1. What are the current challenges of waste management in our towns/municipals/cities today?
2. What are the possible measures that can be put forward to overcome the above challenges?
Municipal solid waste management in malaysiaNurul Izyan
This document summarizes municipal solid waste management in Malaysia. It discusses the increasing rate of waste generation and composition. Source separation and various bin types are used. Waste collection is the most expensive activity. Landfills were previously poorly managed but advanced sanitary landfills now include liners, gas and leachate systems. Management involves multiple government ministries and agencies, with local authorities responsible for decision making. Privatization of waste management began in the 1990s to improve services. Integrated approaches aim to minimize and recycle waste according to an internationally accepted waste management hierarchy.
Microorganism in sewage treatment,Biodiversity and rolesNibal mousa
This document discusses microorganisms found in sewage treatment. It begins by describing the composition of sewage and how it provides an ideal environment for microorganism growth. It then examines the roles of various bacteria, including acetogenic, coliform, denitrifying, fermentative, and nitrifying bacteria. It also discusses archaea like methanogens, as well as algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses present in sewage treatment. The document provides examples of important microorganisms and their roles in removing pollutants from wastewater.
This document discusses bioremediation and waste management. It begins by introducing bioremediation as a technique using microorganisms to remove pollutants from contaminated sites. It then discusses the advantages of bioremediation including being cost effective and environmentally friendly, and the disadvantages such as being time consuming. The document also discusses different methods of waste disposal including landfills, composting, and incineration. It covers the waste management hierarchy and principles of the Basel Convention to minimize hazardous waste.
Solid waste includes municipal garbage, industrial waste, sewage sludge, agricultural waste, and mining residues. It can be solid, liquid, or gas. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act aims to safely manage waste to protect human health and the environment. Methods of managing solid waste include reducing waste production, recycling and composting, combustion, and landfilling. Hazardous waste requires special disposal in secure, lined landfills.
This document defines different types of waste and provides details about several categories. It discusses industrial waste, municipal waste, medical waste, agricultural waste, radioactive waste, and hazardous waste. For each type of waste, it describes the materials that are included and examples. It also explains how waste is generated from various sources like households, commercial establishments, and industrial and agricultural processes.
The document discusses different processes and technologies for solid waste management including biological, chemical, and thermal conversion methods. It describes common biological processes like composting and anaerobic digestion that use aerobic or anaerobic bacteria to break down organic waste. Chemical processes discussed are oxidation/reduction and ion exchange methods for treating hazardous waste. Finally, it summarizes several thermal conversion technologies like incineration that use high heat to destroy waste, noting gasification and pyrolysis are still under investigation.
Waste is defined as unwanted or useless materials that are disposed of. The Basel Convention provides definitions of waste and disposal. Waste comes in solid and liquid forms from various sources like households, commerce, and industry. Improper waste management can negatively impact human health through chemical poisoning, increased disease, and toxicity. It can also affect the environment by polluting water sources and harming aquatic life. The key to reducing these impacts is following the waste hierarchy of reducing, reusing, and recycling to minimize waste generation and ensure proper disposal.
Municipal solid waste management in malaysiaNurul Izyan
This document summarizes municipal solid waste management in Malaysia. It discusses the increasing rate of waste generation and composition. Source separation and various bin types are used. Waste collection is the most expensive activity. Landfills were previously poorly managed but advanced sanitary landfills now include liners, gas and leachate systems. Management involves multiple government ministries and agencies, with local authorities responsible for decision making. Privatization of waste management began in the 1990s to improve services. Integrated approaches aim to minimize and recycle waste according to an internationally accepted waste management hierarchy.
Microorganism in sewage treatment,Biodiversity and rolesNibal mousa
This document discusses microorganisms found in sewage treatment. It begins by describing the composition of sewage and how it provides an ideal environment for microorganism growth. It then examines the roles of various bacteria, including acetogenic, coliform, denitrifying, fermentative, and nitrifying bacteria. It also discusses archaea like methanogens, as well as algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses present in sewage treatment. The document provides examples of important microorganisms and their roles in removing pollutants from wastewater.
This document discusses bioremediation and waste management. It begins by introducing bioremediation as a technique using microorganisms to remove pollutants from contaminated sites. It then discusses the advantages of bioremediation including being cost effective and environmentally friendly, and the disadvantages such as being time consuming. The document also discusses different methods of waste disposal including landfills, composting, and incineration. It covers the waste management hierarchy and principles of the Basel Convention to minimize hazardous waste.
Solid waste includes municipal garbage, industrial waste, sewage sludge, agricultural waste, and mining residues. It can be solid, liquid, or gas. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act aims to safely manage waste to protect human health and the environment. Methods of managing solid waste include reducing waste production, recycling and composting, combustion, and landfilling. Hazardous waste requires special disposal in secure, lined landfills.
This document defines different types of waste and provides details about several categories. It discusses industrial waste, municipal waste, medical waste, agricultural waste, radioactive waste, and hazardous waste. For each type of waste, it describes the materials that are included and examples. It also explains how waste is generated from various sources like households, commercial establishments, and industrial and agricultural processes.
The document discusses different processes and technologies for solid waste management including biological, chemical, and thermal conversion methods. It describes common biological processes like composting and anaerobic digestion that use aerobic or anaerobic bacteria to break down organic waste. Chemical processes discussed are oxidation/reduction and ion exchange methods for treating hazardous waste. Finally, it summarizes several thermal conversion technologies like incineration that use high heat to destroy waste, noting gasification and pyrolysis are still under investigation.
Waste is defined as unwanted or useless materials that are disposed of. The Basel Convention provides definitions of waste and disposal. Waste comes in solid and liquid forms from various sources like households, commerce, and industry. Improper waste management can negatively impact human health through chemical poisoning, increased disease, and toxicity. It can also affect the environment by polluting water sources and harming aquatic life. The key to reducing these impacts is following the waste hierarchy of reducing, reusing, and recycling to minimize waste generation and ensure proper disposal.
Solid waste management involves the generation, prevention, monitoring, treatment, reuse and disposal of solid wastes. There are various methods for solid waste disposal including controlled landfilling, incineration, composting, and dumping waste into designated bins for biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials. Practicing the 3R's - reduce, reuse and recycle - is also important for effective solid waste management.
The document provides information on wastewater treatment processes. It defines wastewater and the objectives of treatment, which include reducing organic substances, nutrients, and pathogens. It describes primary treatment processes like screening and sedimentation that use physical separation to remove solids. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge and trickling filters to further reduce organic material using microorganisms. The final effluent is suitable for discharge after primary and secondary treatment remove solids and organic waste.
This document discusses various types and methods of waste management. It begins by defining hazardous waste and identifying the main types as gaseous, liquid, and solid. It then outlines steps for waste inventory, characterization, segregation, and minimization. Various treatment and disposal methods are described such as landfilling, chemical treatment, biological treatment, thermal treatments, physical treatments, solidification/encapsulation, and energy recovery from waste incineration. The overall document provides an overview of classifying, handling, and processing different categories of waste.
Waste water treatment involves three main stages - primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment removes solid waste through processes like screening, grinding, and flotation. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge and oxidation ponds to break down organic matter with microbes. Tertiary treatment provides additional filtration and may include chemical processes or lagoons to further polish the treated water before discharge or reuse. The main goal is to reduce contaminants like BOD, COD, and remove pathogens before releasing or recycling the water.
Nepal faces challenges from liquid waste due to lack of proper management systems. Using the DPSIR framework, the document analyzes the drivers, pressures, state, impacts and responses regarding liquid waste in Nepal. The main drivers include population growth, urbanization and lack of public awareness. Pressures stem from agriculture, industries and changing consumption patterns. The state of liquid waste management has caused issues like eutrophication and pollution of rivers. Impacts involve health, environmental and economic problems. Responses from the government include policies, treatment plants and campaigns to address liquid waste management in Nepal.
The document discusses industrial wastewater effluents and their treatment. It describes various sources and characteristics of industrial wastewater, as well as the pollutants commonly found in it. The objectives of industrial wastewater treatment are to allow safe disposal without harming the environment. Common treatment methods include preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary treatments using various units and processes like screening, sedimentation, and biological processes. Both advantages and disadvantages of wastewater treatment systems are provided.
Composting,
vermicomposting, biogas production, thermal treatment, incineration,
pyrolysis, gasification, biological treatment, Sanitary land filling, land fill leachate and gas management Latest Advances and Rules related to SWM, Hazardous Waste,
Plastic Waste and E-Waste Management
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane production have a tremendous impact on climate change, microbes play a key role in the production and control of these gases
Solid waste includes any unwanted or discarded material from households, businesses, and industries. It consists of items that are discarded because they have served their purpose or are no longer useful. If not properly disposed of, solid waste can pollute the environment and pose health risks. Proper solid waste management through techniques like reducing waste, reusing materials, recycling, and safe disposal is necessary to protect the environment and human health.
This document provides an overview of hazardous waste management rules and regulations in India. It discusses the key aspects of hazardous waste including definitions, characteristics, types of listed wastes, effects on human health and environment, and treatment methods. The rules classify waste as hazardous based on ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity. Hazardous waste must be properly stored, transported, and treated using physical, chemical, thermal, or biological processes before disposal to reduce risks. The main goals of the regulations are to safely manage hazardous waste and prevent environmental pollution.
Wastewater treatment involves multiple processes to remove contaminants from water and make it suitable for discharge. It begins with preliminary treatment to remove large solids through coarse screening and grit removal. Primary treatment uses sedimentation to remove settleable solids. Secondary treatment uses bacteria and protozoa to break down organic matter biologically. Tertiary treatment provides disinfection and additional nutrient removal. Sludge treatment involves anaerobic digestion to reduce solids volume, composting, and dewatering the sludge for use as fertilizer.
This document provides an overview of solid waste management. It begins with definitions of solid waste and municipal solid waste. It then discusses sources and types of municipal solid waste, as well as typical generation quantities. The key elements of municipal solid waste management systems are outlined, including collection, transfer, transport, disposal methods like landfilling and incineration, and the 4R concept of reduce, reuse, recycle, recover. Specific collection and disposal methods are described in more detail. The document also discusses the characteristics, composition and impact of municipal solid waste. A case study example is provided at the end to illustrate some of the concepts.
The document outlines South Africa's legislative background and current status regarding chemicals and waste management. It discusses the National Environmental Management Waste Act of 2008 and its key provisions, including regulating waste activities through a listing system. The Act aims to protect health and the environment based on a waste hierarchy approach. Key requirements are outlined for generators and transporters of waste, including proper storage, disposal, and permitting. Regulations provide for waste classification, tracking, and information reporting. The overall approach is to manage waste safely and prevent pollution.
This document classifies and describes different types of solid waste. It divides solid waste into 14 main categories: domestic/residential waste, municipal waste, commercial waste, institutional waste, garbage, rubbish, ashes, bulky wastes, street sweeping, dead animals, construction & demolition waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, and sewage wastes. Each category is further described in terms of the materials and sources that define that type of solid waste. The classification system allows for easier recycling, stable collection systems, and proper disposal of different solid waste materials.
The document summarizes the solid waste management situation in Metro Manila, Philippines. It discusses that Metro Manila generates a disproportionate amount of the country's waste despite having only 13% of the population. Most waste is disposed of through open dumping and only 34% is recycled or composted. This improper waste disposal leads to numerous environmental and public health issues including toxic landfill leachate, dengue outbreaks, and floods or landslides from clogged drainage. The document proposes solutions like mobilizing the private sector to use biodegradable packaging, educating communities on proper waste handling, and holding local governments accountable for waste management plans.
This document provides an introduction and overview of industrial wastewater treatment. It discusses how industries use water for manufacturing and processing purposes, which becomes wastewater that must be treated before discharge to prevent environmental pollution. The document then outlines some key contaminants found in wastewater and characteristics of industrial wastewater. It describes common wastewater treatment methods including physical, mechanical, chemical and biological processes and provides details on specific unit operations like screening, sedimentation, flotation and biological treatment methods.
Sewage and wastewater contain organic and inorganic matter, gases, and microorganisms. The organic matter can undergo aerobic or anaerobic decomposition. Aerobic decomposition occurs in the presence of oxygen and forms stable end products. Anaerobic decomposition occurs without oxygen and forms gases and simpler compounds. The characteristics of sewage include physical properties like color and temperature, chemical properties like pH and dissolved oxygen, and biological indicators like BOD and COD that measure decomposability. Proper treatment of sewage is necessary to remove pathogens and pollutants before disposal or reuse of water.
what is waste water? why waste water is treated? how waste water is treated? waste water treatment processes. what is reverse osmosis? how ro works? process of reverse osmosis. adventage & disadventage of reverse osmosis.
A good environment they say predetermines good health. If good health is to be measured at all the people and the environment will play a significant role. Illness and disease however, do not exist in isolation of the environment in particular. Waste is an object for which we have no further use and which has to be disposed off because of the danger it poses to the environment. Solid waste refers to garbage, refuse, rubbish, trash or litter generated through the domestic, commercial and industrial activities of man. As the population increased efforts were made to transport waste out of the cities. This study therefore examined the problems of solid waste disposal in Ibarapa East Local Government Area of Oyo state. Two hundred respondents were sampled from the study area. The major instruments of data collection were questionnaire administration, personal observation and oral interview Data were analyzed using cross tabulation and simple percentage The findings shows that the respondents were aware of effects that improper solid waste to have in their environment and health but still indulge in insanitary wasted disposal. Also the role of Government in waste disposal was below normal standard. It was recommended that the people should change their unsanitary system of waste disposal and government should improve on waste disposal policy.
Assessment of Existing Solid Waste management Practices and Challenges: The C...mowlid hassan hirsi
Solid waste is one of the most common challenges faced by many different countries. However, developing countries are suffering more than the developed countries when it comes to managing solid waste management. Jig-jiga City, like other cities in developing countries, faces problems associated with poorly managed solid waste operation. The study concerns about the Assessment of the current solid waste management and practices and challenges. The survey was conducted in 03 from commercial areas and 06 from residential area with total sample size of 298 households. Different sampling methods were employed to select the study units including: stratified sampling, systematic random sampling, and purposive sampling. Though the bulk of the data collected were qualitative in nature, it was also supported by quantitative information collected through survey and secondary sources. The study discovered that there is low performance of SWM in the city mainly due to: lack of properly designed collection system and time schedule, inadequate and malfunctioning operation equipment, open burning of refuse, poor condition of the final dumpsite and less awareness creation among community which encouraged illegal dumping are the technical problem identified. Insufficient budget and funds as well as lack of promotion on waste reduction, recycling, absence of waste recovery, practice of energy option, waste separation and composting are among the management challenges facing the city. Social problems encountered include: lack of public awareness, unwillingness to pay, ill dumping manner (often around residence and any open spaces) and improper outlook for waste workers. Incompetence of organizations in terms of equipment required for operation and man power /staff qualifications, training and human resource developments and unreliable service are the institutional challenge that the city encountered in the sector. Finally, the study forwarded some important recommendations towards improving the waste management practice.
Solid waste management involves the generation, prevention, monitoring, treatment, reuse and disposal of solid wastes. There are various methods for solid waste disposal including controlled landfilling, incineration, composting, and dumping waste into designated bins for biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials. Practicing the 3R's - reduce, reuse and recycle - is also important for effective solid waste management.
The document provides information on wastewater treatment processes. It defines wastewater and the objectives of treatment, which include reducing organic substances, nutrients, and pathogens. It describes primary treatment processes like screening and sedimentation that use physical separation to remove solids. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge and trickling filters to further reduce organic material using microorganisms. The final effluent is suitable for discharge after primary and secondary treatment remove solids and organic waste.
This document discusses various types and methods of waste management. It begins by defining hazardous waste and identifying the main types as gaseous, liquid, and solid. It then outlines steps for waste inventory, characterization, segregation, and minimization. Various treatment and disposal methods are described such as landfilling, chemical treatment, biological treatment, thermal treatments, physical treatments, solidification/encapsulation, and energy recovery from waste incineration. The overall document provides an overview of classifying, handling, and processing different categories of waste.
Waste water treatment involves three main stages - primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment removes solid waste through processes like screening, grinding, and flotation. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge and oxidation ponds to break down organic matter with microbes. Tertiary treatment provides additional filtration and may include chemical processes or lagoons to further polish the treated water before discharge or reuse. The main goal is to reduce contaminants like BOD, COD, and remove pathogens before releasing or recycling the water.
Nepal faces challenges from liquid waste due to lack of proper management systems. Using the DPSIR framework, the document analyzes the drivers, pressures, state, impacts and responses regarding liquid waste in Nepal. The main drivers include population growth, urbanization and lack of public awareness. Pressures stem from agriculture, industries and changing consumption patterns. The state of liquid waste management has caused issues like eutrophication and pollution of rivers. Impacts involve health, environmental and economic problems. Responses from the government include policies, treatment plants and campaigns to address liquid waste management in Nepal.
The document discusses industrial wastewater effluents and their treatment. It describes various sources and characteristics of industrial wastewater, as well as the pollutants commonly found in it. The objectives of industrial wastewater treatment are to allow safe disposal without harming the environment. Common treatment methods include preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary treatments using various units and processes like screening, sedimentation, and biological processes. Both advantages and disadvantages of wastewater treatment systems are provided.
Composting,
vermicomposting, biogas production, thermal treatment, incineration,
pyrolysis, gasification, biological treatment, Sanitary land filling, land fill leachate and gas management Latest Advances and Rules related to SWM, Hazardous Waste,
Plastic Waste and E-Waste Management
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane production have a tremendous impact on climate change, microbes play a key role in the production and control of these gases
Solid waste includes any unwanted or discarded material from households, businesses, and industries. It consists of items that are discarded because they have served their purpose or are no longer useful. If not properly disposed of, solid waste can pollute the environment and pose health risks. Proper solid waste management through techniques like reducing waste, reusing materials, recycling, and safe disposal is necessary to protect the environment and human health.
This document provides an overview of hazardous waste management rules and regulations in India. It discusses the key aspects of hazardous waste including definitions, characteristics, types of listed wastes, effects on human health and environment, and treatment methods. The rules classify waste as hazardous based on ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity. Hazardous waste must be properly stored, transported, and treated using physical, chemical, thermal, or biological processes before disposal to reduce risks. The main goals of the regulations are to safely manage hazardous waste and prevent environmental pollution.
Wastewater treatment involves multiple processes to remove contaminants from water and make it suitable for discharge. It begins with preliminary treatment to remove large solids through coarse screening and grit removal. Primary treatment uses sedimentation to remove settleable solids. Secondary treatment uses bacteria and protozoa to break down organic matter biologically. Tertiary treatment provides disinfection and additional nutrient removal. Sludge treatment involves anaerobic digestion to reduce solids volume, composting, and dewatering the sludge for use as fertilizer.
This document provides an overview of solid waste management. It begins with definitions of solid waste and municipal solid waste. It then discusses sources and types of municipal solid waste, as well as typical generation quantities. The key elements of municipal solid waste management systems are outlined, including collection, transfer, transport, disposal methods like landfilling and incineration, and the 4R concept of reduce, reuse, recycle, recover. Specific collection and disposal methods are described in more detail. The document also discusses the characteristics, composition and impact of municipal solid waste. A case study example is provided at the end to illustrate some of the concepts.
The document outlines South Africa's legislative background and current status regarding chemicals and waste management. It discusses the National Environmental Management Waste Act of 2008 and its key provisions, including regulating waste activities through a listing system. The Act aims to protect health and the environment based on a waste hierarchy approach. Key requirements are outlined for generators and transporters of waste, including proper storage, disposal, and permitting. Regulations provide for waste classification, tracking, and information reporting. The overall approach is to manage waste safely and prevent pollution.
This document classifies and describes different types of solid waste. It divides solid waste into 14 main categories: domestic/residential waste, municipal waste, commercial waste, institutional waste, garbage, rubbish, ashes, bulky wastes, street sweeping, dead animals, construction & demolition waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, and sewage wastes. Each category is further described in terms of the materials and sources that define that type of solid waste. The classification system allows for easier recycling, stable collection systems, and proper disposal of different solid waste materials.
The document summarizes the solid waste management situation in Metro Manila, Philippines. It discusses that Metro Manila generates a disproportionate amount of the country's waste despite having only 13% of the population. Most waste is disposed of through open dumping and only 34% is recycled or composted. This improper waste disposal leads to numerous environmental and public health issues including toxic landfill leachate, dengue outbreaks, and floods or landslides from clogged drainage. The document proposes solutions like mobilizing the private sector to use biodegradable packaging, educating communities on proper waste handling, and holding local governments accountable for waste management plans.
This document provides an introduction and overview of industrial wastewater treatment. It discusses how industries use water for manufacturing and processing purposes, which becomes wastewater that must be treated before discharge to prevent environmental pollution. The document then outlines some key contaminants found in wastewater and characteristics of industrial wastewater. It describes common wastewater treatment methods including physical, mechanical, chemical and biological processes and provides details on specific unit operations like screening, sedimentation, flotation and biological treatment methods.
Sewage and wastewater contain organic and inorganic matter, gases, and microorganisms. The organic matter can undergo aerobic or anaerobic decomposition. Aerobic decomposition occurs in the presence of oxygen and forms stable end products. Anaerobic decomposition occurs without oxygen and forms gases and simpler compounds. The characteristics of sewage include physical properties like color and temperature, chemical properties like pH and dissolved oxygen, and biological indicators like BOD and COD that measure decomposability. Proper treatment of sewage is necessary to remove pathogens and pollutants before disposal or reuse of water.
what is waste water? why waste water is treated? how waste water is treated? waste water treatment processes. what is reverse osmosis? how ro works? process of reverse osmosis. adventage & disadventage of reverse osmosis.
A good environment they say predetermines good health. If good health is to be measured at all the people and the environment will play a significant role. Illness and disease however, do not exist in isolation of the environment in particular. Waste is an object for which we have no further use and which has to be disposed off because of the danger it poses to the environment. Solid waste refers to garbage, refuse, rubbish, trash or litter generated through the domestic, commercial and industrial activities of man. As the population increased efforts were made to transport waste out of the cities. This study therefore examined the problems of solid waste disposal in Ibarapa East Local Government Area of Oyo state. Two hundred respondents were sampled from the study area. The major instruments of data collection were questionnaire administration, personal observation and oral interview Data were analyzed using cross tabulation and simple percentage The findings shows that the respondents were aware of effects that improper solid waste to have in their environment and health but still indulge in insanitary wasted disposal. Also the role of Government in waste disposal was below normal standard. It was recommended that the people should change their unsanitary system of waste disposal and government should improve on waste disposal policy.
Assessment of Existing Solid Waste management Practices and Challenges: The C...mowlid hassan hirsi
Solid waste is one of the most common challenges faced by many different countries. However, developing countries are suffering more than the developed countries when it comes to managing solid waste management. Jig-jiga City, like other cities in developing countries, faces problems associated with poorly managed solid waste operation. The study concerns about the Assessment of the current solid waste management and practices and challenges. The survey was conducted in 03 from commercial areas and 06 from residential area with total sample size of 298 households. Different sampling methods were employed to select the study units including: stratified sampling, systematic random sampling, and purposive sampling. Though the bulk of the data collected were qualitative in nature, it was also supported by quantitative information collected through survey and secondary sources. The study discovered that there is low performance of SWM in the city mainly due to: lack of properly designed collection system and time schedule, inadequate and malfunctioning operation equipment, open burning of refuse, poor condition of the final dumpsite and less awareness creation among community which encouraged illegal dumping are the technical problem identified. Insufficient budget and funds as well as lack of promotion on waste reduction, recycling, absence of waste recovery, practice of energy option, waste separation and composting are among the management challenges facing the city. Social problems encountered include: lack of public awareness, unwillingness to pay, ill dumping manner (often around residence and any open spaces) and improper outlook for waste workers. Incompetence of organizations in terms of equipment required for operation and man power /staff qualifications, training and human resource developments and unreliable service are the institutional challenge that the city encountered in the sector. Finally, the study forwarded some important recommendations towards improving the waste management practice.
Local Governance and Sustainability in Municipal Waste Management in the Mfou...ijtsrd
Increasingly, sustainable waste management has emerged as a major concern both in terms of environmental protection and sustainable management of urban spaces. Over the years, it has been observed that, the volume of waste generated in urban spaces in Cameroon far exceeds the capacity of local councils to manage. Mfoundi council, like the majority councils in Cameroon, has outsourced the collection and disposal of solid waste to the private waste collection company. However, decline in waste collection rates, rising cost associated with solid waste retrieval and disposal continue to exacerbate the challenge local councils experience with regards to urban waste disposal and management. From the foregoing, this study seeks to critically examine the sustainability of the policy, and practices of Municipal Solid Waste Management MSWM systems adopted in the Mfoundi Division. This study adopted a hybrid of qualitative and quantitative approaches using questionnaires, interviews and focused group discussion as main instruments of data collection. The non probability purposive sampling was used due to time and cost constraints The findings of this study revealed that, the council waste management approach does not meet the demands of the population. Poor collection and transportation facilities, insufficient waste collection frequency, low levels of household awareness of good solid waste management practices lack of awareness on waste reuse and recycling are some of the major challenges identified by the study. Thus, people have been left with little or no choice but to dump waste in open spaces, water bodies, drainage channels, deposit along roadsides and streets. The study recommends the following, adopting a community participative approach for efficient waste management, introduction of a waste reuse recycling and reduction plan, intensive sensitization to educate the population on proper waste management practices waste separation via mass campaigns, finally the state should compel brewery and water companies to put in place an avenue to collect the plastic bottles sold to the population. Fofack Abanda Blondelle "Local Governance and Sustainability in Municipal Waste Management in the Mfoundi Division, Yaounde Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38451.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/38451/local-governance-and-sustainability-in-municipal-waste-management-in-the-mfoundi-division-yaounde-cameroon/fofack-abanda-blondelle
Domestic solid waste management and its environmental impacts in Addis Ababa ...Premier Publishers
Domestic solid waste is becoming a threat to Addis Ababa city’s environment, as only 65% of the waste produced per day is collected and disposed, 5% is recycled, 5% is composted and the remaining 25% is uncollected and dumped in unauthorized areas. Since domestic waste dominate the municipality’s waste category, its management and associated environmental impacts is worthy of attention. This review aimed to examine the composition and impacts of domestic solid waste and evaluate the existing waste management practices through field visit, discussion and review of literature. The solid waste generation rate of the city is about 0.45 kg/capita/day. Waste collectors participate in the waste management by receiving service charge from residential areas equaling 20% of the cost of their water consumption. The city is still dependent on ‘Reppi/Koshe’ dumping site that receives over 750 tons of solid waste per day. Inadequate domestic solid waste management creates a range of environmental problems. Although the management strategy of the city is improving still it couldn’t address the demand side. Segregation, treatment, proper disposal, policy and law enforcement and capacity building are potential areas of improvement through research interventions.
The document summarizes JICA's Clean City Initiative to address environmental issues in developing countries through two approaches. The first approach aims to improve waste disposal structures and create a recycling-oriented society. The second approach seeks to create a healthy environment through pollution prevention measures and environmental regulations. JICA develops human resources and provides technical cooperation to strengthen facilities, finance, legal and organizational structures, as well as social awareness. The initiative aims to benefit 500 million citizens in 50 countries by 2030.
Sustainability refers to the interconnected relationship between the environment, economy, and social equity. It requires responsibility for future generations by demonstrating a path forward through sustainable practices. The document discusses establishing a sustainable waste management plan for the town of New Paltz, New York. It acknowledges contributions from local leaders and organizations that provided input. The plan aims to enhance existing recycling and reuse programs to reduce waste and move toward a zero waste goal through community collaboration.
Impact of Solid Waste Management Practices on Environmental Protection Case o...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This Solid waste management practices are essential component of environmental infrastructure in human settlements; its poor management can lead to health problem and environmental destruction in general, this study was conducted in Kicukiro district. The data were collected on the sample of 97 households and some authorities through questionnaires, and interview and were analyzed using SPSS Version 20 (statistical tools) and this helped in generating tables and performing descriptive statistics like percentages, frequency, and mean. The results obtained revealed that that in terms of waste segregation is explained excluding solid wastes from liquid wastes considering the mean of 2.73 which was interpreted as high mean. Those results influenced the grand mean to become 2.04 which is interpreted as low mean. This means that waste segregation practices is not efficiently done in households located in Kicukiro. It was revealed that transportation of wastes is characterized by the short time of loading wastes considering the mean of 2.91 which is interpreted as high mean. The findings revealed that the environmental protection in Kicukiro District is characterized by the following: little harmful materials (plastic packages) in the soils considering the mean of 3.18. This showed that there is link between solid waste management practices and environmental protection in Kicukiro District. For proper practices of waste management which is positive but only for waste transportation to have a significant relationship with environmental protection considering the correlation coefficient of 0.259 and the p-value or Sig.(2-tailed) of 0.010 which is below the p-alpha of 0.05. It is recommended that Kicukiro District has to launch a sustained, education and communication campaign informing residents on the importance of managing waste properly and its importance to their health, the environment and cleanliness of the city or use another waste reduction strategy in order to encourage recyclable production of goods to allow access to recyclable products.
The document discusses sustainable solid waste management and its effects on economic growth in Enugu State, Nigeria. It finds that the current waste management system lacks recycling, reuse, and waste reduction programs. A proposed new system would incorporate these elements and educate the public to successfully implement source separation, recycling, and bans on certain plastics. The benefits of recycling to the economy through reduced costs, energy and resource conservation, and job creation are also reviewed.
Factors Affecting Solid Waste Management in Kapchorwa Town Council, Kapchorwa...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
The problem of Solid Waste Management (SWM) has become a major problem in the upper areas of developing countries. In Uganda, the menace of urban waste has further been worsened by the increasing population. This study was done to assess the level of knowledge and practices about SWM within the Kapchorwa Town Council (KTC) Kapchorwa district in eastern Uganda. To achieve the objectives, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out and waste characteristics, collection, disposal, stakeholder roles, and waste management responsibilities were analyzed. Results indicate that waste is predominantly biodegradable (66%) and generated mainly within households, with no proper collection rate disposed of, crude dumping was the major means of disposal used (72.5%). The council is under capacity to handle waste management demands and their services are poor or nonexistent which has led to the use of crude dumping which has risk health. The strategy for solid waste management is failing because the community members are not cooperative. In conclusion, waste management practices in KTC are poor and they reflect a gap in knowledge about effective waste management within KTC, community members should be regularly educated on the link between improper solid waste management and disease outbreaks and the safe SWM practices such as reuse and recycling.
Keywords: Waste management, Kapchorwa district, urban waste, disease outbreaks
Mulugeta Bantigegn, Achenef Motbainor and Teferi Mekonnon,“Onsite Proper Solid Waste Handling Practices and Associated Factors Among Condominium Residents in Debre-Markos Town, East Gojjam Zone, North West Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT), Volume 01, Issue 06, pp. 01-11, 2020. https://uijrt.com/articles/v1i6/UIJRTV1I60001.pdf
Hermann Köller:
Education: Master of Science degree in Environmental Science and Landscape Planning
Hermann Koller has been engaged in the waste management sector for 25years, including both private and public sectorpositions. Currently he serves as Managing Director for the International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), he has been a CEO for a waste operating company and a Vice President of the Austrian compliance scheme for packaging waste.
In the sense of landfill management, the general premise of pretreatment technologies is that treating the waste before final disposal will reduce the volume of waste being landfilled and enhance or accelerate the stabilization of the waste, reducing the long-term disadvantageous effects on the environment. Landfill making, Dozer For Landfill, Municipal solid waste landfill in India.
Waste Management in the GTA Final ThesisBrian Nogaro
This document provides an overview of municipal solid waste management in the Greater Toronto Area. It examines the current industry performance, waste diversion techniques, private sector organizations, and non-governmental organizations involved in the sector. The author analyzes the history and progression of waste management policies and strategies in Ontario from the 1970s to present day. Key topics discussed include the waste management hierarchy, definitions of waste, waste diversion rates over time, the role of various governing bodies and regulations, and the history of waste disposal facilities like the Keele Valley Landfill. The conclusion will synthesize ongoing problems and make recommendations to progress towards a more sustainable framework in both the short and long term.
Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the major environmental issues in cities of many
developing countries, including Nepal. Urbanization, Industrialization and economic
development has led to increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW). The use of
products that generate hazardous waste is another concern. Unmanaged disposal of medical
wastes from hospitals and clinics also contribute to pollution and public health hazards in the
localities. Therefore, SWM has become a major concern for the municipalities of Nepal. The
total sample size of 21 from the households, Restaurants, Hotels, commercial shops (including
Fruit shop, Barber shop, Spectacle shop, Library, Book shop etc.) were collected around
Kathmandu municipality.
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This impactful presentation will shed light on the 3Rs method—Reduce, Reuse, Recycle—as a cornerstone for responsible consumption and waste management. Discover innovative techniques and strategies to minimize our ecological footprint and foster a circular economy that ensures the longevity of our precious resources.
Together, let's explore actionable steps to safeguard our environment, mitigate climate change, and create a harmonious balance between human activities and the natural world. This World Environmental Day, be part of the global movement for a greener, more sustainable tomorrow."
MEE 5901, Advanced Solid Waste Management 1 Course Le.docxaryan532920
MEE 5901, Advanced Solid Waste Management 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Assess the fundamental science and engineering principles of solid waste management.
7. Examine the impact of solid waste on human populations.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 1:
Integrated Solid Waste Management
Chapter 2:
Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics and Quantities
Unit Lesson
During the last 10 years, the European Union (EU) has seen a 25% increase in the per capita generation of
municipal solid waste (MSW) and a 30% increase in the generation of hazardous waste (European
Environment Agency, 2013; Eurostat, 2016). In Asia, MSW is expected to increase by 150% in the next 20
years (Hoornweg & Bhada-Tata, 2012). Government regulators and corporations are looking for ways to
reduce and better manage these wastes. One option is to use the principles of the Integrated Solid Waste
Management (ISWM) program. The ISWM program is structured with the highest priority being the prevention
of waste from being generated. The lowest-ranked priority involves the final disposal of the waste in a landfill
facility. When waste is generated in a manufacturing facility, every attempt is made to reduce its quantity by
using sustainable consumption processes that utilize fewer toxic and hazardous materials in the
manufacturing processes. The next highest priority in the hierarchy is recycling or reusing waste in
commercially viable products. To properly protect human health and the environment, waste that has no
commercial value must be disposed of. Before going straight to a landfill, opportunities need to be explored
that are related to the recovery of heat and energy by incineration or other thermal oxidation processes.
Incineration also has the added advantage of converting the large quantity of organic materials down to a
reduced quantity of ash residue that is disposed of in the landfill.
As cities grow in population and commerce leading to the generation of increased quantities of waste,
communities need to adopt and implement an ISWM program to manage these wastes. The composition of
municipal wastes is also shifting as lifestyles and consumption patterns change between the generations.
Industrial facilities are becoming more complex, and they are using more complex hazardous and toxic
materials to maximize profits in global markets. In many older communities, there are legacy sites where
waste has been improperly disposed of, and these sites are now exerting adverse impacts to groundwater
and drinking water aquifers. During the last few years, residents have been taking control of their
environments, and they are now requiring companies to be more responsible in how they manage their
wastes. Companies are being held accountable to fulfill their promise to be good corporate citizens in the
local communities where they operate. With the implementation ...
Challenges of solid waste management in Zimbabwe: a case study of Sakubva hig...Premier Publishers
The objectives of the study were to assess the current status on household solid waste management challenges of collection and disposal. The research employed both quantitative (in form of questionnaires) and qualitative (in form of interviews) methodologies. Field visits and observations were done on residential areas and open dumpsites. The research found that there are lots of challenges that are faced by residents and these range from collection, methods of disposal and the involvement of other key stakeholders. The results revealed that the challenges in poor refuse collection were attributed to serious shortage of refuse equipment, and shortage of proper receptacles. Recycling strategies seemed to be nonexistent as revealed by low percentages of residents who practice it. Since council does not collect waste as often as it should, residents dispose waste through the traditional and unsustainable ways such as backyard incinerator, burying, burning and illegal open dumps. With rapid urbanization, the situation is becoming critical. It was recommended that councils should extend coverage to all areas, increase their refuse collection frequency, provide receptacles to residents and raise awareness campaigns on recycling and sustainable solid waste disposal. There is need for involvement by private sector and NGOs in solid waste management.
Lesson Learned Capacity Building Phase 1Farhan Helmy
1. The document discusses capacity building for environmental management at the local government level using an urban environmental management framework and environmental management systems (EMS).
2. It describes various models for implementing EMS at the local government level, ranging from single actions to obtaining full ISO 14001 certification.
3. The document emphasizes that to effectively address urban environmental issues, local governments need to take a holistic approach that engages multiple stakeholders and considers cities as complex ecosystems rather than just as centers of population or economic activity.
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Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
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Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
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Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
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CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
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Challenges & possibe solutions to waste management
1. Gulu University
Faculty of Agriculture and Environment
AEN 3202: Environment & Waste Management
1
KABILA JONATHAN OBBO
17/U/0466/BFA/PS
What are the current challenges of waste management in our towns/municipals/cities today?
What are the possible measures that can be put forward to overcome the above
challenges?
2. Introduction
Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or
disposal, managing & monitoring of waste materials.
Town, municipal, city is an urban area that characterized by high levels of
economic development due to economic activities & high population growth.
Municipal Waste include; household waste, commercial waste, demolition
waste among others.
According to (UNEP, 2005), 2.02 billion tons of municipal solid wastes were
generated worldwide in 2006. The average quantity of municipal waste
generated in Latin America, Asia, & some African countries 400g/cap/day.
This equals approximately 30% to 40% of the daily per capita waste
generated in the United States & in western European countries
3. Challenges of waste management in urban areas
3
Inadequate coverage of the population to be served
Limited use of the recycling activities
Improper disposal of solid wastes
The dumped & collected solid wastes are not treated
Inappropriate timetable for collection of wastes
High economic costs i.e. labour & transport costs
Poor administration, procurement & planning
Poor roads & inadequate transport means
Ignorance & lack of public awareness by community members
Health & environment related problems to people in the community
Accidents & injuries during manual sorting and transporting wastes
Operational inefficiencies of solid waste services & management
Technical systems established for waste management are poorly
suited for operational requirements
5. Measures to overcome above challenges
5
Energy recovery i.e. converting waste to energy
Conversion of waste to something different e.g. composting
Reuse such refilling of soft drink bottles.
Implementation of environmental policies set by NEMA
Promoting innovation & technology such as E-waste collection
Improvement in local government administration & planning
Massive sensitization of the public through dialogues & campaigns
Incineration to completely burn the solid wastes to ash
Controlling the urban population by promoting urban-rural migration
Mechanizing the waste collection, treatment & distribution process
Recycling of wastes into other products e.g. recycling sewage into
clean water.
Integrated Waste management
Constructing improved drainage channels, waste collection points
& landfills
6. Conclusion
6
Proper waste management plays a key role in the promotion of
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) especially SDG 11 (Sustainable
Cities and Communities).
Therefore appropriate practice in waste management require a clear
definition of jurisdiction and accountability with all stakeholders
participating in system design.
As Group Three members, we pledge to contribute by directly
participating in activities that drive towards waste management well
as mobilizing other youths to take action
7. References
7
1. Owani J., Mukuye R. (2018). Local Assement Report. Local Economic
Development for Equitable Growth in Gulu and Mbale Municipalities.
United Nations Capital Development Fund, Kampala.
2. Zurbrügg, C. (2003). Urban Solid Waste Management in Low-Income
Countries. How to Cope with the Garbage Crisis, SCOPE, Durban,
South Africa.
3. The World Bank (2008). Urban Solid Waste Management.
http://go.worldbank.org/ A5TFX56L50.
Thank You