is known as a city of crisis. It was conceptulised, planned, designed, constructed in crisis.Even after 72 years of its launch, It continues to be in crisis. It faces crisis of population, development, prosperity, poverty, haphazard and unplanned development. It presents a crisis of travel and traffic. Despite all challenges, cities remains a role model of development, planning of town and cities. It has many messages for professionals. City remains a working lab for the professional architects, planners, engineers and urban managers. City needs to studies, evaluated and analysed as to how one can plan and design a neat , clean and sustainable city. Despite the fact Chandigarh remains a designed city, it holds all the values and principles of planned development. Chandigarh needs to be valued in terms of its role and importance in urban planning, architecture and development. Credit for all this goes to the first team of professionals led by American Architet Albert Mayer; Second team led by Le-Corbusier,P Jenneret; Maxwell Fry; Jane B Drew; Chief Engineer P L Verma; Project Chief Sh P N Thapar ICS; Planner Sh N S Lmba, Young Indian team of young architects including; Architects Prabhawalkar; Aditya Prakash; Jeet Malhotra; Bhanu Mathur.
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
The writeup on Chandigarh is the preface written for the book; Chandigarh-- A City of Two Plans’. Any professional looking for the book may please mail the a dress for sharing the book.
Chandigarh remains most misunderstood and manipulated city, facing numerous challenges and crisis. Known to be city of crisis. Chandigarh was conceived in crisis, born in crisis, grown in crisis and continues in crisis of population, poverty, politics and pollution. Despite all these crises, Chandigarh remains a role model in the domain of urban planning, architecture, urban design, landscaping and urban management. Assuring minimum quality of life even to the poorest of poor and offering basic amenities of life, Chandigarh remains the only city in the country, providing minimum two room accommodation, piped water supply, water borne sewerage, and sanitation system, metaled roads, assured electric supply etc. to all the residents of the city. Known for experimentation and commitment of the professionals including, architects, town planners and engineers, who worked tirelessly, has made Chandigarh, one of the finest planned and developed cities, locally and globally, in the post -independent period. Despite limitations and constrains imposed by the non-availability of adequate financial resources, state of art construction technologies, construction machinery etc, Chandigarh showcased how profession of architecture, town planning and engineering can be effectively leveraged to create one of the finest examples of human settlement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. City Planning
Of Chandigarh
A Discussion
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
Presented By
Sandeep Verma
16AR60R18
2. Aim
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
To study the city planning of Chandigarh.
Objective
• To understand historic background and planning concept of
Chandigarh.
• To analyse the pros and cons of planning Chandigarh.
• To understand the planning approach for a new city
planning.
Scope
• Study deals with planning took place in initial phase.
• Study is not a detailed investigation of any specific aspect.
• Study is rather qualitative in approach with study of criticism
of various researchers.
• Study focusing on sector planning and capital complex.
Limitations
• Study doesn’t relate to other works of Le Corbusier.
• Study doesn’t deal with the present urban issues of
Chandigarh.
• Study does not deal with the city evolution over the time or
the challenges encountering.
3. Overview
• Historical Background
• Mayer’s Plan
• Corbusier’s intervention and revised
plan
• Discussion on Sector
• Conception of plan as Human body
• Road Network Planning
• Capitol complex Discussion
• Critical Review
• Conclusion
4. Background
Source:
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
1947
Malik, B. (2004). City Planning and Realities: A Case Study of Chandigarh.
International Conference on "City Futures". Chicago : University of Illinois.
India’s Partition
6. “Let this be a new town, symbolic of freedom of India unfettered
by the traditions of the past. An expression of the nations faith in the
future”
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
7. About Site
Source:
• Mountainous region
• Central location
• Natural drainage
• Sufficient water supply
• Foothills of Shivalik
• Moderate climate
• sub mountainous area of the Ambala district
• 150 miles north of New Delhi
• Flatter Area
• gentle sloping plain of agriculture land dotted with grooves of mango trees
• consisting of 59 villages
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
Fry, E. M., & B, J. D. (1955, April 1). Chandigarh and planning
development in India. Royal Society of Arts, 103(4948), 315-333.
8. New Capital City and Administration Centre
accommodating half a million people and expandable to
1 million.
9. Mayer’s Plan
Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicky
• Located between two boundary rivers
• fan shaped plan
• Govt. Centre – Northeast Side of the City
• Super Block - Accommodating some 1500
families.
• 3 Superblocks to make a district
• Industrial area planned in southern corner
• Administration area in north-east
• 2 Large parkland zones across city
• Future expansion in the southwest across the
plan
1500 feet
3000 Feet
Sukhna
River
Patiala Rao
Administration
Complex
SUPERBLOCK
Neighbourhood Unit Concept
Criticism – Lacks Monumental Symbolism
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
Mayer’s Plan for Chandigarh
Source:
11. Le Corbusier’s Intervention
Formulation of new plan
• Kept orientation of grids as it was
• One dominant off centred doglegged axis
• The grid of superblock increased in size to
1200 x 800mts (3900 x 2700 feet)
• Accommodating up to 25000 inhabitants
• Within superblock centralized market was
replaced by continuous bazar street across
the block.
• Capital Complex and high court combined
in one govt. complex
• CBD Area Remained the same
• Shifted Capital complex to higher ground
• Two linear parks were replaced by total of 6
later by 8.
• Each Sector with its own green space around
which houses are designed
• V7 Road Concept
Leisure Valley
Capitol Complex
V1
Industrial
Areas
Sukhna
River
Patiala
Rao River
800m
1200m
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
Source: Joshi, K. (1999). Documenting Chandigarh: The Indian Architecture of Pierre
Jeanneret, Edwin Maxwell Fry, and Jane Beverly Drew, Vol. 1. Maping Publishing.
12. Sectors
V3
V4
Shops
School
Health
Centre
Arrom
hotel
School
V5
• Total 30 sectors - 24 residential
• 70% building private
• Autonomous unit including
housing, school, shops,
recreational spaces.
• 3000-25000 accommodating
capacity
• Surrounded by high speed
roads
• Bus stops every 400mts
• No pedestrian needs to walk
more than 10 minutes
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
Joshi, K. (1999). Documenting Chandigarh: The
Indian Architecture of Pierre Jeanneret, Edwin
Maxwell Fry, and Jane Beverly Drew, Vol. 1. Maping
Publishing.
Source: Joshi, K. (1999). Documenting Chandigarh: The Indian Architecture of Pierre Jeanneret,
Edwin Maxwell Fry, and Jane Beverly Drew, Vol. 1. Maping Publishing.
Sector Plan
13. Criticism
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
• Self contained sectors – All essential services within walking
distance.
• Sectors provide safe space for children.
• Safe, Yet boring
• Confusing Streets.
• Discouraging Place to go for walk.
• Un-Indian and yet inspiration of architects.
Lack in Characteristics
• Street Culture.
• Excitement of Indian cities.
• Noise of Lahore.
• Intimacy of Delhi.
A STAY-HOME CITY
Source- Kalia, R. (1985). Chandigarh: A Planned City. Habitat International,
9, 135-150.
Sector Plan
Source: Joshi, K. (1999). Documenting Chandigarh: The Indian Architecture of Pierre
Jeanneret, Edwin Maxwell Fry, and Jane Beverly Drew, Vol. 1. Maping Publishing.
14. City totally European
Designed without regard of fierce north Indian climate or
Indian ways of life.
City segregated by income, and civil ranks
Inappropriate decision of hiring western designers to plan
cities for non western culture
Sector 17 - not valued much as would have valued in
Europe
Decorative
Peter Hall
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
Source - Turner, T. (Director). (2015). Chandigarh 1 (of 4): Le Corbusier’s urban
design and planning [Motion Picture].
15. Philosophy
Brain - Capitol Complex
Heart – City centre (Sector 17)
Lungs – Leisure valley
Intellect – Educational Areas
Veins - Circulation System V7
Viscera – Industrial area
N
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
18. V2 MAJOR BOULEVARDS
V3 SECTOR DEFINERS
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
City A City A
19. V4 SHOPPING STREETS
V5 CIRCULATION ROAD
WITHIN SECTORS
N
V6 PROVIDING ACCESS TO THE
HOUSES
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
V5
23. Source - Turner, T. (Director). (2015). Chandigarh 1 (of 4): Le Corbusier’s urban
design and planning [Motion Picture].
Plan of Chandigarh
24. Source - Turner, T. (Director). (2015). Chandigarh 1 (of 4): Le Corbusier’s urban
design and planning [Motion Picture].
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
Shows Corbusier's interest in
symbols.
Capital landscape as a sacred
place with layers of cosmic
significance
Complex as head of
vastupurush.
linked the site as microcosm
with the cosmos.
25. Source - Turner, T. (Director). (2015). Chandigarh 1 (of 4): Le Corbusier’s urban
design and planning [Motion Picture].
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
26. Tower of Shadows
High court Building
Assembly Building Secretariat Building Pedestrian Plaza
Source - Turner, T. (Director). (2015). Chandigarh 1 (of 4): Le Corbusier’s urban
design and planning [Motion Picture].
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
27. Source - Turner, T. (Director). (2015). Chandigarh 1 (of 4): Le Corbusier’s urban
design and planning [Motion Picture].
High Court Building
28. Source - Turner, T. (Director). (2015). Chandigarh 1 (of 4): Le Corbusier’s urban
design and planning [Motion Picture].
Assembly Building with giant plaza
29. A great pedestrian plaza which embodies spirit of exultation, power and permanence, experienced by Indians
on acquiring self governance.
• Neglected space and Empty
• Area treated as high security zone and
controlled by military
• Emptier than intended
• Museum of knowledge ( Governors palace)
never built
• Huge Expense
Corbusier to be blamed?
Source - Turner, T. (Director). (2015). Chandigarh 1 (of 4): Le Corbusier’s urban
design and planning [Motion Picture].
Department of Architecture and
Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur
30. Martus Memorial
Source - Turner, T. (Director). (2015). Chandigarh 1 (of 4): Le Corbusier’s urban design and planning [Motion Picture].
31. Swastika Symbol
Source - Turner, T. (Director). (2015). Chandigarh 1 (of 4): Le Corbusier’s urban design and planning [Motion Picture].
32. Source - Turner, T. (Director). (2015). Chandigarh 1 (of 4): Le Corbusier’s urban design and planning [Motion Picture].
Open Hand
33. Trench of Consideration
Source - Turner, T. (Director). (2015). Chandigarh 1 (of 4): Le Corbusier’s urban design and planning [Motion Picture].
35. Ideal Cities
Amarna by Akhenaten
Fatehpur Sikri, Akbar
Brazilia by Oscar Niemeyer and Lucio costa
Broadacre city, FLW
Radiant city, Le corbusier
Chandigarh
Wealthiest town of India.
No 1 in terms of Human Development Index.
3rd highest GDP growth rate 9.64%.
Cleanest and Greenest City in India.
Good Governance- A compact, efficient Administration having
Quick Decision making system
(Over a million population )
36. Conclusions
1. Technology should be part of planning process, shouldn’t be the basis of it.
2. City as settlement of community can not be standardize as the multiple of
“generic” like sectors.
3. New city planning should establish the relationship of site with people and
their roots who put soul to the city otherwise it’s a dead city.
4. People must be given expression in terms of planning and designing where
they live in or where they work.
5. Urban character can only come out of collective will of people
6. Icon status is not achieved by city due to designers vocabulary it is achieved
by the adaptiveness of people.
37. 1.Shaw, A. (2009). Town Planning in Post Colonial India, 1947-1965: Chandigarh Re-Examined . Urban Geography
, 857-876.
2.Fry, E. M., & B, J. D. (1955, April 1). Chandigarh and planning development in India. Royal Society of Arts,
103(4948), 315-333.
3.Malik, B. (2004). City Planning and Realities: A Case Study of Chandigarh. International Conference on "City
Futures". Chicago : University of Illinois.
4. Fitting, P. (2002). Urban Planning/Utopian Dreaming Le Corbusier's Chandigarh Today. Utopian Studies, 69-93.
5.Gethin, C. (1973). Chandigarh: A memorial to arrogance. Built Environment, 291-294.
6.Kalia, R. (1985). Chandigarh: A Planned City. Habitat International, 9, 135-150.
7.Morris, A. E. (1975). Chandigarh: The plan Corb tore up? Built Environment Quarterly December , 229-234.
8.Turner, T. (Director). (2015). Chandigarh 1 (of 4): Le Corbusier’s urban design and planning [Motion Picture].
9. D'Souza, V. S. (1976, Sept 18). People Prevail over Plan. Economic and Political Weekly Vol 11 No.11(38), 1626-
1528.
10. Joshi, K. (1999). Documenting Chandigarh: The Indian Architecture of Pierre Jeanneret, Edwin Maxwell Fry,
and Jane Beverly Drew, Vol. 1. Maping Publishing.
References
38. Thank You
Source - Turner, T. (Director). (2015). Chandigarh 1 (of 4): Le Corbusier’s urban
design and planning [Motion Picture].