2. LOCATION AND HISTORY
► Chandigarh was the first planned city after british rule in 1947.
► It is also the capital state of Punjab and Haryana
► The city is located on the picturesque junction of the Himalayas
Mountain range and the Ganges plains.
► It houses a population of 10.6 lakhs (2011) and is one of the
richest cities of the nation
► American architects Albert Mayer and Mathew Novicki were the
first architects to be appointed for the project.
► After the death of Novicki in 1950 , Le Corbusier was commissioned
3. GARDEN CITY
The city plan was
conceived as post war
‘Garden City’ wherein
vertical and high rise
buildings were ruled
out, keeping in view the
living habits of the
people.
Certain principles of
planning was taken
from the plan of Mayer
and Noviciki.
5. CORBUSIER’S MASTER PLAN
Rectangular shape with a grid iron pattern for the fast traffic roads
Economic constrain
The master plan – two phases , catering total population of half a million
Phase -1- 30 low density sector – 9000 acres ( sector 1- 30 ) for 1,50,000 people
Phase – 2 17 high density sectors ( sector 31 – 47) – 6000 acres – 3,50,000 people
6. SECTOR THE BASIC PLANNING UNIT
Sector a neighborhood unit – 800 m x 1200 m
Self sufficient units - shops ,schools , health cares centers and places of recreation and worship
Population of sector 3000 – 20000
Corbusier conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as analogues to human body, which clearly
defined
Head ( the capital complex)
Heart ( the city center sector – 17)
Lungs ( green spaces and open spaces)
Intellect ( cultural and educational institutions)
Circulatory system ( road networks )
Viscera ( the industrial space )
7. The concept of the city is based on four major functions : living , working , care
of the body and spiritual and circulation.
Residential sector constitutes the living part
The capital complex , city centre , education zone and the industrial area constitutes the working part
The leisure valley , gardens , sector greens and open courtyards etc. are for the care of body and spirit.
The circulatory system comprises of 7 different types of roads
Arterial roads (V1)
Major boulevards (V2)
Sector definers (V3)
Shopping streets ( V4)
Neighborhood streets ( V5)
Access lanes (V6)
Pedestrian paths and cycle tracks (V7)
Buses will ply on V1,V2,V3 and V4 roads. A wall shall seal the V3 roads from the sectors.
8. HOUSING
Every house has three elements – sun , space , greenery
GOVERNMENT HOUSING – 13 categories
House of chief minister to two room houses
Socio economic reasons – height restricted to two stories
PRIVATE HOUSING
Plots of area – 114 sqm to 4500 sqm
Living habits – outdoor type – hot and humid climate
Mandatory front and back – open to sky courtyard
Around community level open spaces
Chandigarh has four main work centers :
The capitol complex in the north – east
Educational institutes in north – west
The city centre in the heart
The industrial area in the south - east
9. PRIMARY MODULE
The primary module of city’s design is a Sector, a
neighborhood unit of size 800 meters x 1200 meters.
Each SECTOR is a self-sufficient unit having shops,
school, health centers and places of recreations and
worship.
The population of a sector varies between 3000 and
20000 depending upon the sizes of plots and the
topography of the area.
Northern sectors have less density than southern
sectors.
All sectors are further under Architectural control,
which consist of Frame Control, Material Control,
Elevation Control etc.
10. PLANNING OF TYPICAL SECTOR
It is clear that each residential sector was envisaged
as a relatively self- contained urban village, consisting
of four neighborhood-sized quarters (24 ha) each
bordering on a green strip with pedestrian paths
running north-south, and a market street east-west.
He allocated nearly 30% of the city to parks and
recreational areas.
The sector has four entrance points, two at either end
of the market street and two at either end of the
green belt, the maximum walking distance.
PLANNING OF A TYPICAL SECTOR
The size of the sector is based on the concept of no
pedestrian need to walk for more than 10min.
11. CAPITAL COMPLEX – Sector 1
Corbusier took upon himself the tasks of designing the
buildings of the Capitol and exercising architectural
control over the city.
Chandigarh capitol complex houses the seat of
Government.
The Capital complex comprises three architectural
masterpieces, the Secretariat, the High Court and the
Legislative Assembly, separated by large piazzas.
In the heart of the Capital Complex stands the giant
metallic sculpture of the Open Hand, the official
emblem of Chandigarh, signifying the city’s credo of
“open to give, Open to receive”.
12.
13. SECTOR 17
The sector 17 or the city center is placed in the heart of
the city, which is the majorly for pedestrian.
Its designated as the pedestrian paradise by Le
Corbusier. The central sector of the city, sector 17, is the
main public congregation area of the city. It houses all
major shopping complexes, sports facilities and
congregation spaces.
It is one complete sector of approximately 100 hectares
and broadly divided into a two zones on the north and
south.
The Southern zone was developed as a center of district
administration, containing the district courts and police
headquarters, the fire station and interstate bus
terminus, while major commercial and civic functions are
carried out in the northern section.
14. LANDSCAPING
Some 800 hectares of green open space
are spread over the approximately 114
square kilometers of the Capital Project
area.
A Hierarchy of Green Spaces can be
observed in both the layout ranging from
Public Greens at City Level to Semi-
Private to Private Green Areas.
The Expert Heritage Committee on
Preservation and Conservation of
Chandigarh has recommended preserving
certain green areas of the first phase, for
declaration as ’Heritage Status’.
15. Pros
Wealthiest town of India
First modern architecture of Indian city planning.
No 1 in terms of Human Development Index.
Cleanest and Greenest City in India.
Visually powerful.
It was majorly designed giving importance to the pedestrian usage.
Cons
City not planned for lower income people.
Un-Indian.
Lack of excitement of Indian cities.
Absence of Indian culture.
16. INFERENCE
The city of Chandigarh is planned to human scale.
It provides us with places and buildings for all human activities.
Introvert planning with sealing walls along main roads so there no
disturbance of the vehicular movement
Emphasis on family life and the community living
