Factors Affecting Plastic Waste Management in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State N...ijtsrd
Plastic waste ubiquity in the environment poses lots of threats to the ecosystem. The improper management of these wastes has led to the deterioration of the aesthetic beauty of the environment, blocking of drainage systems thereby causing an overflow of water, loss of aquatic life, reduction of soil fertility, pollution of water bodies. Therefore this study was aimed at determining the factors affecting plastic waste management in Enugu Metropolis using a survey design method. Data obtained were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis PCA . Results showed that governmental, attitudinal, political, and economic factors are the factors that affect plastic waste management in Enugu Metropolis. Attitudinal change by the public towards the use of plastic products and management of its corresponding waste is necessary. This can be achieved through awareness creation on the environmental impact of plastic waste. Enactment of strong policies on plastic waste by the government, with the implementation of strict enforcement restraining orders, is fundamental. Onyebueke, Ogechukwu O | Onwuka, Shalom U "Factors Affecting Plastic Waste Management in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35885.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/35885/factors-affecting-plastic-waste-management-in-enugu-metropolis-enugu-state-nigeria/onyebueke-ogechukwu-o
Challenges of solid waste management in Zimbabwe: a case study of Sakubva hig...Premier Publishers
The objectives of the study were to assess the current status on household solid waste management challenges of collection and disposal. The research employed both quantitative (in form of questionnaires) and qualitative (in form of interviews) methodologies. Field visits and observations were done on residential areas and open dumpsites. The research found that there are lots of challenges that are faced by residents and these range from collection, methods of disposal and the involvement of other key stakeholders. The results revealed that the challenges in poor refuse collection were attributed to serious shortage of refuse equipment, and shortage of proper receptacles. Recycling strategies seemed to be nonexistent as revealed by low percentages of residents who practice it. Since council does not collect waste as often as it should, residents dispose waste through the traditional and unsustainable ways such as backyard incinerator, burying, burning and illegal open dumps. With rapid urbanization, the situation is becoming critical. It was recommended that councils should extend coverage to all areas, increase their refuse collection frequency, provide receptacles to residents and raise awareness campaigns on recycling and sustainable solid waste disposal. There is need for involvement by private sector and NGOs in solid waste management.
Survey of Household Solid Waste Management and Waste Minimization in Malaysia...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This document discusses a survey of household solid waste management in Malaysia. The survey examined household awareness and practices related to waste collection and minimization. Key findings include:
- Most respondents (74%) were aware that waste management had been privatized, though many did not know the name of the concessionaire. Knowledge of collection schedules was lower, with only 43% aware that collection occurred twice weekly.
- Respondents generally had good knowledge of waste issues and health consequences but complained that collection schedules were often not adhered to. Lack of awareness, knowledge and enforcement were seen as major causes of waste problems.
- Facilities and services for waste minimization like reuse, recycling and composting were felt
Challenges of solid waste management in zimbabwe a case study of sakubva hig...charlschoto
This document summarizes a study on the challenges of solid waste management in Sakubva, a high-density suburb of Mutare, Zimbabwe. The study found several challenges: poor refuse collection due to shortages of equipment and proper receptacles; low rates of recycling; and residents resorting to unsustainable waste disposal like burning and dumping due to infrequent council collection. Rapid urbanization is exacerbating the problems. The researchers recommend the council improve collection coverage and frequency, provide more receptacles, increase recycling awareness, and involve the private sector and NGOs more in management.
Efficiency of Municipal Solid Waste Management Service Delivery System and Po...Premier Publishers
Municipal SWM problems are coming to the forefront of the global environmental agenda at an increasing frequency and becoming more pronounced in recent years, as a result of inadequate collection and disposal of wastes in cities, especially; in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of municipal solid waste management service delivery system and policy issues in Debre Markos town through field visit, discussions with residents and staffs of municipal administration. The Findings showed that, the municipality lacks institutional, financial and technical capacities. Solid waste collection and disposal services are inadequate and waste was disposed improperly which creates unhealthy environment. For effective solid waste management, there should be proper service delivery system with qualified personnel, modern vehicles and equipment. There should also be improvement of institutional structure and implementation of integrated MSWM involving private service providers and other stakeholders.
Assessment of Existing Solid Waste management Practices and Challenges: The C...mowlid hassan hirsi
Solid waste is one of the most common challenges faced by many different countries. However, developing countries are suffering more than the developed countries when it comes to managing solid waste management. Jig-jiga City, like other cities in developing countries, faces problems associated with poorly managed solid waste operation. The study concerns about the Assessment of the current solid waste management and practices and challenges. The survey was conducted in 03 from commercial areas and 06 from residential area with total sample size of 298 households. Different sampling methods were employed to select the study units including: stratified sampling, systematic random sampling, and purposive sampling. Though the bulk of the data collected were qualitative in nature, it was also supported by quantitative information collected through survey and secondary sources. The study discovered that there is low performance of SWM in the city mainly due to: lack of properly designed collection system and time schedule, inadequate and malfunctioning operation equipment, open burning of refuse, poor condition of the final dumpsite and less awareness creation among community which encouraged illegal dumping are the technical problem identified. Insufficient budget and funds as well as lack of promotion on waste reduction, recycling, absence of waste recovery, practice of energy option, waste separation and composting are among the management challenges facing the city. Social problems encountered include: lack of public awareness, unwillingness to pay, ill dumping manner (often around residence and any open spaces) and improper outlook for waste workers. Incompetence of organizations in terms of equipment required for operation and man power /staff qualifications, training and human resource developments and unreliable service are the institutional challenge that the city encountered in the sector. Finally, the study forwarded some important recommendations towards improving the waste management practice.
This document describes a field experiment conducted in Delhi, India to test the effectiveness of different policies for reducing plastic bag usage. The researchers tested interventions including providing information about alternatives to plastic bags, a cash-back scheme for using non-plastic bags, and providing bag substitutes. They found that these interventions significantly increased use of reusable bags, reducing plastic bag usage from 80.8% to 57.1% of consumers on average. The study concludes that in developing countries where enforcement of bans may be difficult, a combination of low-cost incentives and information campaigns could be more effective than a blanket ban alone at changing consumer behavior and reducing plastic waste.
Factors Affecting Plastic Waste Management in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State N...ijtsrd
Plastic waste ubiquity in the environment poses lots of threats to the ecosystem. The improper management of these wastes has led to the deterioration of the aesthetic beauty of the environment, blocking of drainage systems thereby causing an overflow of water, loss of aquatic life, reduction of soil fertility, pollution of water bodies. Therefore this study was aimed at determining the factors affecting plastic waste management in Enugu Metropolis using a survey design method. Data obtained were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis PCA . Results showed that governmental, attitudinal, political, and economic factors are the factors that affect plastic waste management in Enugu Metropolis. Attitudinal change by the public towards the use of plastic products and management of its corresponding waste is necessary. This can be achieved through awareness creation on the environmental impact of plastic waste. Enactment of strong policies on plastic waste by the government, with the implementation of strict enforcement restraining orders, is fundamental. Onyebueke, Ogechukwu O | Onwuka, Shalom U "Factors Affecting Plastic Waste Management in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35885.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/35885/factors-affecting-plastic-waste-management-in-enugu-metropolis-enugu-state-nigeria/onyebueke-ogechukwu-o
Challenges of solid waste management in Zimbabwe: a case study of Sakubva hig...Premier Publishers
The objectives of the study were to assess the current status on household solid waste management challenges of collection and disposal. The research employed both quantitative (in form of questionnaires) and qualitative (in form of interviews) methodologies. Field visits and observations were done on residential areas and open dumpsites. The research found that there are lots of challenges that are faced by residents and these range from collection, methods of disposal and the involvement of other key stakeholders. The results revealed that the challenges in poor refuse collection were attributed to serious shortage of refuse equipment, and shortage of proper receptacles. Recycling strategies seemed to be nonexistent as revealed by low percentages of residents who practice it. Since council does not collect waste as often as it should, residents dispose waste through the traditional and unsustainable ways such as backyard incinerator, burying, burning and illegal open dumps. With rapid urbanization, the situation is becoming critical. It was recommended that councils should extend coverage to all areas, increase their refuse collection frequency, provide receptacles to residents and raise awareness campaigns on recycling and sustainable solid waste disposal. There is need for involvement by private sector and NGOs in solid waste management.
Survey of Household Solid Waste Management and Waste Minimization in Malaysia...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This document discusses a survey of household solid waste management in Malaysia. The survey examined household awareness and practices related to waste collection and minimization. Key findings include:
- Most respondents (74%) were aware that waste management had been privatized, though many did not know the name of the concessionaire. Knowledge of collection schedules was lower, with only 43% aware that collection occurred twice weekly.
- Respondents generally had good knowledge of waste issues and health consequences but complained that collection schedules were often not adhered to. Lack of awareness, knowledge and enforcement were seen as major causes of waste problems.
- Facilities and services for waste minimization like reuse, recycling and composting were felt
Challenges of solid waste management in zimbabwe a case study of sakubva hig...charlschoto
This document summarizes a study on the challenges of solid waste management in Sakubva, a high-density suburb of Mutare, Zimbabwe. The study found several challenges: poor refuse collection due to shortages of equipment and proper receptacles; low rates of recycling; and residents resorting to unsustainable waste disposal like burning and dumping due to infrequent council collection. Rapid urbanization is exacerbating the problems. The researchers recommend the council improve collection coverage and frequency, provide more receptacles, increase recycling awareness, and involve the private sector and NGOs more in management.
Efficiency of Municipal Solid Waste Management Service Delivery System and Po...Premier Publishers
Municipal SWM problems are coming to the forefront of the global environmental agenda at an increasing frequency and becoming more pronounced in recent years, as a result of inadequate collection and disposal of wastes in cities, especially; in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of municipal solid waste management service delivery system and policy issues in Debre Markos town through field visit, discussions with residents and staffs of municipal administration. The Findings showed that, the municipality lacks institutional, financial and technical capacities. Solid waste collection and disposal services are inadequate and waste was disposed improperly which creates unhealthy environment. For effective solid waste management, there should be proper service delivery system with qualified personnel, modern vehicles and equipment. There should also be improvement of institutional structure and implementation of integrated MSWM involving private service providers and other stakeholders.
Assessment of Existing Solid Waste management Practices and Challenges: The C...mowlid hassan hirsi
Solid waste is one of the most common challenges faced by many different countries. However, developing countries are suffering more than the developed countries when it comes to managing solid waste management. Jig-jiga City, like other cities in developing countries, faces problems associated with poorly managed solid waste operation. The study concerns about the Assessment of the current solid waste management and practices and challenges. The survey was conducted in 03 from commercial areas and 06 from residential area with total sample size of 298 households. Different sampling methods were employed to select the study units including: stratified sampling, systematic random sampling, and purposive sampling. Though the bulk of the data collected were qualitative in nature, it was also supported by quantitative information collected through survey and secondary sources. The study discovered that there is low performance of SWM in the city mainly due to: lack of properly designed collection system and time schedule, inadequate and malfunctioning operation equipment, open burning of refuse, poor condition of the final dumpsite and less awareness creation among community which encouraged illegal dumping are the technical problem identified. Insufficient budget and funds as well as lack of promotion on waste reduction, recycling, absence of waste recovery, practice of energy option, waste separation and composting are among the management challenges facing the city. Social problems encountered include: lack of public awareness, unwillingness to pay, ill dumping manner (often around residence and any open spaces) and improper outlook for waste workers. Incompetence of organizations in terms of equipment required for operation and man power /staff qualifications, training and human resource developments and unreliable service are the institutional challenge that the city encountered in the sector. Finally, the study forwarded some important recommendations towards improving the waste management practice.
This document describes a field experiment conducted in Delhi, India to test the effectiveness of different policies for reducing plastic bag usage. The researchers tested interventions including providing information about alternatives to plastic bags, a cash-back scheme for using non-plastic bags, and providing bag substitutes. They found that these interventions significantly increased use of reusable bags, reducing plastic bag usage from 80.8% to 57.1% of consumers on average. The study concludes that in developing countries where enforcement of bans may be difficult, a combination of low-cost incentives and information campaigns could be more effective than a blanket ban alone at changing consumer behavior and reducing plastic waste.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Ijaems apr-2016-27 Public-Private Partnership Approach to Governance of Solid...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This research intended to determine the performance of the PPP Approach to governance in the Solid Waste Management Program of Batangas City. It utilized descriptive research design involving 393 urban and rural households. The tasks of solid waste collection and disposal were given to a private contractor based on a mutually agreed Terms of Reference. The PPP approach was found efficient in terms of cost efficiency, quick response time, manpower, and minimization of backlogs and effective in four dimensions – promptness, sustainability, equity and progressiveness, and ineffective on adequacy. Rural residents viewed the PPP approach as ineffective in terms of said dimensions. There is significant difference between the perception of urban and rural residents on the effectiveness of the PPP approach. The results of this study would seem to suggest that in developing countries, like the Philippines, it might be necessary to tap the private sector to partner with local government units, so that the management of solid wastes could be done in a more efficient and a more effective way.
Solid waste management practices of households in the university of eastern p...Alexander Decker
This academic article summarizes a study on solid waste management practices of households in the University of Eastern Philippines. The study found that the types of waste generated differed between households, with plastics being the primary waste in one zone and kitchen waste predominant in two other zones. Waste collection was generally regular but with varying schedules between zones. Identified problems included insufficient waste collection equipment, lack of proper disposal practices and government support. Recommendations included improving waste separation and collection, educating communities, and exploring composting and recycling options.
1. alternative approaches for better municipal solid waste management in indiaUmmi Khairia
1) The document explores alternative approaches to municipal solid waste management in Mumbai, India, comparing the costs of community participation, public-private partnerships, and management solely by the municipal corporation.
2) It finds that community participation, in which local organizations and NGOs work with the community and municipal corporation, has the lowest cost per ton of waste management at Rs. 1518 (US$35).
3) Management solely by the municipal corporation has the highest cost at Rs. 1908 (US$44) per ton. Public-private partnerships fall in between at Rs. 1797 (US$41) per ton.
Environmental issues in the context of urban povetyMahtabAlam80
This document discusses environmental issues related to urban poverty. It covers five dimensions of urban poverty: income, health, education, security, and empowerment. It also examines how pollution, lack of sanitation and natural disasters affect the health of urban poor populations. The document provides frameworks for understanding the relationship between urban poverty and environmental problems. It explores strategies for governments, private sectors and other actors to improve environmental conditions and reduce the impacts of environmental hazards on vulnerable urban communities.
The Environmental and Socio-Economic Implication of Residential Buildings in...ty0385
The Environmental and Sociology-Economic Implication of Residential Buildings in Proximate Distance to Landfill Site. A Case of Olusosun Landfill Site, Ojota Lagos Nigeria.
Effect of Knowledge of Green Procurement on Implementation of Green Public Pr...paperpublications3
Abstract: Procurement of vast amounts of goods and services by public secondary schools in Kenya is increasingly raising concern over the products’ impact on the environment. The schools control huge budgets approximated at Kenya shillings 120 billion annually. Thus their impact on the environment cannot be underrated. However, it remains a matter of serious concern that green public procurement has not been embraced by the public secondary schools. It is in this regard that it became imperative to undertake a research to investigate effects of knowledge of green procurement on implementation of green public procurement in public secondary schools in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive research design. The target population was 1032 public secondary schools procurement personnel in various procurement committees. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to obtain a sample size of 278 respondents. A closed ended questionnaire was used for data collection. The study attained a response rate of 65%. Using the mean, the variables of interest, that is, knowledge of green procurement and implementation of green procurement was scored below average by the respondents. The study found a significant positive correlation between knowledge of green procurement and implementation of green public procurement (r = .723, p˂.05) at 95% confidence level. In conclusion, the study endorsed the validity of using knowledge of green procurement, as interventions in the implementation of green public procurement. Further study was recommended on the factors affecting implementation of green public procurement using more rigorous inferential statistics.
Ijaems apr-2016-26 Development and Validation of Responsible Environmental Be...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure undergraduate students’ responsible environmental behavior towards solid waste management. Data gathered from 418 undergraduate students provided evidence for validity and reliability of the new instrument consists of 34 behavior items on a six point Likert type scale. Results of the factor analysis with varimax rotation showed that items constituting Responsible Environmental Behavior Scale towards Solid Waste Management (REBS – SWM) were grouped under three subscales: (1) Personality factors; (2) Knowledge on action strategy; and (3) Knowledge on issues. Each item had a factor loading of 0.40 or above with its own scale and the alpha reliability coefficient for all of the three subscales was 0.81. Thus, REBS – SWM is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in the field of environmental and science education and can be used as basis for management of wastes in school setting.
This document summarizes a study on inclusive stakeholder participation for sustaining dry sanitation solutions in Madimba, Zambia. The study found that stakeholder engagement and participation is key to project success and sustainability. In Madimba, the Network for Environmental Concerns and Solutions (NECOS) engaged in participatory research, analysis of community needs and concerns, and capacity building initiatives. Best practices for sustainability included integrating indigenous knowledge, artisanal training, entrepreneurship programs, and partnerships. However, challenges remained regarding cultural acceptance and addressing socioeconomic factors at the community level.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
A presentation from Diego Thomspon, a PhD candidate of Iowa State University, on how governing environmental stresses can be helpful to communities (specifically, the community of Southwestern Uruguay). What do we mean by environmental stresses? Things like land use and climate change, which are often controlled by the government.
Plastics, the costs to societyand the environmentPatrickTanz
This document summarizes a report about the costs of plastic to society, the environment, and the economy. It finds that the lifetime cost of plastic produced in 2019 will be at least $3.7 trillion, more than the GDP of India. This cost is much higher than the market price paid for plastic, which fails to account for costs across the plastic lifecycle like greenhouse gas emissions, waste management, and environmental damage from plastic pollution. Without action, the lifetime costs of plastic produced in 2040 could reach over $7 trillion due to expected increases in plastic production. The report calls for governments and industries to take urgent action through policies, regulations, and international agreements to address the plastic crisis and internalize the true costs of plastic
Behaviour analysis of riverbank society on pollution of water quality in cili...Alexander Decker
1. The study analyzed water pollution in the Ciliwung River downstream in Jakarta and factors affecting people's behaviors in utilizing and conserving water quality.
2. Laboratory tests found household activities to be the major contributor to pollution, with domestic waste increasing levels of BOD, pH, TSS, oil content, and fat rates.
3. The results showed both direct and indirect influences between variables of riverside society behavior and existing pollution. Effective pollution control requires considering community participation in management.
Hospital wastes pose a significant impact on health and environment. From this study it can be said that there is an urgent need for raising awareness and education on medical waste issues. Proper waste management strategy is needed to ensure health and environmental safety. by Nimbalkar Girajaram Swamirao, Chavan Rdhul Tulashiram, Pedasangi Sachin Chandrakant and Mr. Ghatage S. A 2018. Hospital Waste Disposal. International Journal on Integrated Education. 1, 1 (Dec. 2018), 88-93 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/791/760 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/791
The document discusses integrated solid waste management for sustainable development in Kalmunai Municipality. It introduces integrated solid waste management and sustainable development. It discusses the relationship between the two concepts and notes that proper waste management is key to environmental sustainability. The study aims to assess the significance of integrated solid waste management for sustainable development in the municipality, which currently struggles without a proper landfill and has not achieved recycling targets. The methodology, data analysis, recommendations are also summarized.
Awareness, Attitudes, Barriers, And Drivers Towards Adoption Of Low-Waste, Su...Ajinkya Chikte
- The document discusses a study on awareness, attitudes, barriers, and drivers towards adoption of low-waste and sustainable lifestyle solutions among middle-class Indian consumers.
- It finds that awareness of waste issues does not greatly affect intent or purchase of sustainable products. Demographic and psychographic factors are more influential.
- The assumptions of the Homebox Express sustainable subscription service were incorrect. Marketing needs to be realigned based on the new findings and deeper qualitative research is needed.
Scavenging as a solid waste management option helps in the reduction of quantum of wastes at dumpsites and expands the life span of landfills. The objective of this paper is to conduct a review of previous works on scavenging as a means of environmental management. The method used is a review of academic/journal articles, internet materials, conference papers and publicly available materials on scavenging as a means of environmental management. Previous authors had a unity of opinion that scavengers recover reusable and recyclables materials (eg. plastics, papers, scraps metals, aluminium) which serve as sources of income for livelihoods. Recommendations of the study includes: (1) safety awareness and health education should be provided to reduce the occupational hazards the scavengers are exposed to in the course of their scavenging activities; (2) people should be made to see scavengers as partners in progress in environmental management which is a collective enterprise; and (3) grants should be given to scavengers to encourage them expand their business considering the role they play in waste management.
This document discusses recycling and environmental protection efforts. It includes:
- An overview of a Comenius project from 2012-2014 focused on recycling and making the world cleaner.
- Background information on recycling, including what items can be recycled and how recycling benefits the environment.
- Details about Latvijas Zaļais punkts, the largest organization in Latvia responsible for recycling packaging, electronics, and other materials on behalf of companies.
- Examples of recycling activities that could be done by children and teachers, such as decorating tin cans, making paper from recycled materials, and using online resources to find information about recycling.
Mulugeta Bantigegn, Achenef Motbainor and Teferi Mekonnon,“Onsite Proper Solid Waste Handling Practices and Associated Factors Among Condominium Residents in Debre-Markos Town, East Gojjam Zone, North West Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT), Volume 01, Issue 06, pp. 01-11, 2020. https://uijrt.com/articles/v1i6/UIJRTV1I60001.pdf
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Ijaems apr-2016-27 Public-Private Partnership Approach to Governance of Solid...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This research intended to determine the performance of the PPP Approach to governance in the Solid Waste Management Program of Batangas City. It utilized descriptive research design involving 393 urban and rural households. The tasks of solid waste collection and disposal were given to a private contractor based on a mutually agreed Terms of Reference. The PPP approach was found efficient in terms of cost efficiency, quick response time, manpower, and minimization of backlogs and effective in four dimensions – promptness, sustainability, equity and progressiveness, and ineffective on adequacy. Rural residents viewed the PPP approach as ineffective in terms of said dimensions. There is significant difference between the perception of urban and rural residents on the effectiveness of the PPP approach. The results of this study would seem to suggest that in developing countries, like the Philippines, it might be necessary to tap the private sector to partner with local government units, so that the management of solid wastes could be done in a more efficient and a more effective way.
Solid waste management practices of households in the university of eastern p...Alexander Decker
This academic article summarizes a study on solid waste management practices of households in the University of Eastern Philippines. The study found that the types of waste generated differed between households, with plastics being the primary waste in one zone and kitchen waste predominant in two other zones. Waste collection was generally regular but with varying schedules between zones. Identified problems included insufficient waste collection equipment, lack of proper disposal practices and government support. Recommendations included improving waste separation and collection, educating communities, and exploring composting and recycling options.
1. alternative approaches for better municipal solid waste management in indiaUmmi Khairia
1) The document explores alternative approaches to municipal solid waste management in Mumbai, India, comparing the costs of community participation, public-private partnerships, and management solely by the municipal corporation.
2) It finds that community participation, in which local organizations and NGOs work with the community and municipal corporation, has the lowest cost per ton of waste management at Rs. 1518 (US$35).
3) Management solely by the municipal corporation has the highest cost at Rs. 1908 (US$44) per ton. Public-private partnerships fall in between at Rs. 1797 (US$41) per ton.
Environmental issues in the context of urban povetyMahtabAlam80
This document discusses environmental issues related to urban poverty. It covers five dimensions of urban poverty: income, health, education, security, and empowerment. It also examines how pollution, lack of sanitation and natural disasters affect the health of urban poor populations. The document provides frameworks for understanding the relationship between urban poverty and environmental problems. It explores strategies for governments, private sectors and other actors to improve environmental conditions and reduce the impacts of environmental hazards on vulnerable urban communities.
The Environmental and Socio-Economic Implication of Residential Buildings in...ty0385
The Environmental and Sociology-Economic Implication of Residential Buildings in Proximate Distance to Landfill Site. A Case of Olusosun Landfill Site, Ojota Lagos Nigeria.
Effect of Knowledge of Green Procurement on Implementation of Green Public Pr...paperpublications3
Abstract: Procurement of vast amounts of goods and services by public secondary schools in Kenya is increasingly raising concern over the products’ impact on the environment. The schools control huge budgets approximated at Kenya shillings 120 billion annually. Thus their impact on the environment cannot be underrated. However, it remains a matter of serious concern that green public procurement has not been embraced by the public secondary schools. It is in this regard that it became imperative to undertake a research to investigate effects of knowledge of green procurement on implementation of green public procurement in public secondary schools in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive research design. The target population was 1032 public secondary schools procurement personnel in various procurement committees. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to obtain a sample size of 278 respondents. A closed ended questionnaire was used for data collection. The study attained a response rate of 65%. Using the mean, the variables of interest, that is, knowledge of green procurement and implementation of green procurement was scored below average by the respondents. The study found a significant positive correlation between knowledge of green procurement and implementation of green public procurement (r = .723, p˂.05) at 95% confidence level. In conclusion, the study endorsed the validity of using knowledge of green procurement, as interventions in the implementation of green public procurement. Further study was recommended on the factors affecting implementation of green public procurement using more rigorous inferential statistics.
Ijaems apr-2016-26 Development and Validation of Responsible Environmental Be...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure undergraduate students’ responsible environmental behavior towards solid waste management. Data gathered from 418 undergraduate students provided evidence for validity and reliability of the new instrument consists of 34 behavior items on a six point Likert type scale. Results of the factor analysis with varimax rotation showed that items constituting Responsible Environmental Behavior Scale towards Solid Waste Management (REBS – SWM) were grouped under three subscales: (1) Personality factors; (2) Knowledge on action strategy; and (3) Knowledge on issues. Each item had a factor loading of 0.40 or above with its own scale and the alpha reliability coefficient for all of the three subscales was 0.81. Thus, REBS – SWM is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in the field of environmental and science education and can be used as basis for management of wastes in school setting.
This document summarizes a study on inclusive stakeholder participation for sustaining dry sanitation solutions in Madimba, Zambia. The study found that stakeholder engagement and participation is key to project success and sustainability. In Madimba, the Network for Environmental Concerns and Solutions (NECOS) engaged in participatory research, analysis of community needs and concerns, and capacity building initiatives. Best practices for sustainability included integrating indigenous knowledge, artisanal training, entrepreneurship programs, and partnerships. However, challenges remained regarding cultural acceptance and addressing socioeconomic factors at the community level.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
A presentation from Diego Thomspon, a PhD candidate of Iowa State University, on how governing environmental stresses can be helpful to communities (specifically, the community of Southwestern Uruguay). What do we mean by environmental stresses? Things like land use and climate change, which are often controlled by the government.
Plastics, the costs to societyand the environmentPatrickTanz
This document summarizes a report about the costs of plastic to society, the environment, and the economy. It finds that the lifetime cost of plastic produced in 2019 will be at least $3.7 trillion, more than the GDP of India. This cost is much higher than the market price paid for plastic, which fails to account for costs across the plastic lifecycle like greenhouse gas emissions, waste management, and environmental damage from plastic pollution. Without action, the lifetime costs of plastic produced in 2040 could reach over $7 trillion due to expected increases in plastic production. The report calls for governments and industries to take urgent action through policies, regulations, and international agreements to address the plastic crisis and internalize the true costs of plastic
Behaviour analysis of riverbank society on pollution of water quality in cili...Alexander Decker
1. The study analyzed water pollution in the Ciliwung River downstream in Jakarta and factors affecting people's behaviors in utilizing and conserving water quality.
2. Laboratory tests found household activities to be the major contributor to pollution, with domestic waste increasing levels of BOD, pH, TSS, oil content, and fat rates.
3. The results showed both direct and indirect influences between variables of riverside society behavior and existing pollution. Effective pollution control requires considering community participation in management.
Hospital wastes pose a significant impact on health and environment. From this study it can be said that there is an urgent need for raising awareness and education on medical waste issues. Proper waste management strategy is needed to ensure health and environmental safety. by Nimbalkar Girajaram Swamirao, Chavan Rdhul Tulashiram, Pedasangi Sachin Chandrakant and Mr. Ghatage S. A 2018. Hospital Waste Disposal. International Journal on Integrated Education. 1, 1 (Dec. 2018), 88-93 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/791/760 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/791
The document discusses integrated solid waste management for sustainable development in Kalmunai Municipality. It introduces integrated solid waste management and sustainable development. It discusses the relationship between the two concepts and notes that proper waste management is key to environmental sustainability. The study aims to assess the significance of integrated solid waste management for sustainable development in the municipality, which currently struggles without a proper landfill and has not achieved recycling targets. The methodology, data analysis, recommendations are also summarized.
Awareness, Attitudes, Barriers, And Drivers Towards Adoption Of Low-Waste, Su...Ajinkya Chikte
- The document discusses a study on awareness, attitudes, barriers, and drivers towards adoption of low-waste and sustainable lifestyle solutions among middle-class Indian consumers.
- It finds that awareness of waste issues does not greatly affect intent or purchase of sustainable products. Demographic and psychographic factors are more influential.
- The assumptions of the Homebox Express sustainable subscription service were incorrect. Marketing needs to be realigned based on the new findings and deeper qualitative research is needed.
Scavenging as a solid waste management option helps in the reduction of quantum of wastes at dumpsites and expands the life span of landfills. The objective of this paper is to conduct a review of previous works on scavenging as a means of environmental management. The method used is a review of academic/journal articles, internet materials, conference papers and publicly available materials on scavenging as a means of environmental management. Previous authors had a unity of opinion that scavengers recover reusable and recyclables materials (eg. plastics, papers, scraps metals, aluminium) which serve as sources of income for livelihoods. Recommendations of the study includes: (1) safety awareness and health education should be provided to reduce the occupational hazards the scavengers are exposed to in the course of their scavenging activities; (2) people should be made to see scavengers as partners in progress in environmental management which is a collective enterprise; and (3) grants should be given to scavengers to encourage them expand their business considering the role they play in waste management.
This document discusses recycling and environmental protection efforts. It includes:
- An overview of a Comenius project from 2012-2014 focused on recycling and making the world cleaner.
- Background information on recycling, including what items can be recycled and how recycling benefits the environment.
- Details about Latvijas Zaļais punkts, the largest organization in Latvia responsible for recycling packaging, electronics, and other materials on behalf of companies.
- Examples of recycling activities that could be done by children and teachers, such as decorating tin cans, making paper from recycled materials, and using online resources to find information about recycling.
Mulugeta Bantigegn, Achenef Motbainor and Teferi Mekonnon,“Onsite Proper Solid Waste Handling Practices and Associated Factors Among Condominium Residents in Debre-Markos Town, East Gojjam Zone, North West Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT), Volume 01, Issue 06, pp. 01-11, 2020. https://uijrt.com/articles/v1i6/UIJRTV1I60001.pdf
Impact of Solid Waste Management Practices on Environmental Protection Case o...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This Solid waste management practices are essential component of environmental infrastructure in human settlements; its poor management can lead to health problem and environmental destruction in general, this study was conducted in Kicukiro district. The data were collected on the sample of 97 households and some authorities through questionnaires, and interview and were analyzed using SPSS Version 20 (statistical tools) and this helped in generating tables and performing descriptive statistics like percentages, frequency, and mean. The results obtained revealed that that in terms of waste segregation is explained excluding solid wastes from liquid wastes considering the mean of 2.73 which was interpreted as high mean. Those results influenced the grand mean to become 2.04 which is interpreted as low mean. This means that waste segregation practices is not efficiently done in households located in Kicukiro. It was revealed that transportation of wastes is characterized by the short time of loading wastes considering the mean of 2.91 which is interpreted as high mean. The findings revealed that the environmental protection in Kicukiro District is characterized by the following: little harmful materials (plastic packages) in the soils considering the mean of 3.18. This showed that there is link between solid waste management practices and environmental protection in Kicukiro District. For proper practices of waste management which is positive but only for waste transportation to have a significant relationship with environmental protection considering the correlation coefficient of 0.259 and the p-value or Sig.(2-tailed) of 0.010 which is below the p-alpha of 0.05. It is recommended that Kicukiro District has to launch a sustained, education and communication campaign informing residents on the importance of managing waste properly and its importance to their health, the environment and cleanliness of the city or use another waste reduction strategy in order to encourage recyclable production of goods to allow access to recyclable products.
Urban solid waste management in ghana an assessment of zoomlion’s approach to...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed Zoomlion's approach to solid waste management in Wa Municipality, Ghana. The study used interviews and surveys to examine waste collection methods. It found that the majority of households (45%) and businesses (76.7%) used communal waste containers for collection. However, 32.2% of households also used improper methods like burning or dumping. The study recommended integrating composting of organic waste and moving toward a holistic waste management system.
Solid Waste Management System: Public-Private Partnership, the Best System fo...IJERA Editor
Solid waste management (SWM) is a major public health and environmental concern in urban areas of many
developing countries. Nairobi’s solid waste situation, which could be taken to generally represent the status
which is largely characterized by low coverage of solid waste collection, pollution from uncontrolled dumping
of waste, inefficient public services, unregulated and uncoordinated private sector and lack of key solid waste
management infrastructure. This paper recapitulates on the public-private partnership as the best system for
developing countries; challenges, approaches, practices or systems of SWM, and outcomes or advantages to the
approach; the literature review focuses on surveying information pertaining to existing waste management
methodologies, policies, and research relevant to the SWM. Information was sourced from peer-reviewed
academic literature, grey literature, publicly available waste management plans, and through consultation with
waste management professionals. Literature pertaining to SWM and municipal solid waste minimization,
auditing and management were searched for through online journal databases, particularly Web of Science, and
Science Direct. Legislation pertaining to waste management was also researched using the different databases.
Additional information was obtained from grey literature and textbooks pertaining to waste management topics.
After conducting preliminary research, prevalent references of select sources were identified and scanned for
additional relevant articles. Research was also expanded to include literature pertaining to recycling,
composting, education, and case studies; the manuscript summarizes with future recommendationsin terms
collaborations of public/ private patternships, sensitization of people, privatization is important in improving
processes and modernizing urban waste management, contract private sector, integrated waste management
should be encouraged, provisional government leaders need to alter their mind set, prepare a strategic, integrated
SWM plan for the cities, enact strong and adequate legislation at city and national level, evaluate the real
impacts of waste management systems, utilizing locally based solutions for SWM service delivery and design,
location, management of the waste collection centersand recycling and compositing activities should be
encouraged.
I
This document summarizes a study that used a contingent valuation method to examine households' willingness to pay for improved solid waste management in Mwanza City, Tanzania. The study collected survey data from 300 randomly selected households. A logit regression model found that seven variables had a significant influence on willingness to pay, including income, education level, environmental knowledge, age, and factors related to household type and legal regulations. The results suggest that individual households are generally willing to pay for improved solid waste management services.
Factors Affecting Solid Waste Management in Kapchorwa Town Council, Kapchorwa...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
The problem of Solid Waste Management (SWM) has become a major problem in the upper areas of developing countries. In Uganda, the menace of urban waste has further been worsened by the increasing population. This study was done to assess the level of knowledge and practices about SWM within the Kapchorwa Town Council (KTC) Kapchorwa district in eastern Uganda. To achieve the objectives, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out and waste characteristics, collection, disposal, stakeholder roles, and waste management responsibilities were analyzed. Results indicate that waste is predominantly biodegradable (66%) and generated mainly within households, with no proper collection rate disposed of, crude dumping was the major means of disposal used (72.5%). The council is under capacity to handle waste management demands and their services are poor or nonexistent which has led to the use of crude dumping which has risk health. The strategy for solid waste management is failing because the community members are not cooperative. In conclusion, waste management practices in KTC are poor and they reflect a gap in knowledge about effective waste management within KTC, community members should be regularly educated on the link between improper solid waste management and disease outbreaks and the safe SWM practices such as reuse and recycling.
Keywords: Waste management, Kapchorwa district, urban waste, disease outbreaks
The document discusses the future challenges and opportunities in solid waste management. Some of the key challenges mentioned are increasing waste quantities and changing compositions due to population growth and changing lifestyles, increasing environmental and health impacts of improper waste management, and rising costs of waste management due to more complex technologies needed. Limited policy frameworks and lack of political priority for waste management are also issues. However, the document notes that waste management also presents opportunities like waste minimization, energy and material recovery from waste becoming more viable, and potential for private sector involvement and job creation through recycling industries.
This document is an internal assessment report on solid and sewage waste management in the community of Linstead, Jamaica. It includes an introduction outlining the purpose of studying how improper waste disposal impacts residents' health. The literature review discusses how waste pollution negatively affects health and the environment. It also examines Linstead's lack of proper sewage management and irregular solid waste collection. The report will use research findings to evaluate impacts of waste and provide recommendations to alleviate problems.
Factors Influencing Willingness to Recycle E-Waste in Kisumu City Central Bus...paperpublications3
Abstract: The ever increasing levels of electronic waste (e-waste) and limited capacities for disposal and recycling have worsened e-waste management in Kenya. An understanding of end-user of electronic devices (consumer) participation is fundamental in planning for e-waste management as Kenya has a pending bill on e-waste management since 2013 that stipulates the role of consumers in e-waste management. There is need to understand factors influencing willingness to recycle to inform policy. Various studies suggest socio-economic, demographic and individual preferences influence participation by consumers. Our study relied on Kisumu municipality registry (N = 1,193) to get a sample of businesses and offices to be surveyed in the Central Business District. Using multiple regression model, the authors found factors that influence participation in e-waste drop-off schemes are Income, Education, Gender and Recycling habit but not Age and Awareness levels. Our results suggest that Economic instruments such as deposit and refund programs for e-waste drop-off should be embraced by waste planners to encourage low income earners to participate, there is need for civil education on the benefits.
Sustainability refers to the interconnected relationship between the environment, economy, and social equity. It requires responsibility for future generations by demonstrating a path forward through sustainable practices. The document discusses establishing a sustainable waste management plan for the town of New Paltz, New York. It acknowledges contributions from local leaders and organizations that provided input. The plan aims to enhance existing recycling and reuse programs to reduce waste and move toward a zero waste goal through community collaboration.
Valuation of Environment: A Study on Willingness to Pay for Improved Solid Wa...inventionjournals
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This document summarizes a study that examined community involvement in household solid waste management in Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. It reviewed relevant literature on the challenges of solid waste management. The study found that residents were aware of health issues from improper waste management and interested in reducing waste, but faced challenges like costs, lack of cooperation, and attitudes. It used a cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling to interview 150 residents, mainly women. The study found residents had varying education levels and most generated more waste by living with spouses or families.
Greening of the solid waste management in batangas cityAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on improving solid waste management practices in Batangas City, Philippines. The study surveyed 204 residents across 69 barangays to assess current solid waste management implementation, effects on health and environment, and challenges. The results showed that practices like feeding leftovers to pets were fully implemented, while reducing waste, composting and recycling were only slightly implemented. Burning garbage was moderately common. Based on the findings, the study proposed a plan of action to enhance implementation and mitigate issues to better manage solid waste.
A REVIEW ON THE SUCCESS FACTORS FOR COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN SOLID WASTE MA...Kelly Lipiec
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stakeholders and welcoming new community participants are important success factors. Communication allows
understanding of issues to develop and identification of conflicts. Welcoming participants openly and valuing their
contributions encourages ongoing involvement.
A good environment they say predetermines good health. If good health is to be measured at all the people and the environment will play a significant role. Illness and disease however, do not exist in isolation of the environment in particular. Waste is an object for which we have no further use and which has to be disposed off because of the danger it poses to the environment. Solid waste refers to garbage, refuse, rubbish, trash or litter generated through the domestic, commercial and industrial activities of man. As the population increased efforts were made to transport waste out of the cities. This study therefore examined the problems of solid waste disposal in Ibarapa East Local Government Area of Oyo state. Two hundred respondents were sampled from the study area. The major instruments of data collection were questionnaire administration, personal observation and oral interview Data were analyzed using cross tabulation and simple percentage The findings shows that the respondents were aware of effects that improper solid waste to have in their environment and health but still indulge in insanitary wasted disposal. Also the role of Government in waste disposal was below normal standard. It was recommended that the people should change their unsanitary system of waste disposal and government should improve on waste disposal policy.
The document discusses a study on proper waste management practices of households in Brgy. Atate, Palayan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that household waste generation increased during the pandemic due to factors like increased use of personal protective equipment. It also identified challenges in waste management practices like improper disposal methods. The researchers proposed recommendations to address the challenges, which included improved education on proper waste segregation and disposal and strengthened waste management services from local governments.
Biogas Technology as a Sustainable Domestic Organic Waste Management Measure ...civejjour
Solid waste management especially residential organic waste management is one of the most important
problems after the water quality in developing countries all over the world. There are many waste
management techniques for the disposal of these wastes. Attaining sustainability goals is the challenge
faced by each of these techniques. This paper presents the evaluation study of the biogas technology as a
sustainable domestic organic waste management measure. The evaluation method is detailed and the
perception of the biogas users with respect to different aspects of sustainability is presented here. The
technological benefits and bottle necks were also reviewed in this paper.
Biogas Technology as a Sustainable Domestic Organic Waste Management Measure ...civejjour
Solid waste management especially residential organic waste management is one of the most important
problems after the water quality in developing countries all over the world. There are many waste
management techniques for the disposal of these wastes. Attaining sustainability goals is the challenge
faced by each of these techniques. This paper presents the evaluation study of the biogas technology as a
sustainable domestic organic waste management measure. The evaluation method is detailed and the
perception of the biogas users with respect to different aspects of sustainability is presented here. The
technological benefits and bottle necks were also reviewed in this paper.
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To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Household willingness to pay for improved solid waste management in akinyele local government area
1. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.4, No.18, 2014
Household Willingness to Pay for Improved Solid Waste
Management in Akinyele Local Government Area
Olojede Mary Adeoye Adelayo
Department of Agricultural Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture, Igboora
*maryoluyinka@yahoo.com, adelayooyeh@yahoo.com.
Abstract
Solid waste management is important in our society because it has direct effect on households’ health and
society at large and the dangers that are associated with dirty environment are very serious. Solid waste problem
is perhaps the most important environmental difficulty being faced with in Ibadan area, both from the generation
and management points of view. Therefore, the study examines household willingness to pay for improved solid
waste management in Akinyele Local Government Area. Data were collected from random selection of one
hundred and twenty households with the aid of a well structured questionnaire. These data were analyzed using
descriptive statistics and logit regression model.The study revealed that the average age of household heads in
the study is 38.7 years and that 59.2 percent and 40.8 percent of the household respondents were female and
male respectively. 51.7 percent were engaged in monthly paid job while the rest 48.3 percent were engaged in
informal employment like artisan, trading and other daily earning jobs. The mean household size is 4.64. 53.3
percent of the respondents have tertiary education, 20 percent have secondary education, and 13.3 percent have
primary education while only 5.8 percent have no formal education.Four methods of household’s solid waste
collection with different price levels were used to determine households’ willingness to pay in the study area;
these are; low cost system – N500 (Communal container), low cost system – N700 (Vehicle in the
neighborhood), medium cost system – N900 (Communal container with a door to door collection), higher cost
system – N1000 (Only door to door collection). The mean willingness to pay of households for the improved
service is N686.07. The multivariate binary logistic regression revealed that the households’ willingness to pay
was increased as price of the service decreased, reduced as age of the respondents increased, increased as level
of education increased and reduced as household size increased.It was recommended that households should
thereby attach a great value to their environment and demand and pay for whatever improved service introduced
to them that will make their environment clean because environmental quality will greatly influence their general
wellbeing and benefit them.
Keywords : Solid waste management, Willingness to pay, Environment, Logit Regression Model.
1. Introduction
Anthropogenic activities have always imposed threats to the environment. Among the most evident products of
human activities are wastes. Daily global generation of municipal solid waste in 2006 was reported as 2.02
billion tonnes (UNEP, 2009). The rapid increase of waste generation has exceeded the earth’s carrying capacity
by 30% in catering the pollution intensity (Odum and Odum, 2006). As a consequence, the environment
undergoes degradation as reported in various parts of the world, particularly in developing and under-developed
countries (Rahji and Oloruntoba, 2009; Ngoc and Schnitzer, 2009). Since waste materials become more and
more complex with the advancement in technology and human civilization, the environment needs to deal with
chemical wastes, hazardous wastes, electronic-waste and many more.
Therefore, this calls for an urgent need for an appropriate waste management system. Apt waste
management system is essential in order to cater for the vast transformations of human civilization, as well as,
developing the environment in the most sustainable approach (Odum and Odum, 2006). Sustainable
development becomes the target of modern society where economic progress is in tandem with environmental
preservation. In order not to jeopardize the environment, various technologies approaches have been introduced.
The necessity of proper mechanism in managing waste becomes more crucial in urban areas where dense
population results in more complex composition and rapid waste generation.
In many developing countries, due to lack of appropriate planning, inadequate governance, resource
constraint and ineffective management, solid waste is a major source of concern. According to UNEP (2004),
solid waste generation has become an increasing environmental and public health problem everywhere in the
world, particularly in developing countries. The fast expansion of urban agricultural and industrial activities
stimulated by rapid population growth has produced vast amounts of solid and liquid wastes that pollute the
environment and destroy resources. The changing economic trends and rapid urbanization also complicate solid
waste management (SWM) in developing countries. Consequently, solid waste is not only increasing in quantity
but also changing in composition from less organic to more paper, packing wastes, plastics, glass, metal wastes
among other types, a fact leading to the low collection rates (Bartone & Bernstein, 1993).
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In order to cope with these challenges and due to its crucial role for public health and protecting the environment,
accomplishing effective municipal solid waste management should be a priority for emerging cities. However, in
the past most attempts to improve solid waste management in cities have focused on the technical aspects of the
different means of collection and disposal (World Bank, 1992). It is recently that more attention has been paid to
enhancing institutional arrangements for solid waste service delivery, with a special emphasis on privatization.
In most countries of the world, especially developing and transition countries and European social
democracies, the management of waste has been considered to be the responsibility of the government, financed
by general revenues. In Nigeria, the problem of solid waste management (SWM) has been a concern which has
existed for long in Lagos metropolis and in other big Nigerian cities (Ojeshina and Longe, 1996, Ayotomuno and
Gobo, 2004). The management of solid waste is today one of the important obligatory functions of the Local
Government Areas (LGAs) in the entire country. However, this very important service had in the past gulped a
lot of money out of the local authorities, that the state governments’ intervention became necessary. The reason
being that, the Local Government Areas were not properly, technically and financially equipped to perform this
statutory function well. Apart from the problem of lack of financial resources, weak institutional and legal
framework, others are inappropriate choice of technology, inadequate collection and transportation systems as
well as unsafe final disposal options. The public confidence on the ability of the LGAs to play this statutory role
diminished in the face of mounting heaps of refuse on major roads and highways. This is not without the ensuing
environmental pollution that made the entire system unsatisfactory (Ojeshina and Longe, 1996; Longe and
Kehinde, 2005).
Even though the fundamental objective of any solid waste management programme is to minimize
environmental pollution, this goal become unachievable in the absence of sustained funding, affordable local
technological option and lack of participatory approach to integrated solid waste management. Willingness to
pay for waste management services or facilities is very important to the success of the private sectors’
participation (PSP) in (SWM) program. The willingness to or not to pay of households could have direct impact
(positive or negative) on the reliability and success of any solid waste management strategy (Rahman et al.,
2005).
1.1 Objectives of the Study
The major objective of this study is to analyze the willingness to pay for improved solid waste management of
households in Akinyele local government area. The specific objectives of this study are to determine their mean
WTP for improved solid waste management and examine the determinants of households’ willingness to pay for
improved solid waste management service.
Solid waste management has always been evaluated based on the role and performance of the service
provider, the supply side, with little or no attention is given to the demand side. This in turn, has put limit to the
achievement of the improved municipal solid waste management in the city. The involvement of the service
recipients or clients especially households who are the primary producers/generators of significant proportion of
solid waste and perhaps main victim of the effect of uncollected solid waste, should be allowed to determine
their outlet or providers and participate in making of sound policy decisions including designing of effective
joint solutions of solid waste management. This would help the service providers, i.e., the municipality, to
understand households’ willingness to participate and pay, hence, the need for this research. Therefore, this study
is different with the fact that it addresses the demand side aspect of solid waste management. The key questions
here are whether or not the households are willing to pay for the improved solid waste management services and
how much if it is to be delivered particularly to residential area. And whatever the responses of households are,
what determines the response and how do we address the factors that determine the success of the improved
municipal solid waste management.
The study will analyze the willingness to pay of household for improved solid waste with use of a
qualitative choice model (logit model). Although there have been studies on this but not in Akinyele local
government using the four collection methods used and only few used Logit model. Also, such willingness to
pay study would help in finding out sustainable means of funding for solid waste management service in areas
that are yet to be benefiting from the service but are still engaged in burning of refuse and pilling of heaps of
refuse at the back of their houses and strategic places on the streets.
2. Material and Methods
Ibadan is the largest indigenous city in West Africa and is located in the South Western part of Oyo State of
Nigeria. It is Nigeria’s second-largest urban agglomeration with the population of about 3.3million people.
(Brinkhoff, 2010). It is the capital city of Oyo State and is located about 145 km north-east of Lagos having
eleven local government areas.
The overall population density of Ibadan metropolitan area is 586 persons per km2. The administrative
and commercial importance of Ibadan has resulted in land, being a key investment asset and a status symbol for
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78
the population.
2.1 Source of data and Sampling Procedure.
The study was carried out in Akinyele LGA using primary data. Akinyele LGA is made up of 12 wards with 149
unit counts. Data were collected with the use of structured questionnaires. A stratified sampling technique was
used to select four wards (strata) to represent different classes of people in the study area. From each stratum a
representative sample of 30 households were randomly selected to give a sample size of 120 households using
the following price levels for each of the collection methods respectively; Low cost system – 500, Low cost
system – 700, Medium cost system – 900, Higher cost system – 1000.
• Low cost system (N500) – A large communal container probably of 5 to 8 cubic meters capacity would
be placed in the neighborhood at a central location and each household and establishment would be
expected to carry its container of refuse to empty it into the container. The container would have an
attendant to sweep the area and keep it tidy. A vehicle would pick up the container and take it away to
be emptied before it is completely full.
• Low cost system (N700) – A vehicle would come to the neighborhood on a scheduled basis and park
for a few minutes at each block or road junction to collect solid waste. When the vehicle parks, it would
ring a bell, sound its horn or play a musical jingle to summon residents to bring their containers out to
be emptied. All waste in the neighborhood would be kept inside until the vehicle comes.
• Medium cost system (N900) - As with the first service option, a large communal container would be
placed in the neighborhood. However, instead of households being required to carry their waste to the
communal container, door to door collection would be arranged for an added fee. The door to door
collection would be done by a worker using a push cart or donkey.
• Higher cost system (N1000) – A vehicle would come to the neighborhood on a scheduled basis and
provide a door to door service. At each building, containers of waste, which have been left at the
curbside, would be emptied into the vehicle. The emptied containers would be placed neatly at the curb.
Given the fact that solid waste management service is being introduced afresh to the areas, then the prices used
are ones, being used by private refuse management companies in other areas based on our findings and the
service is twice per month. This would be an improvement on the personal burning of refuse and other self
employed methods used by the households to manage their solid wastes.
2.3 Method of Data Analysis
The logit regression was employed for this study to explain the log-likelihood of willingness to pay, because of
its comparative mathematical simplicity and asymptotic characteristics, which constrained the predicted
probabilities to a range of zero to one. The logit linear model which is based on the cumulative probability
function was adopted because of its ability to deal with a dichotomous dependent variable and a well established
theoretical background. Logistic regression, according to Roopa, K.S., 2000 is a uni/multivariate technique
which allows for estimating the probability that an event will occur or not through prediction of a binary
dependent outcome from a set of independent variables. Logit model was used for this study as specified by
Hanemann (1989), Whittington, et al (1990), Branka and Kelly (2001), Yusuf et al, (2005) , Adepoju and
Omonona (2009).
(1) Pi = E (Y = 1 / Xi) = 1
_________________
1+ e – (ß0 +ß1 Xi)
Where Pi is a probability that Yi = 1
Xi is a set of independent variables
Y is dependent variable
ß0 is the intercept which is constant
ß1 is the coefficient of the price that the households are willing to pay for improved waste management. The
coefficient estimates obtained from the identification of factors influencing households’ WTP for improved
SWM were then used to calculate the mean willingness to pay for solid waste management. Mean willingness to
pay for improved solid waste management by households was used as given by Hanemann (1989).
Mean WTP = 1* ln (1 + exp ß0)
____________
/ ß1 /
Where βο and βı are absolute coefficient estimates from the logistic regression and the Mean WTP is the mean
amount the households are willing to pay for improved solid waste management. To identify the factors that
influence households’ willingness to pay for improved solid waste management, the respondents’ responses to
the WTP question was regressed against the prices the respondents are willing to pay and other socio economic
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characteristics of the respondents. The regression logit model is specified as:
79
Y = 1___
1+expz
Z= βo + β1X1 + β2X2 ……………………. + β8X8 +Ei (7)
Y= Households’ response to the willingness to pay
(Yes = 1, No = 0)
Z= Summation of the explanatory variables multiplied by their coefficient
β0 = Constant
β1……. β6 = Coefficient of the explanatory variables X1………X8
Ei = Error term
The explanatory variables can be expressed as described by Raheem (2006) and was modified to suit this study.
The explanatory variables are:
X1 = Age (years)
X2 = Educational level of household head (years)
X3 = Marital status (dummy variable; Married = 1, Otherwise = 0)
X4 = Household size
X5 = Sex of the household head (Male = 1, Female = 0)
X6 = Household monthly expenditure
X 7 = Weight of accumulated waste (Kg)
X8 = Price the household is willing to pay monthly (N)
3. Result and Discussion
Table 1 presents some selected socio economics characteristics. The study shows that majority of the
respondents are in their active working age with the mean age of 38.6 which implies that they may know and
appreciate the value of solid waste management. And may also know and dread the consequence of solid waste
mishandling and are familiar with the cost sharing in its management. This study has more female respondents
than males and this could mean that female are more concern about their environment than males because they
are responsible to general hygiene of the house i.e house cleaning, refuse disposal, washing and cooking and this
would tell more on the outcome of their effort. Therefore, female might be more willing to pay for solid waste
management than males. A little above average number of the respondents interviewed is engaged in formal
employment i.e civil servant, government work, private work or any other monthly paid job while the rest are
informally employed. i.e trading, artisan and other daily earning job. This means that the respondents are at least
earning a living no matter how small, to cater for their welfare of which solid waste management is one.
Therefore should be willing to pay to keep their environment clean. The mean household size is 4.64 which is
approximately 5 members per household and this is in line with the fact that the lesser the household size the
more their willingness to pay to keep their environment clean. Average number of the respondents is educated to
tertiary level meanwhile there is little or none of the remaining that did not attend school at all. This implies that
almost all of them can read and write and would have read and heard about the consequence of unclean
environment. In other word, the higher the level of education the more the respondent would appreciate the value
of clean environment and would dread the consequence of unclean one.
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Vol.4, No.18, 2014
Table 1
Variables Frequency Percentage
Age (years)
<30 30.0
31-40 35.5
41-50 20.8
51-60 9.2
>60 5.0
Total 100
Mean age = 38.6yrs
Gender
Male 59.2
Female 40.8
Total 100
Employment
No Formal 48.3
Formal 51.7
Total 100
Household Size
1-3 28.3
4-6 60.0
7-9 8.3
Above 9 3.3
Total 100
Education
No formal 5.8
Primary 13.8
Secondary 20.0
Tertiary 53.3
Vocational 7.5
Total 100
Table 2 represents the logit analysis of the factors that determine the willingness of households to pay for
improved solid waste management.
Table 2
Willpay Coefficient Standard Error Z- Statistics Prob
Price -0.0343585*** 0.0067443 5.09 0.000
Constant 21.85127*** 4.257283 -5.13 0.000
*** indicate statistically significance at 1%
Degree of freedom = 1
Log Likelihood = -22.174513
Pseudo R2 = 0.7168
Chi2 (LR Statistics) = 112.24
Significance Level = 0.000
Mean willingness to pay = N686.07
The result of the multivariate binary logit regression analysis revealed that the model is fit and has
overall significance at 1 percent level. The chi square shows the overall goodness of fit of the model. The pseudo
R2 indicates that 73.14% of the variation in households’ willingness to pay for improved solid waste
management was explained by the independent variables.
The result also shows that only four variables are significant at 1% level. These variables are; age,
educational level, household size and price of solid waste management.
The result indicates that education level has a significant effect on households’ willingness to pay for
solid waste management. This implies that the higher the level of education the more the respondent would
appreciate the value of environmental quality and would dread the consequence of unclean environment.
Formal education has the likelihood of influencing willingness to pay for improved waste management
services. A year increase in respondents’ level of education will increase households’ willingness to pay for
improved solid waste management services by 0.1838 point. Also, age has a negative significant effect on
respondents’ willingness to pay for improved solid waste management. This means that a year increase in age of
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