The document discusses types of urban design as presented by Nguyen Dang Phuong Linh at Hanoi Architectural University in 2014. It focuses on Le Corbusier's master plan for Chandigarh, India, which was conceived as a "Garden City" with 30% of land allocated to parks. The plan included overall urban design with sectors and superblocks, all-of-a-piece design to capture unity and variety, infrastructure like roads designed for pedestrians and cyclists, and urban guidelines to accommodate future growth in a human-scaled way.
Kevyn introduced a concept of planning that was the base for understanding and visualising The Planning Aspects; important for the budding planners.
The presentation initiates the same understanding and invokes a means for better understanding of 'Planning'.
Kevyn introduced a concept of planning that was the base for understanding and visualising The Planning Aspects; important for the budding planners.
The presentation initiates the same understanding and invokes a means for better understanding of 'Planning'.
It is an assignment on urban design basic factors, whereas a designer should keep in mind in urban designing.
Here I tried to describe factors by pointing as anyone could find a basic concept o urban design. Hope it'll be helpful.
This presentation is about urban squares in cities and towns. They acts as gathering and interaction spaces for public. They are also called as civic center, city square, urban square, market square, public square, piazza, plaza.
It is an assignment on urban design basic factors, whereas a designer should keep in mind in urban designing.
Here I tried to describe factors by pointing as anyone could find a basic concept o urban design. Hope it'll be helpful.
This presentation is about urban squares in cities and towns. They acts as gathering and interaction spaces for public. They are also called as civic center, city square, urban square, market square, public square, piazza, plaza.
Cahndigarh City & Housing
Chandigarh is one of the most significant urban planning experiments of the 20th century. It is the only one of the numerous urban planning schemes of Le Corbusier to have actually been executed. It is also the site of some of his greatest architectural creations. The city has had a far-reaching impact, ushering in a modern idiom of architecture and city planning all over India. It has become a symbol of planned urbanism. It is as famous for its landscaping as for its architectural ambience. Most of the buildings are in pure, cubical form, geometrically subdivided with emphasis on proportion, scale and detail. It was one of the early planned cities in post-independent India and is internationally known for its architecture and urban design. The master plan of the city was prepared by Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier, which transformed from earlier plans created by the Polish architect Maciej Nowicki and the American planner Albert Mayer. Most of the government buildings and housing in the city, were designed by the Chandigarh Capital Project Team headed by Le Corbusier, Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry
Presentation made by students of Thejus College of Architecture about the contributions of Le corbusier. Created by Group 5 students [Mohammad Ashiq, Nirmal Jose, Rahul Ram, Nitha Sherin, Rithik and Sanjay.
PLANNING PRINCIPLES OF LE CORBUSIER – A CASE STUDY OF CHANDIGARH CITY”Yash Shah
The city has a pre-historic past. The gently sloping plains on which modern Chandigarh exists, was in the ancient past, a wide lake ringed by a marsh. The fossil remains found at the site indicate a large variety of aquatic and amphibian life, which was supported by that environment. About 8000 years ago the area was also known to be a home to the Harappans. Since the medieval through modern era, the area was part of the large and prosperous Punjab Province which was divided into East & West Punjab during partition of the country in 1947. The city was conceived not only to serve as the capital of East Punjab, but also to resettle thousands of refugees who had been uprooted from West Punjab. In March, 1948, the Government of Punjab, in consultation with the Government of India, approved the area of the foothills of the Shivaliks as the site for the new capital. The location of the city site was a part of the erstwhile Ambala district as per the 1892-93 gazetteer of District Ambala. The foundation stone of the city was laid in 1952. Subsequently, at the time of reorganization of the state on 01.11.1966 into Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pardesh, the city assumed the unique distinction of being the capital city of both, Punjab and Haryana while it itself was declared as a Union Territory and under the direct control of the Central Government.
The Union Territory of Chandigarh is located in the foothills of the Shivalik hill ranges in the north, which form a part of the fragile Himalayan ecosystem. It is occupied by Kandi (Bhabhar) in the north east and Sirowal (Tarai) and alluvial plains in the remaining part. The subsurface formation comprises of beds of boulders, pebbles, gravel, sand, silt, clays and some kankar. The area is drained by two seasonal rivulets viz. Sukhna Choe in the east and Patiala-Ki-Rao Choe in the west. The central part forms a surface water divide and has two minor streams.
This is the presentation on Chandigarh planning.In this presentation,students have shown the planning and some views of the city CHANDIGARH-The City Beautiful.
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Paper tries to compare the intent, content, scope of two plans prepared by the two master for the capital city of Chandigarh and tries to showcase how the city destiny has been changed with the change in the new team to implement the master plan. Paper tries to map the impact of both plans on the growth and development of the capital city of Chandigarh
Chandigarh remains grossly misunderstood and appreciated with entire credit of city planning and development given to Le- Corbusier and his team. In the process, enormous work done by the first team of Architects ( led by Albert Mayer and Ar. Methew Nowiscki ) engaged for the planning and development of Chandigarh, remains unknown, unrecognised, diluted and marginalised. Basic concept of city planning, besides defining the framework for locating the four major components of the city- Capitol, City Centre, University and Industrial areas was all done by the first team including preparing the master plan super-block, city centre, capitol etc. Second plan prepared by Corbusier is primarily and essentially was based on the first master plans because second plan was prepared merely in 96 hours by Le- Corbusier. First plans had its positivity and uniqueness, which would have made Chandigarh a different city from what it is today. It makes a interesting study to compare two master plans to visualise the shape and function of the city had the first master plan was implemented. Looking at the present context, Could you ever think of city beautiful Chandigarh, being a leaf shaped city, with all curved and radial roads, planned as a traditional Indian city with bustling bazaars, without wonderful Sukhna lake, having no sector, without ceremonial Jan Marg, without bustling Madhya Marg and without vibrant shopping streets V4 with Sukhna choe lost in the haze and glory of Capitol complex. This would have been a distinct reality, had the first master plan prepared by Albert Mayer would have been implemented to make the capital city a reality. Historically looking, Chandigarh remains the product and synthesis of two distinct but diametrically different master plans (in thought, approach, intent, content, planning and architecture), prepared for the city by the American and French architects. First plan shows clearly the influence of principles and pattern of American planning with basic residential unit defined by Superblock, whereas Corbu plan has genesis in French approach to city planning based on the ideology of CIAM.
Making and unmaking of Chandigarh - making public spaces -JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to showcase in brief , what went into making and unmaking of Chandigarh in its historical perspective in terms of planning, architecture, principles adopted to make city a great experiment in urban planning and architecture. It also briefly goes over the challenge faced by the city and the options which can be exercised. It also briefly defines the wonderful public spaces, city has developed over a period of time.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. INTRODUCTION
The main analyses focused on Chandigarh, the dream city of India's first Prime Minister, Sh. Jawahar Lal Nehru,
was planned by the famous French architect Le Corbusier. Picturesquely located at the foothills of Shivaliks, it is
known as one of the best experiments in urban planning and modern architecture in the twentieth century in
India.
CONTENT
A- MAIN POINT
1- Overall urban design
2- All- of- a- piece urban design
3- Urban infrastructure design
4- Urban guidelines design
thefunambulist.net/2014/01/12/proletarian-fortresses-the-
corbusean-grids-anomaly-burail-in-chandigarh/
3. 1- OVERALL URBAN DESIGN
Le Corbusier´s master plan kept some key aspects proposed by Mayer and
Novicki, especially spatial relationships between key elements (government, city
centre, university and industries) and the superblock principle. But the shape of
the city plan was modified from one with a curving road network to rectangular
shape with a grid iron pattern for the fast traffic roads. It is an idea of the
“Spanish Square” as used in Barcelona.
http://www.nclurbandesign.org/architecture/chandigarh-le-corbusiers-master-piece/
Image by Gerald Steyn
Each residential sector was envisaged as a relatively self-contained urban
village, consisting of four neighbourhood-sized quarters (24 ha) each
bordering on a green strip with pedestrian paths running north-south, and a
market street east-west. He allocated nearly 30 per cent of the city to parks
and recreational areas. The city plan was conceived as post war ‘Garden
City’ wherein vertical and high rise buildings were ruled out, keeping in view
the socio economic-conditions and living habits of the people.
4. The city was designed as a grid system, with government buildings at one end, symbolizing the
head of the organism. City blocks are arranged in sectors and assigned numbers. In the core of
this residential area, is the commercial center, the heart of the city.
http://benjaminredmond.co.uk/2011/07/order-chaos-and-dreams/
http://chandigarh.gov.in/Interactive City Map
5. 2- ALL- OF- A- PIECE URBAN DESIGN
To many observers, organizing urban design projects to be carried out building- by- building, and landscape- by-
landscape by a number of developers according to an overall conceptual design is the core of urban design work. Many
architects see all- of- a- piece urban design as inferior to total urban design because it Is less a work of individual art.
They believe projects would be better if dream of and designed by one hand as in Le Corbusier’s design for the capital
complex in Chandigarh or Oscar Niemeyer’s work in Basilica. Others, however, believe that it is only through all- of- a-
piece urban design that both a unity and variety can be captured in large project design today.
Urban Design- By Jon Lang
The central plaza in Sector-17 was designated by Le
Corbusier as “ Pedestrians Paradise”. No vehicular
traffic will be permitted in the plaza.
The Leisure Valley, the Rajindra Park and
other parks shall be developed as parks only
and no building other than already planned
shall be permitted.
The absence of cars and the availability of wide pavements is an
amazing sensation for the pedestrian used to dodging a
combination of potholes and honking vehicles.
http://benbansal.me/
7. 3- URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN
The lake is a gift of the creators of Chandigarh to
the citizens to be at one with nature, away from
the hubbub of city life. There shall be no
commercial exploitation of the lake and its
environment and its tranquility shall be
guaranteed by banning noises.
The nature of the infrastructure is what visually distinguishes one city from another as much as the nature of its architecture. There are
various ways of considering the infrastructure of city but the most inclusive manner covers everything that is part of the public domain
whether privately or publicly owned. In this view the streets and another transport facilities, the schools and public institutions, such as
libraries and museums, can all be part of the infrastructure of cities.
Urban Design. By Jon Lang
http://chandigarh.gov.in/
Proposal for a coherent system of bicycle and pedestrian
pathways by Henrik Valeur and Chandigarh College of
Architecture for the 2030 Master Plan of Chandigarh.
“The intention was to create a human friendly environment.” M
N Sharma, member of Le Corbusier's original design team and
the first Indian Chief Architect of Chandigarh
http://www.henrikvaleur.dk/hv/projects.php
8. Divided the city into different sectors.
Each sector having the residential and commercial zones.
Planning was done in such a way that a tourist can also find his own way.
Maps displayed along the walkways and footpaths.
Roads in Chandigarh city
Roads
- Designed and oriented in such a way that most of the time during the day, they are under shadow.
- Huge parking areas for the commercial zones.
- Parking lanes – broad as main roads.
- Pedestrian walkways segregated from the main road with the help of wide lawn strip.
- Huge gardens along the main roads. http://chandigarh.gov.in/
9. CORBUSIER’S CONCEPTUAL SKETCH SHOWING THE V-ROAD SYSTEM
•V-1 Fast roads connecting Chandigarh to
other towns.
•V-2 Arterial roads.
•V-3 Fast vehicular sector dividing roads.
•V-4 Meandering shopping streets.
•V-5 Sector circulation roads.
•V-6 Access roads to houses.
•V-7 Foot paths and cycle tracks.
Source: Documenting Chandigarh
10. 4- URBAN GUIDELINES DESIGN
THE GROWTH OF CHANDIGARH 1966-96, STARTING
WITH SECTORS 1 & 2 IN PHASE 1, & CURRENTLY
CONSISTING OF 86 SECTORS
Source: Documenting Chandigarh
11. ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL GROUPS IN
CHANDIGARH IN 1998.
Source: Documenting Chandigarh
12. LE CORBUSIER’S UNSHAKEABLE BELIEF
IN THE ANTHROPOMETRIC
PROPORTIONAL CONNECTIONS &
LINKS CREATED BY GOLDEN SECTION
An example of Human Scale
design in the city.
The city of Chandigarh is
planned to human scale. It
puts in touch with the
infinite cosmos and nature.
It provides us with places
and buildings for all human
activities in which the
citizens can live a full and
harmonious life. Here the
radiance of nature and
heart are within our reach.
http://chandigarh.gov.in/
Source: Documenting Chandigarh
