This document discusses microorganisms found in sewage treatment. It begins by describing the composition of sewage and how it provides an ideal environment for microorganism growth. It then examines the roles of various bacteria, including acetogenic, coliform, denitrifying, fermentative, and nitrifying bacteria. It also discusses archaea like methanogens, as well as algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses present in sewage treatment. The document provides examples of important microorganisms and their roles in removing pollutants from wastewater.
Methanogenesis or biomethanation is the formation of methane by microbes known as methanogens. Organisms capable of producing methane have been identified only from the domain Archaea, a group phylogenetically distinct from both eukaryotes and bacteria, although many live in close association with anaerobic bacteria.
This presentation is made for S.Y.Bsc. Students.
The presentation includes Wastewater microbiology. The presentation includes information about sources as well as methods of wastewater treatment.
introduction to the biological treatment of waste water. Part 2 will be uploaded soon. this set of slides will explain primary treatment and activated sludge system. this is for education usage only. not for any commercial use.
Methanogenesis or biomethanation is the formation of methane by microbes known as methanogens. Organisms capable of producing methane have been identified only from the domain Archaea, a group phylogenetically distinct from both eukaryotes and bacteria, although many live in close association with anaerobic bacteria.
This presentation is made for S.Y.Bsc. Students.
The presentation includes Wastewater microbiology. The presentation includes information about sources as well as methods of wastewater treatment.
introduction to the biological treatment of waste water. Part 2 will be uploaded soon. this set of slides will explain primary treatment and activated sludge system. this is for education usage only. not for any commercial use.
IntroductionDefinitionPescidesType of pesticidesFate of pesticides in environmentBiodegradation of pesticides in soil Criteria for biodegradation
Strategies for biodegradationDifferent approaches of biodegradationChemical reaction leading to biodegradationChanging the spectrum of toxicityExample of biodegradationAdvantageDisadvantage
•Introduction of bioremediation: Bioremediation refers to the process of using microorganisms to remove the environmental pollutants i.e. toxic wastes found in soil, water, air etc.
•In situ bioremediation:
It involves a direct approach for the microbial
degradation of xenobiotics at the sites of pollution
(soil, ground water).
•Types of in situ bioremediation:
Natural attenuation.
Engineered in situ bioremediation.
- Bioventing, biosparging, bioslurping,
phytoremediation.
•Ex situ bioremediation:
Waste or toxic pollutants can be collected from the polluted sites and bioremediation can be carried out at a designated place or site.
• Types of ex situ bioremediation
Land farming, windrow, biopiles, bioreactors.
•Microorganisms use in bioremediation:
A number of naturally occurring marine microbes
such as Pseudomonas sp. is capable of degrading oil and other hydrocarbons.
•Factors affecting bioremediation:
Nutrient availability, moisture content, pH, temperature, contaminant availability.
•References:
Satyanarayana U. Biotechnology. BOOKS AND ALLIED (P) Ltd.
Sharma P.D. Environmental Microbiology. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Gupta P.K. Biotechnology and Genomics. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Biotechnology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Microbiology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Willey/Sherwood/Woolverton. Prescott’s Microbiology. McGRAW-HILL INTERNATIONAL EDITION.
www.sciencedirect.com/bioremediation.
Bioremediation of heavy metals pollution by Udaykumar Pankajkumar BhanushaliUdayBhanushali111
Mechanisms and techniques used for Bioremediation which includes phytoremediation, Bacterial & fungal bioremediation. Examples of heavy metal pollution
In his PPT you will come to know about the TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTE, ITS MANAGEMENT and MICROORGANISMS INVOLVED IN THE TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTE. do like, share and follow me to get more such PPT to be uploaded.
The USEPA defines biodegradation as a process by which microbial organisms transform or alter (through metabolic or enzymatic action) the structure of chemicals introduced into the environment.
According to the definition by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the term biodegradation is “Breakdown of a substance catalyzed by enzymes in vitro or in vivo.
The term is often used in relation to ecology, waste management, biomedicine, and the natural environment (bioremediation) and is now commonly associated with environmentally friendly products that are capable of decomposing back into natural elements.
Biodegradable matter is generally organic material such as plant and animal matter and other substances originating from living organisms, or artificial materials that are similar enough to plant and animal matter to be put to use by microorganisms.
Air microbiology study of microbes suspended in air. Microflora of air depend on the location and environmental condition at particular place. There are different types of air trapping devices like Slit Sampler, Andersons samplers, Impingers etc. Air borne diseases mainly spread by droplet infection, contact with infected things . Air borne diseases are discussed and concluded with control of air borne microbes.
IntroductionDefinitionPescidesType of pesticidesFate of pesticides in environmentBiodegradation of pesticides in soil Criteria for biodegradation
Strategies for biodegradationDifferent approaches of biodegradationChemical reaction leading to biodegradationChanging the spectrum of toxicityExample of biodegradationAdvantageDisadvantage
•Introduction of bioremediation: Bioremediation refers to the process of using microorganisms to remove the environmental pollutants i.e. toxic wastes found in soil, water, air etc.
•In situ bioremediation:
It involves a direct approach for the microbial
degradation of xenobiotics at the sites of pollution
(soil, ground water).
•Types of in situ bioremediation:
Natural attenuation.
Engineered in situ bioremediation.
- Bioventing, biosparging, bioslurping,
phytoremediation.
•Ex situ bioremediation:
Waste or toxic pollutants can be collected from the polluted sites and bioremediation can be carried out at a designated place or site.
• Types of ex situ bioremediation
Land farming, windrow, biopiles, bioreactors.
•Microorganisms use in bioremediation:
A number of naturally occurring marine microbes
such as Pseudomonas sp. is capable of degrading oil and other hydrocarbons.
•Factors affecting bioremediation:
Nutrient availability, moisture content, pH, temperature, contaminant availability.
•References:
Satyanarayana U. Biotechnology. BOOKS AND ALLIED (P) Ltd.
Sharma P.D. Environmental Microbiology. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Gupta P.K. Biotechnology and Genomics. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Biotechnology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Microbiology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Willey/Sherwood/Woolverton. Prescott’s Microbiology. McGRAW-HILL INTERNATIONAL EDITION.
www.sciencedirect.com/bioremediation.
Bioremediation of heavy metals pollution by Udaykumar Pankajkumar BhanushaliUdayBhanushali111
Mechanisms and techniques used for Bioremediation which includes phytoremediation, Bacterial & fungal bioremediation. Examples of heavy metal pollution
In his PPT you will come to know about the TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTE, ITS MANAGEMENT and MICROORGANISMS INVOLVED IN THE TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTE. do like, share and follow me to get more such PPT to be uploaded.
The USEPA defines biodegradation as a process by which microbial organisms transform or alter (through metabolic or enzymatic action) the structure of chemicals introduced into the environment.
According to the definition by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the term biodegradation is “Breakdown of a substance catalyzed by enzymes in vitro or in vivo.
The term is often used in relation to ecology, waste management, biomedicine, and the natural environment (bioremediation) and is now commonly associated with environmentally friendly products that are capable of decomposing back into natural elements.
Biodegradable matter is generally organic material such as plant and animal matter and other substances originating from living organisms, or artificial materials that are similar enough to plant and animal matter to be put to use by microorganisms.
Air microbiology study of microbes suspended in air. Microflora of air depend on the location and environmental condition at particular place. There are different types of air trapping devices like Slit Sampler, Andersons samplers, Impingers etc. Air borne diseases mainly spread by droplet infection, contact with infected things . Air borne diseases are discussed and concluded with control of air borne microbes.
Despite these anomalies, microbes found in the environment are generally thought to consist of: Bacteria (including actinomycetes); Archaea ; Fungi; Protozoa; Algae; and Viruses.
Unit 7: Diversity of Soils & Sediments
LECTURE LEARNING GOALS
1. Define soils and sediment, and contrast the microbes living in each. Explain biogeochemical cycles.
2. Describe the diversity, metabolism & habitat of the five classes of the phylum Proteobacteria, including some common example species.
3. Describe the diversity, metabolism & habitat of the Gram-positive bacteria (phylua Firmicutes & Actinobacteria).
Similar to Microorganism in sewage treatment,Biodiversity and roles (20)
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Microorganism in sewage treatment,Biodiversity and roles
1. Life Science University –Lublin
semester II -2016
• Microorganism in sewage
treatment,Biodiversity and roles
• NIBAL Kh. MOUSA
• AGRICULTURE ENGINEER MANAGER
• SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHER,
• MSc. BIOTECHNOLOGY,
• Ministry of Science and Technology.
2. Introduction
Sewage is semisolid domestic and industrial form of waste. Water is
the main constituent of sewage and approximately 0.5% inorganic and
organic solid matter is suspended in this water. The composition of
sewage is very dynamic and change according to the input from
different waste sources like domestic (kitchen garbage, human excreta),
agricultural (pesticides, manure, animal excreta, rainwater runoff or
field soil) or industries (paper , textile, oil refinery, sugar factory
effluents, paint, canning, food processing, metal, mines). Depending
upon the input sources, chemically sewage is composed of carbon,
nitrogen, phosphorous, sugars, fatty acids, proteins, fats, alcohols,
amino acids, pectin, cellulose, lignocelluloses, lignin, heavy metal
residues and many other complex forms. Looking at the chemical
composition, it seems that sewage is an ideal environment for growth
microorganisms like protozoa, algae, fungi, yeasts, bacteria and viruses.
3. Microorgnism are present in sewage water treatment vats and
composing:
Bacteria.
Alge.
Fungi.
Protozoa
Viruses
Some of them used during the treatments to remove pollutants
but finally all will removed and kill.
Microorganisms
4. BACTERIA
• Bacteria at sewage can be classified according to the roles . Some bacteria
perform positive roles in the treatment of wastewater, while other bacteria
perform negative roles that contribute.
Significant Groups of sewage Bacteria
• Acetongenic bacteria Hydrolytic bacteria
• Coliforms Methane-forming bacteria
• Cyanobacteria Nitrifying bacteria
• Denitrifying bacteria Nocardioforms
• Fecal coliforms Pathogenic bacteria
• Fermentative (acid-forming) bacteria Poly-P bacteria
• Filamentous bacteria Saprophytic bacteria
• Floc-forming bacteria Sheathed bacteria
• Gliding bacteria Spirochetes
• Gram-negative aerobic cocci and rods Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria
• Gram-negative facultative anaerobic rods Sulfur-reducing bacteria
5. Acetogenic Bacteria (Example: Acetobacter)
• Members of the Acetobacteracae family produce acetate (CH3COOH) .They are
important in the degradation of soluble cBOD to methane in anaerobic digesters.
They are a special group of fermentative bacteria and convert organic acids,
alcohols, and ketones to acetate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen .Acetate is the
principle substrate used by methane-forming bacteria for the production of
methane (CH4). Important acetogenic bacteria include Acetobacter, Syntrobacter,
and Syntrophomonas.
Coliforms (Example: Escherichia)
• Members of the coliform group of bacteria are Gram-negative rods that ferment
the sugar lactose at 37°C and produce gas. The total coliform group includes these
genera of the Enterobacteriacease family: Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia,
Hafnia, Klebisella, Serratia, and Yersinai.
Denitrifying Bacteria (Example: Bacillus)
• Denitrifying bacteria are facultative anaerobic bacteria that use nitrate (NO3 − ) in
the absence of free molecular oxygen to degrade soluble cBOD. The use of nitrate
results in the return of nitrogen to the atmosphere as molecular nitrogen (N2) and
nitrous oxide (N2O). Denitrification is used to satisfy a total nitrogen discharge
requirement for a wastewater treatment plant. The most species of denitrifying
bacteria are Alcaligenes, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas.
6. Fermentative (Acid-Forming) Bacteria (Example: Proteus)
Fermentative or acid-forming (acidogenic) bacteria convert amino acids, fatty acids,
and sugars to organic acids including acetate (CH3COOH), butyrate
(CH3CH2CH2COOH), formate (HCOOH), lactate (CH3CHOHCOOH), and propionate
(CH3CH2COOH). Fermentative bacteria are important in anaerobic digesters where
they convert complex substrates to simple substrates that can be used by methane-
forming bacteria. There are numerous of fermentative bacteria: Bacteroides,
Bifidobacteria, Clostridium, Escherichia, Lactobacillus, and Proteus.
Floc-Forming Bacteria (Example: Zoogloea) N
Thier rols are in the activated sludge process, which increasing sludge age and
produce the necessary cellular components needed to stick together , and include
Achromobacter, Aerobacter, Citromonas, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and
Zoogloea.
7. Filamentous Bacteria (Example: Haliscomenobacter) N
The organisms that contribute to settleability problems in activated sludge processes
due to their rapid and undesired growth and are responsible for most bulking
episodes, also due to contribute the degradation of soluble cBOD and floc
formation.The most commonly bacteria are Haliscomenobacter , Microthrix,
Nocardioforms, Sphaerotilus, Thiothrix, type 0041, type 0092, type 0675, type 1701,
and type 021N.
Gliding Bacteria (Example: Beggiatoa) N
There are three motile or gliding filamentous organisms in the activated sludge
process that contribute to settleability problems. These organisms are Beggiatoa,
Flexibacter, and Thiothrix
8. Gram-Negative, Aerobic Cocci and Rods (Example: Acetobacter)
• They make up approximately 20% of the bacteria in the activated sludge process.
They are involved in biological phosphorus removal, degradation of soluble
cBOD, floc formation, and nitrification. Generally include Acetobacter,
Acinetobacter, Alcaligens, Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas, Pseudomonas, and
Zoogloea.
Methane-Forming Bacteria (Example: Methanobacterium)
• Methane-forming bacteria or methanogens produce methane (CH4) from a
limited number of substrates in anaerobic digesters. Examples of bacteria
include Methanobacterium, Methanococcus, Methanomonas, and
Methanosarcinia.
Nitrifying Bacteria (Example: Nitrosomonas)
• Nitrifying bacteria are strict aerobes. They oxidize ionized ammonia (NH4 + ) to
nitrite (NO2 − ) and oxidize nitrite to nitrate (NO3 − ). Bacteria that oxidize
ionized ammonia include Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira. Bacteria that oxidize
nitrite include Nitrobacter and Nitrospira.
9. Gram-Negative, Facultative Anaerobic Rods (Example: Escherichia)
• They are involved with biological phosphorus removal, acetate production,
acid production, degradation of soluble cBOD, denitrification, floc formation,
and hydrolysis of cBOD ,include Aeromonas, Escherichia, Flavobacterium,
Klebsiella, Proteus, and Salmonella.
Hydrolytic Bacteria (Example: Bacteriodes)
• Numerous facultative anaerobic bacteria make up the hydrolytic bacteria.
They produce exoenzymes that solubilize complex insoluble substrates into
simple soluble substrates and can be absorbed and degraded by larger
number of bacteriasuch as :Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Clostridium.
Poly-P Bacteria (Example: Acinobacter)
• Poly-P bacteria or phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO) are used in
biological phosphorus removal units. By recycling the bacteria through
anaerobic and aerobic zones, the bacteria remove orthophosphate (H2PO4 −
/HPO4 2− ) from the wastewater in quantities greater than normal cellular
needs, include Acinobacter, Aerobacter, Beggiatoa, Enterobacter, and
Proteobacter.
11. Alge-Cynobacteria
• Members of cyanobacteria are photosynthetic
bacteria. Before their procaryotic cell structure
was recognized, they were considered to be blue-
green algae. Cyanobacteria may be found as
individual cells (Chlorella) or a chain of cells
(Oscillatoria). Some of cyanobacteria occur in the
activated sludge process and may contribute to
settleability problems. Examples of cyanobacteria
include Anabaena, Chlorella, Euglena , and
Oscillatoria.
13. Fungi
Fungi usually are saprophytic organisms and are classified
by their mode of reproduction. As saprophytes they obtain their
nourishment from the degradation of dead organic matter. Most
fungi are free-living and include yeast, molds, and mushrooms.
In sewage can find filamentous fungte such as:Pencillium
,Trichoderma and Spicaria .These are produced phosphate ,an
enzyme that release orthrophosphate from phosphorus –
containing compounds,which is readily available phosphorous
nutrient for bacterial growth and energy transfer.
Yeast The presence of large amounts of yeast in the sewage can
indicate a low pH, the existence of fermentative conditions, or a
severe phosphorous deficiency. Raising the pH above 7 will
usually make the yeast disappear.
15. Protozoa
• Several types of protozoa such as: amoebae, ciliates, and flagellates
are found present throughout the entire sewage water treatment
process.
• They play a predatory role in removing bacteria, other protozoa, and
several small particles.
• Larger forms of amoebae eat ciliates and flagellates as well as smaller
amoebae feed primarily on bacteria.
Giardia lamblia is a waterborne pathogen found in sewage water, enters
the water supply through contamination by fecal matter. It is aparasite
Cryptosporidium is waterborne pathogenic bacterium found in
wastewater.
17. Viruses
Enterovirus and rotavirus, are excellent indicators of human fecal
contamination in wastewater evident and association with human
infections.
viruses can also be found throughout the process of sewage water
treatment.
Enteroviruses and rotaviruses are detected in sewage using living cells
as hosts due to the fact that viruses are obligate intracellular parasites
which need living cells to be able to replicate.
