This document defines different types of waste and provides details about several categories. It discusses industrial waste, municipal waste, medical waste, agricultural waste, radioactive waste, and hazardous waste. For each type of waste, it describes the materials that are included and examples. It also explains how waste is generated from various sources like households, commercial establishments, and industrial and agricultural processes.
Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community activities.
First presentation of my whole life, That's i want to share with you people. I think this presentation (SECONDARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT) may fulfill your requirement.
Actually when my teacher told me about our assignment I was felling nervous because I've never done this type of thing. when she asked one of my classmate to upload his PPT in class common email-ID, then I felt very bad !!!! not on their success but because I COULDN'T. At that time i promised to myself and with the co-ordination of my group member MR. AYUSH GOVIL, MISS. VERSHA DABAS, MISS KRITI SINGHAL and myself RISHAW KUMAR (TIWARI). And finally i got not only me, we winzzzzz.
thanx to,
Dr. TANNU ALLEN (our prof.)
and special thanx to my group member and my classmate. and you guys also.
This presentation gives information about Incineration method. A waste treatment technology, which includes the combustion of waste for recovering energy, is called as “incineration”. Incineration coupled with high temperature waste treatments are recognized as thermal treatments.
Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat.
Incineration reduces the mass of the waste from 95 to 96 percent.
Types of incinerators
Advantages of Incineration
Disadvantages of Incineration
Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community activities.
First presentation of my whole life, That's i want to share with you people. I think this presentation (SECONDARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT) may fulfill your requirement.
Actually when my teacher told me about our assignment I was felling nervous because I've never done this type of thing. when she asked one of my classmate to upload his PPT in class common email-ID, then I felt very bad !!!! not on their success but because I COULDN'T. At that time i promised to myself and with the co-ordination of my group member MR. AYUSH GOVIL, MISS. VERSHA DABAS, MISS KRITI SINGHAL and myself RISHAW KUMAR (TIWARI). And finally i got not only me, we winzzzzz.
thanx to,
Dr. TANNU ALLEN (our prof.)
and special thanx to my group member and my classmate. and you guys also.
This presentation gives information about Incineration method. A waste treatment technology, which includes the combustion of waste for recovering energy, is called as “incineration”. Incineration coupled with high temperature waste treatments are recognized as thermal treatments.
Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat.
Incineration reduces the mass of the waste from 95 to 96 percent.
Types of incinerators
Advantages of Incineration
Disadvantages of Incineration
Any material that is discarded ,useless or unwanted is considered as waste
Waste management is the collection, transport , processing, recycling or disposal and monitoring of waste materials
Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, junk, litter, and ort) is unwanted or useless materials. In biology, waste is any of the many unwanted substances or toxins that are expelled from living organisms, metabolic waste; such as urea and sweat.
Based on the mode of action, the major food preservation techniques can be categorized as: (1) slowing down or inhibiting chemical deterioration and microbial growth, (2) directly inactivating bacteria, yeasts, molds, or enzymes, and (3) avoiding recontamination before and after processing.
Non Hazardous waste management technologies-environmental biotechnologykanimozhisornalingam
Non Hazardous waste management technologies
Non-hazardous waste is any type of industrial waste cannot be added to a dumpster or sewage line.
It includes paper, wood, plastics, glass, metals, and chemicals, as well as other materials generated by industrial, commercial, agricultural, and residential sources.
Even though these wastes are not defined as hazardous, improper management of them poses significant risks to environment and human health.
Therefore, the handling, transport, and disposal of nonhazardous wastes is regulated by the government, largely at the state and local level.
Agricultural wastes are made up primarily of organic-based wastes, such as livestock manure, urine, and bedding material.
Construction and demolition (C&D) debris is a non-hazardous waste stream generated from the construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings, roads, and bridges.
Medical waste attracted widespread attention in the mid-1980s
Sources are health care facilities, medical research facilities, veterinary clinics, and medical laboratories.
The EPA included a list of six wastes deemed "special wastes" and exempted them from classification as hazardous wastes until further studies could be conducted.
Cement kiln dust, wastes generated FROM production of crude oil, natural gas, and geothermal energy.
Landfills are areas where MSW waste is placed into and onto the land.
Even though some landfilled organic wastes will decompose, many of the wastes in MSW are not biodegradable.
Landfills provide a centralized location in which these wastes can be contained.
A new approach is offered in bioreactor landfills—landfills in which moisture is purposely added to accelerate biodegradation.
Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of any component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life or property.
Pollution: The term pollution can be defined as influence of any substance causing nuisance, harmful effects, and uneasiness to the organisms
Pollutant:- Any substance causing Nuisance or harmful effects or uneasiness to the organisms, then that particular substance may be called as the pollutant.
WATER POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
LAND and SOIL POLLUTION
MARIN POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION
THERMAL POLLUTION
NUCLEAR HAZARDS
Water Pollution can be defined as alteration in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of water through natural or human activities and making it unsuitable for its designated use.
Fresh Water present on the earth surface is put to many uses. It is used for drinking, domestic and municipal uses, agricultural, irrigation, industries, navigation, recreation. The used water becomes contaminated and is called waste water.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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5. WHAT IS WASTE???????
Waste and wastes are unwanted or unusable
materials.
Waste is any substance which is discarded after
primary use, or it is worthless, defective and of no
use.
6. HOW WASTE IS GENERATE???
Wastes are generated from variety of sources viz ,
household ,commercial establishments, industrial
processes, agricultural practices and from others.
Waste is generated in small , medium and large
cities and towns are about 0.1kg,0.3-
0.4kg,and0.5kg per day respectively.
7. INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Industrial waste is the waste produced
by industrial activity which includes any
material that is rendered useless during a
manufacturing process such as that
of factories, mills, and mining operations
It has existed since the start of the Industrial
Revolution.
Some examples of industrial wastes
are chemical solvents, paints, sandpaper,
paper products, industrial by-products,
metals, and radioactive wastes
8. Toxic waste, chemical waste, industrial solid waste
and municipal solid waste are designations of
industrial wastes.
Sewage treatment plants can treat some industrial
wastes, i.e. those consisting of conventional
pollutants such as biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD).
Industrial wastes containing toxic pollutants require
specialized treatment systems.
10. MINNING
Like the majority of human activities,
mining operations produce waste
materials.
“Waste” is a general term for material which
currently has little or no economic value.
The soil and rock which is removed to gain
access to buried ore, and the material
(water, solids, and gases) left behind after
the ore has been processed to remove the
valuable commodities, are considered to be
waste materials.
11. However, the difference in mineral content between
ore and waste rock can change depending on
market conditions and available extraction
technology, and there are a number of cases where
material that was once considered waste has
become a resource for modern mining operations.
12. COAL COMBUSTION
Combustion is a rapid chemical reaction
between fuel and oxygen. When
combustible elements of fuel combine
with O2, heat energy comes out.
During combustion combustible
elements like Carbon, Sulfur, Hydrogen
etc combine with oxygen and produce respective
oxides.
The source of oxygen in fuel combustion is air.
By volume there is 21 % of Oxygen presents in
air and by weight it is 23.2 %.
13. Although there is 79 % (by volume) nitrogen in air
but it plays no role in combustion. Actually Nitrogen
carries heat produced during combustion to steam
boiler stack.
As per combustion theory the quantity of air
required for combustion is that which provides
sufficient O2 to completely oxidize combustible
elements of fuel. This quantity of air is normally
known as STOICHIOMETRIC AIR requirement.
This amount of air depends upon the nature of fuel.
14. OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION
Production is the operation that brings
hydrocarbons to the surface and
prepares them for processing.
Production begins after the well is drilled.
The mixture of oil, gas and water from the
well is separated on the surface.
The water is disposed of and the oil and gas
are treated, measured, and tested. Production
operations include bringing the oil and gas to
the surface, maintaining production, and
purifying, measuring, and testing.
15. The petroleum industry include the global
processes of exploration, extraction, refining,
transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and
marketing petroleum products.
The largest volume products of the industry are fuel
oil and gasoline (petrol). Petroleum (oil) is also the
raw material for many chemical products, including
pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, and
plastics.
The industry is usually divided into three major
components: upstream, midstream and downstream
16.
17. MUNICIPAL WASTE
MSW is defined as any waste generated
by household, commercial and/or
institutional activities and is not
hazardous
Municipal solid waste (MSW),
commonly known as trash or garbage in
the U.S. and as refuse or rubbish in the
UK, is a waste type consisting of
everyday items that are discarded by
the public. “
Garbage" can also refer specifically to
food waste, as in a garbagedisposal;
the two are sometimes collected
separately.
18. Depending upon the source, MSW is categorized into
three types A.
Residential or household waste which arises from
domestic areas from individual houses;
B. commercial wastes and/or institutional wastes
which arise from individually larger sources of
MSW like hotels, office buildings, schools, etc.;
municipal services wastes which arise from area
sources like streets, parks, etc. MSW usually
contains food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics,
textiles, glass, metals, wood, street sweepings,
landscape and tree trimmings, general wastes
from parks, beaches, and other recreational areas
. Sometimes other household wastes like batteries
and consumer electronics also get mixed up with
MSW
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24. HAZARDOUS WASTE
A material is a HAZARDOUS WASTE if due to its
quantity, concentration, physical, chemical or
infectious characteristics it possesses a substantial
present,or potential hazard to human health and
environment and has no use
25.
26. RADIOACTIVE WASTE
Radioactive waste is any material
that is either radioactive itself or is
contaminated by radioactivity, for
which no further use is envisaged.
Government policy means that
certain nuclear materials such as
uranium, plutonium and
spent nuclear fuel have not been
declared as wastes by their owners.
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30. CONCLUSION
A continuing rise in the rate of waste production is
no longer acceptable – hazardous waste affects the
health of millions of people and poisons large areas
of our planet.
In many places people live surrounded by garbage
and landfills.
It is essential that governments and corporations
face up to waste, using what we know about
reduction, recycling and reuse, but also developing
new technologies that eliminate waste.