This work deals with the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for cyclone modeling on three-dimensional unstructured mesh using the Reynolds Stress turbulence model, a standard k-ε or a k-É model and Large Eddy simulation. Large-eddy simulations (LES) is performed on the gas flow in a cyclone at Re = 280,000. Numerical analysis of flow characteristics and separation efficiency in a high-efficiency cyclone is carried out. The model is only estimated the cyclone's performance under the limited environments; it is difficult to obtain a general model for all the types of cyclones. The purpose of this study is to find out the flow characteristics and separation efficiency numerically using ANSYS Fluent software. The Reynolds stress model (RSM), standard k-ε model and Large Eddy simulations are used in this work to know the flow separation characteristics. The models represent the 3-D, time-dependent flow analysis. CFD velocity profiles, and pressure drops for all the time-dependent flows are compared and discussed. Some details of the flow in the relatively small region in the vicinity of the inlet have strong influence on the separation process is checked with the simulations. The cyclone flow field pattern is simulated and analyzed with the aid of velocity components and static pressure contour plots.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Inertial separators and cyclones are commonly used devices for particulate control that utilize centrifugal forces to separate particles from gas streams. Cyclones are the most common type of inertial separator and use cyclonic gas motion to fling particles to the outer walls, where they slide down and are collected. Factors like particle size, gas properties, installation quality, and design parameters affect the collection efficiency. Electrostatic precipitators also use electrical forces to remove particles, charging them and collecting on plates, and come in configurations like plate-wire and flat-plate designs suited for various applications.
Cyclone separators use centrifugal force to remove particulate matter from gases. Gases enter the separator and spiral downward, while larger particles are forced against the walls by centrifugal force and collected at the bottom. Key factors affecting efficiency include particle density and size, separator diameter, and pressure drop. Cyclones are inexpensive, require little maintenance and space, but are only moderately effective for small particles.
Cyclones and hydrocyclones use centrifugal force and gravity to separate mixtures without filters. Contaminated gas or liquid enters tangentially and spins, forcing heavier particles to the outer wall. Lighter particles spiral up the center and exit at the top while heavier particles exit at the bottom. They are commonly used to remove particulates in industrial processes like mining, drilling, and wastewater treatment. Operating parameters like geometry and flow characteristics determine separation size and efficiency. They have low costs but reduced performance with non-ideal mixtures.
The document discusses cyclone separators. It explains that a cyclone separator uses centrifugal force to separate particles from a gas or liquid stream without any moving parts. Cyclones work by transforming the inlet gas stream into a confined vortex, which uses centrifugal force to drive suspended particles toward the cyclone wall for collection. Cyclone separators can be used to remove particulates from air, gas, or liquid streams in various industries such as cement manufacturing, mineral processing, and others.
This document describes a cyclone separator, which uses centrifugal force to separate solid or liquid particles from a carrier gas without any moving parts. It discusses the definition, working principle, design procedure, types, advantages, disadvantages and common industrial uses of cyclone separators. The working principle is that the gas and particle mixture enters tangentially and spirals downward along the inner wall before the particles exit through the underflow pipe while the gas reverses direction and exits through the vortex finder. Common uses include spray dryers, food processing, and combustion and vacuum cleaning applications.
The first lecture in the module Particle Technology, delivered to second year students who have already studied basic fluid mechanics. Some applications of Particle Technology are described, in industry and nature, and particle size analysis and means of representing the data. The format for the laboratory classes for the module and their reports are covered.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Inertial separators and cyclones are commonly used devices for particulate control that utilize centrifugal forces to separate particles from gas streams. Cyclones are the most common type of inertial separator and use cyclonic gas motion to fling particles to the outer walls, where they slide down and are collected. Factors like particle size, gas properties, installation quality, and design parameters affect the collection efficiency. Electrostatic precipitators also use electrical forces to remove particles, charging them and collecting on plates, and come in configurations like plate-wire and flat-plate designs suited for various applications.
Cyclone separators use centrifugal force to remove particulate matter from gases. Gases enter the separator and spiral downward, while larger particles are forced against the walls by centrifugal force and collected at the bottom. Key factors affecting efficiency include particle density and size, separator diameter, and pressure drop. Cyclones are inexpensive, require little maintenance and space, but are only moderately effective for small particles.
Cyclones and hydrocyclones use centrifugal force and gravity to separate mixtures without filters. Contaminated gas or liquid enters tangentially and spins, forcing heavier particles to the outer wall. Lighter particles spiral up the center and exit at the top while heavier particles exit at the bottom. They are commonly used to remove particulates in industrial processes like mining, drilling, and wastewater treatment. Operating parameters like geometry and flow characteristics determine separation size and efficiency. They have low costs but reduced performance with non-ideal mixtures.
The document discusses cyclone separators. It explains that a cyclone separator uses centrifugal force to separate particles from a gas or liquid stream without any moving parts. Cyclones work by transforming the inlet gas stream into a confined vortex, which uses centrifugal force to drive suspended particles toward the cyclone wall for collection. Cyclone separators can be used to remove particulates from air, gas, or liquid streams in various industries such as cement manufacturing, mineral processing, and others.
This document describes a cyclone separator, which uses centrifugal force to separate solid or liquid particles from a carrier gas without any moving parts. It discusses the definition, working principle, design procedure, types, advantages, disadvantages and common industrial uses of cyclone separators. The working principle is that the gas and particle mixture enters tangentially and spirals downward along the inner wall before the particles exit through the underflow pipe while the gas reverses direction and exits through the vortex finder. Common uses include spray dryers, food processing, and combustion and vacuum cleaning applications.
The first lecture in the module Particle Technology, delivered to second year students who have already studied basic fluid mechanics. Some applications of Particle Technology are described, in industry and nature, and particle size analysis and means of representing the data. The format for the laboratory classes for the module and their reports are covered.
The document discusses cyclone technology for removing dust particles from air streams. It provides background on cyclone design parameters like pressure drop and collection efficiency. The optimal dimensions of cyclones are discussed, with the 2D2D design being most efficient for particles larger than 20 microns. While models can predict trends, testing is still needed due to complex flow patterns and many influencing factors. The document also reviews classical cyclone design procedures and limitations of models in accurately predicting performance metrics like number of turns and cut-point diameter.
This document discusses different methods for storing particulate solids, including outdoor storage in piles and confined storage in structures like silos, bins, and hoppers. It describes two main types of storage - outdoor storage, where coarse solids are stored in large piles, and confined storage of more valuable solids in structures to protect from environmental factors. Specific structures discussed include silos for storing materials like grain, cement, and woodchips; bins for storing dry materials like concrete; and hoppers for temporary storage before processing. Key considerations for selecting a storage method include the properties of the particulate solid and preventing issues like dusting, caking, or degradation.
The document discusses settling and sedimentation processes. It defines filtration versus settling, where settling involves particles separating from fluid due to gravitational forces. It also discusses free versus hindered settling, sedimentation, and the theory of particle movement through fluids. Key factors like particle size, density, fluid properties, and drag forces determine particle settling rates and behaviors. Differential settling can separate particles into fractions based on size-dependent settling velocities.
This document summarizes different types of mixers used for cohesive solids. It describes change-can mixers, kneaders, dispersers, masticators, continuous kneaders, mixer extruders, mixing rolls, muller and pan mixers, and pug mills. It provides details on their applications, components, operation, and advantages for various mixing applications involving viscous liquids, plastic and rubber solids, and other deformable materials.
Different settling methods in mechanical operations Jaydrath Sindhav
Its part of sedimentation which is covered under the Mechanical operations. It contains the gravity sedimentation, clarifier and classifiers, sink and float method, gravity and sorting classifiers, differential settling methods etc....
Its just gives basic concept of sedimentation.
The document discusses bag filters, which are air pollution control devices that use fabric filter bags to remove particulate matter from gas streams. It provides information on the basic concepts and components of bag filters, including how dust particles are collected on the surface of the filter bags and then dislodged by pulses of compressed air or other cleaning methods. It also discusses factors to consider when selecting a bag filter system and types of bag filter cleaning methods.
The document discusses cyclonic separators and hydrocyclones. Cyclonic separators use centrifugal force to separate particulate matter from gas streams. Gas enters tangentially and spins rapidly, forcing particles outward against the wall to fall into a collection hopper while clean gas exits through the center. Hydrocyclones separate particles in liquid suspensions based on density and size differences, with denser/coarser particles exiting the bottom and lighter/finer through the top. Both devices have various industrial uses like dust collection and mineral processing.
This document discusses the basic workings of a hydrocyclone. It explains that a hydrocyclone uses centrifugal force to separate slurry into two products - an underflow and overflow - based on differences in size and density. Larger, heavier particles are pushed to the outer walls and exit through the apex, while smaller, lighter particles stay near the center and exit through the vortex finder. The document then discusses several factors that affect hydrocyclone performance such as vortex finder diameter, pressure drop, apex diameter, feed flow rate, cyclone diameter, and cyclone length. Finally, it provides some common applications of hydrocyclones in industries such as mining, drilling, pulp and paper, and more.
Cyclone separators utilize centrifugal force to separate solid or liquid particles from gases. They have no moving parts and are available in various sizes. Gas enters tangentially, creating a spiral that forces particles to the inner walls. Particles exit through an underflow pipe while gas reverses direction and exits the vortex finder. Key design parameters include inlet dimensions and vortex finder diameter, with larger finders and inlets improving efficiency but also increasing pressure drop. Cyclones are commonly used in industrial applications like power plants and mineral processing due to their low cost and maintenance requirements.
Gravity thickeners use sedimentation to concentrate biosolids and produce a thickened sludge and relatively clear liquid. Solids separate from the liquid stream through gravity settling in large tanks. Common components include tanks, a drive system, rakes, and feedwells. Rakes slowly rotate to move settled solids towards a central deflector cone for removal as thickened underflow, while clarified liquid overflows the top of the tank. Flocculants are added to promote particle bonding and rapid settling.
Cyclone separators use centrifugal force to remove particles from an air or gas stream. As the gas spins rapidly inside the separator, heavier particles are forced outward by centrifugal force and collect on the outer wall. There are several types of cyclones including vertical cyclones for liquid/solid removal, single cyclones that create dual vortexes to separate coarse and fine particles, and multi cyclones which consist of several small diameter cyclones operating in parallel for more efficient separation. The design of a cyclone separator is based on parameters like cylinder length, cone length, entrance/exit diameters, and collection efficiency depends on particle size, centrifugal force exerted, and time force is applied.
Separation, screening and classificationWaqas Ahmed
This document discusses separation techniques used to separate materials. It describes two main types of separation: diffusional separation which separates homogeneous mixtures using processes like distillation or crystallization, and mechanical separation which separates heterogeneous mixtures based on physical properties like size, shape or density. Mechanical separation includes classification, which separates solids from liquids/gases, and screening, which separates solids from solids based solely on particle size using screens of different mesh sizes. The document provides details on screen construction, standard screen sizes, material flow calculations, and factors affecting screening effectiveness.
Mobile sources of air pollution such as vehicles can be improved through cleaner fuels, fuel additives, and emission control devices. Two-way catalytic converters oxidize carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons, while three-way catalytic converters also reduce nitrogen oxides. Stationary sources use pre-combustion, combustion, and post-combustion controls. Particulate matter is controlled through gravitational settling chambers, cyclones, fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, and wet collectors. The design and operation of these control devices depends on factors like particle size and concentration.
This experiment aims to discover the effect of initial concentration and initial height on sedimentation characteristics of calcium carbonate particles suspended in water. Data was collected for calcium carbonate suspensions at different concentrations (2-10%) and initial heights, measuring the settling velocity over time. The results show an inverse relationship between concentration and settling velocity, with higher concentrations settling more slowly. Higher initial heights also resulted in higher settling velocities compared to the same concentration at a lower initial height. Graphs of settling velocity versus limiting concentration were similar for all cases tested.
Fabric filters are air pollution control devices that remove particulate matter from gas streams using filter bags. They work by having gas pass through filter bags, causing particulate matter to collect on the inner surfaces of the bags. There are several cleaning methods for fabric filters including mechanical shakers, reverse air, and reverse pulse jets. Proper selection of filter media and regular cleaning are important for effective particulate removal while avoiding issues like bag ruptures or pressure drops. Fabric filters are commonly used in industries like metallurgy, cement production, and ceramics manufacturing.
Experimental study of cyclone seperators as combustor 1ahmed ewis
The objective of our project is the experimental study of separator as a combustor.
We designed a separator to give us maximum efficiency of separation
(LPG) is used as a primary fuel to start the combustion and then burn sawdust as a secondary fuel, Traditional fuel line system used to supply LPG, sawdust is used as biomass fuel, we used specified feeding system for biomass fuel (sawdust) and we designed a burner to achieve flame stabilization.
Thermocouple type B (platinum / rhodium) is used for measuring hot gases temperature to help us drawing temperature distribution inside cyclone.
Rotating vane anemometer is used to measure velocity of air and LPG to make calibration.
We preformed experiments in cold and hot condition
Cold condition
The particles of sawdust are separated from the air stream through cyclone by gravity and centrifugal force.
Combustion condition
We succeeded to burn Sawdust (600 µm) and draw radial temperature distribution.
Fluidization refers to a process where solid particles are made to behave like a fluid by passing a liquid or gas through it. There are two main types of fluidization - particulate and aggregative. The key conditions for fluidization include maintaining a superficial velocity lower than the particle terminal velocity and keeping the particle size between 30-300 micrometers. Common applications of fluidization include fluid catalytic cracking, drying, and granulation. The main advantages are uniform temperature distribution due to mixing and easy handling of solids. The main disadvantages are non-uniform gas-solid contacting and erosion due to particle abrasion.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Batch sedimentation
What is sedimentation…?
Goals of gravity s sedimentation
Applications of sedimentation
zone settling velocity
Factors affecting zone settling velocity
Design of Zone Settling Tanks
What is Thickener and Clarifiers…?
Thickener Area Calculation
Types of clarifier
The document discusses different types of roll crushers used in size reduction processes. It describes how roll crushers work by compressing materials between two rotating rolls to fracture them into smaller pieces. The key types are single roll, double roll, smooth roll, and toothed roll crushers. Double roll crushers are most commonly used and can adjust the gap between rolls to control the product size. Roll crushers are effective for minerals and coal but not for very hard materials.
A cyclone separator uses centrifugal force to separate particles from gas streams. It has a tangential inlet that spins the gas into a vortex. Larger, heavier particles are thrown outward against the wall and collected while smaller particles pass through. Key parameters that affect its performance include gas velocity, particle properties, and diameter-to-length ratio. It has advantages such as being dry, low cost, and requiring little maintenance. However, it is less efficient for small particles and has higher pressure drops than some other separators. Cyclone separators are commonly used in industries like mining, manufacturing, and energy production. Regular inspection and maintenance helps optimize its operation.
** Cyclone separators remove particulate matter from air streams through centrifugal force. They consist of a cylindrical barrel and conical cone section. Air enters tangentially and forms an outer vortex that separates particles from the air stream.
** Common cyclone designs for particulate control in agriculture are the 1D3D and 2D2D designs, which differ in their barrel and cone length dimensions relative to the barrel diameter.
** Cyclones effectively remove particles larger than 10 microns, with efficiency over 95% for particles over 25 microns. Performance depends on factors like cyclone diameter and inlet velocity.
The document discusses cyclone technology for removing dust particles from air streams. It provides background on cyclone design parameters like pressure drop and collection efficiency. The optimal dimensions of cyclones are discussed, with the 2D2D design being most efficient for particles larger than 20 microns. While models can predict trends, testing is still needed due to complex flow patterns and many influencing factors. The document also reviews classical cyclone design procedures and limitations of models in accurately predicting performance metrics like number of turns and cut-point diameter.
This document discusses different methods for storing particulate solids, including outdoor storage in piles and confined storage in structures like silos, bins, and hoppers. It describes two main types of storage - outdoor storage, where coarse solids are stored in large piles, and confined storage of more valuable solids in structures to protect from environmental factors. Specific structures discussed include silos for storing materials like grain, cement, and woodchips; bins for storing dry materials like concrete; and hoppers for temporary storage before processing. Key considerations for selecting a storage method include the properties of the particulate solid and preventing issues like dusting, caking, or degradation.
The document discusses settling and sedimentation processes. It defines filtration versus settling, where settling involves particles separating from fluid due to gravitational forces. It also discusses free versus hindered settling, sedimentation, and the theory of particle movement through fluids. Key factors like particle size, density, fluid properties, and drag forces determine particle settling rates and behaviors. Differential settling can separate particles into fractions based on size-dependent settling velocities.
This document summarizes different types of mixers used for cohesive solids. It describes change-can mixers, kneaders, dispersers, masticators, continuous kneaders, mixer extruders, mixing rolls, muller and pan mixers, and pug mills. It provides details on their applications, components, operation, and advantages for various mixing applications involving viscous liquids, plastic and rubber solids, and other deformable materials.
Different settling methods in mechanical operations Jaydrath Sindhav
Its part of sedimentation which is covered under the Mechanical operations. It contains the gravity sedimentation, clarifier and classifiers, sink and float method, gravity and sorting classifiers, differential settling methods etc....
Its just gives basic concept of sedimentation.
The document discusses bag filters, which are air pollution control devices that use fabric filter bags to remove particulate matter from gas streams. It provides information on the basic concepts and components of bag filters, including how dust particles are collected on the surface of the filter bags and then dislodged by pulses of compressed air or other cleaning methods. It also discusses factors to consider when selecting a bag filter system and types of bag filter cleaning methods.
The document discusses cyclonic separators and hydrocyclones. Cyclonic separators use centrifugal force to separate particulate matter from gas streams. Gas enters tangentially and spins rapidly, forcing particles outward against the wall to fall into a collection hopper while clean gas exits through the center. Hydrocyclones separate particles in liquid suspensions based on density and size differences, with denser/coarser particles exiting the bottom and lighter/finer through the top. Both devices have various industrial uses like dust collection and mineral processing.
This document discusses the basic workings of a hydrocyclone. It explains that a hydrocyclone uses centrifugal force to separate slurry into two products - an underflow and overflow - based on differences in size and density. Larger, heavier particles are pushed to the outer walls and exit through the apex, while smaller, lighter particles stay near the center and exit through the vortex finder. The document then discusses several factors that affect hydrocyclone performance such as vortex finder diameter, pressure drop, apex diameter, feed flow rate, cyclone diameter, and cyclone length. Finally, it provides some common applications of hydrocyclones in industries such as mining, drilling, pulp and paper, and more.
Cyclone separators utilize centrifugal force to separate solid or liquid particles from gases. They have no moving parts and are available in various sizes. Gas enters tangentially, creating a spiral that forces particles to the inner walls. Particles exit through an underflow pipe while gas reverses direction and exits the vortex finder. Key design parameters include inlet dimensions and vortex finder diameter, with larger finders and inlets improving efficiency but also increasing pressure drop. Cyclones are commonly used in industrial applications like power plants and mineral processing due to their low cost and maintenance requirements.
Gravity thickeners use sedimentation to concentrate biosolids and produce a thickened sludge and relatively clear liquid. Solids separate from the liquid stream through gravity settling in large tanks. Common components include tanks, a drive system, rakes, and feedwells. Rakes slowly rotate to move settled solids towards a central deflector cone for removal as thickened underflow, while clarified liquid overflows the top of the tank. Flocculants are added to promote particle bonding and rapid settling.
Cyclone separators use centrifugal force to remove particles from an air or gas stream. As the gas spins rapidly inside the separator, heavier particles are forced outward by centrifugal force and collect on the outer wall. There are several types of cyclones including vertical cyclones for liquid/solid removal, single cyclones that create dual vortexes to separate coarse and fine particles, and multi cyclones which consist of several small diameter cyclones operating in parallel for more efficient separation. The design of a cyclone separator is based on parameters like cylinder length, cone length, entrance/exit diameters, and collection efficiency depends on particle size, centrifugal force exerted, and time force is applied.
Separation, screening and classificationWaqas Ahmed
This document discusses separation techniques used to separate materials. It describes two main types of separation: diffusional separation which separates homogeneous mixtures using processes like distillation or crystallization, and mechanical separation which separates heterogeneous mixtures based on physical properties like size, shape or density. Mechanical separation includes classification, which separates solids from liquids/gases, and screening, which separates solids from solids based solely on particle size using screens of different mesh sizes. The document provides details on screen construction, standard screen sizes, material flow calculations, and factors affecting screening effectiveness.
Mobile sources of air pollution such as vehicles can be improved through cleaner fuels, fuel additives, and emission control devices. Two-way catalytic converters oxidize carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons, while three-way catalytic converters also reduce nitrogen oxides. Stationary sources use pre-combustion, combustion, and post-combustion controls. Particulate matter is controlled through gravitational settling chambers, cyclones, fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, and wet collectors. The design and operation of these control devices depends on factors like particle size and concentration.
This experiment aims to discover the effect of initial concentration and initial height on sedimentation characteristics of calcium carbonate particles suspended in water. Data was collected for calcium carbonate suspensions at different concentrations (2-10%) and initial heights, measuring the settling velocity over time. The results show an inverse relationship between concentration and settling velocity, with higher concentrations settling more slowly. Higher initial heights also resulted in higher settling velocities compared to the same concentration at a lower initial height. Graphs of settling velocity versus limiting concentration were similar for all cases tested.
Fabric filters are air pollution control devices that remove particulate matter from gas streams using filter bags. They work by having gas pass through filter bags, causing particulate matter to collect on the inner surfaces of the bags. There are several cleaning methods for fabric filters including mechanical shakers, reverse air, and reverse pulse jets. Proper selection of filter media and regular cleaning are important for effective particulate removal while avoiding issues like bag ruptures or pressure drops. Fabric filters are commonly used in industries like metallurgy, cement production, and ceramics manufacturing.
Experimental study of cyclone seperators as combustor 1ahmed ewis
The objective of our project is the experimental study of separator as a combustor.
We designed a separator to give us maximum efficiency of separation
(LPG) is used as a primary fuel to start the combustion and then burn sawdust as a secondary fuel, Traditional fuel line system used to supply LPG, sawdust is used as biomass fuel, we used specified feeding system for biomass fuel (sawdust) and we designed a burner to achieve flame stabilization.
Thermocouple type B (platinum / rhodium) is used for measuring hot gases temperature to help us drawing temperature distribution inside cyclone.
Rotating vane anemometer is used to measure velocity of air and LPG to make calibration.
We preformed experiments in cold and hot condition
Cold condition
The particles of sawdust are separated from the air stream through cyclone by gravity and centrifugal force.
Combustion condition
We succeeded to burn Sawdust (600 µm) and draw radial temperature distribution.
Fluidization refers to a process where solid particles are made to behave like a fluid by passing a liquid or gas through it. There are two main types of fluidization - particulate and aggregative. The key conditions for fluidization include maintaining a superficial velocity lower than the particle terminal velocity and keeping the particle size between 30-300 micrometers. Common applications of fluidization include fluid catalytic cracking, drying, and granulation. The main advantages are uniform temperature distribution due to mixing and easy handling of solids. The main disadvantages are non-uniform gas-solid contacting and erosion due to particle abrasion.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Batch sedimentation
What is sedimentation…?
Goals of gravity s sedimentation
Applications of sedimentation
zone settling velocity
Factors affecting zone settling velocity
Design of Zone Settling Tanks
What is Thickener and Clarifiers…?
Thickener Area Calculation
Types of clarifier
The document discusses different types of roll crushers used in size reduction processes. It describes how roll crushers work by compressing materials between two rotating rolls to fracture them into smaller pieces. The key types are single roll, double roll, smooth roll, and toothed roll crushers. Double roll crushers are most commonly used and can adjust the gap between rolls to control the product size. Roll crushers are effective for minerals and coal but not for very hard materials.
A cyclone separator uses centrifugal force to separate particles from gas streams. It has a tangential inlet that spins the gas into a vortex. Larger, heavier particles are thrown outward against the wall and collected while smaller particles pass through. Key parameters that affect its performance include gas velocity, particle properties, and diameter-to-length ratio. It has advantages such as being dry, low cost, and requiring little maintenance. However, it is less efficient for small particles and has higher pressure drops than some other separators. Cyclone separators are commonly used in industries like mining, manufacturing, and energy production. Regular inspection and maintenance helps optimize its operation.
** Cyclone separators remove particulate matter from air streams through centrifugal force. They consist of a cylindrical barrel and conical cone section. Air enters tangentially and forms an outer vortex that separates particles from the air stream.
** Common cyclone designs for particulate control in agriculture are the 1D3D and 2D2D designs, which differ in their barrel and cone length dimensions relative to the barrel diameter.
** Cyclones effectively remove particles larger than 10 microns, with efficiency over 95% for particles over 25 microns. Performance depends on factors like cyclone diameter and inlet velocity.
Air Pollution control- at source-equipments for control of air pollution-For particulate matter-Settling chambers-Fabric filters-Scrubbers-Cyclones-Electrostatic precipitators
, For Gaseous pollutants-control by absorption-adsorption-scrubbers-secondary combustion after burners, Working principles advantages and disadvantages
The document describes a numerical analysis of a hybrid micro-separator that uses magnetophoresis and hydrodynamic forces to separate blood cells. The separation exploits differences in physical and magnetic properties between red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs). Simulation results showed over 80% separation efficiency for RBCs and over 90% for WBCs, indicating the device can efficiently separate blood cell types without labeling based on RBCs' paramagnetic property. The micro-separator could be useful for lab-on-a-chip diagnostic devices.
Episode 42 : Gas Solid Separation
The process may be interpreted to mean both degassing of solids and dedusting of the solids.
3 phases may be distinguished in any gas cleaning process, i.e;
transport of particles onto a surface (separation)
collection of separated particles from the separation surface into discharge hoppers (or particle fixation)
disposal of the collected particles from the gas cleaning equipment
All phases are equally important as the failure of any of the phases will result in the failure of the separation process
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Three phase separators separate gas, oil, and water. They consist of three zones: an inlet zone, a liquid-liquid settling zone, and a gas-liquid separation zone. Key factors that affect separator efficiency include the inlet flow pattern and devices, feed pipe geometry, entrainment, and internals. Separators can be horizontal or vertical, with horizontal separators often used for foamy streams and liquid-liquid separation, while vertical separators handle large liquid slugs. Proper sizing considers flow rates, residence times, velocities, and droplet sizes to achieve efficient phase separation with minimum carryover.
The document describes the process of creating test cases for an elementary comparison test. It identifies 3 decision points in the test. It then derives 5 unique test situations by applying a coverage type to each decision point. These test situations are mapped out to show their relationships. 2 test situations are excluded as not being mutually exclusive. This leaves 7 possible test cases that cover all the test situations at least once.
O documento descreve um modelo de negócio de marketing multinível para vender produtos de filtragem de água, no qual as pessoas ganham comissões recrutando novas pessoas para a rede. O investimento inicial é de R$600 e à medida que novas pessoas são recrutadas em 12 níveis de rede, as comissões potenciais aumentam exponencialmente até R$102.400 no 12o nível.
O documento fornece diretrizes para simplificar gráficos e apresentações visuais removendo elementos desnecessários que podem atrapalhar a compreensão das informações. As 3 principais recomendações são: 1) remover fundos coloridos e bordas sem significado; 2) unificar as fontes de texto usadas; 3) usar cores apenas quando tiverem significado para os dados. O objetivo é priorizar a informação em detrimento de elementos decorativos desnecessários.
ATENÇÃO LIDERANÇAS<<<
Link liberado para pré cadastro:
FAÇA JÁ SEU CADASTRO E SEJA PIONEIRO NESSE NEGÓCIO ESPETACULAR!!!!!!!
http://clubedelideres.net/?afiliado=fotografia
VEJAM AS VANTAGENS DE FAZER PARTE DO CDL
CLUBE DE LIDERES: Você obterá por só R$ 25,00.
• Sistema de Gerenciamento de Rede com direito de revenda e 100% de lucro!
• Ganhos rápidos de ciclos na matriz 2x2 (mesmo só com derramamentos)
• Residual mensal na matriz global 2x10 – meta da primeira fase R$ 6.963,00
• Premiações na matriz 2x7 conforme for atingindo os níveis sendo eles:
1º nível: página de captura
2º nível: auto responder
3º nível: site personalizado
4º nível: adesão na primeira empresa de mmn
5º nível: adesão na segunda empresa de mmn
6º nível: adesão na terceira empresa de mmn
7º nível: adesão na quarta empresa de mmn
• E muito mais novidades chegando por ai!
assista ao vídeo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ShXwyFNikVE
Seja um vencedor!
FAÇA JÁ SEU CADASTRO E ATIVE SUA CONTA
http://clubedelideres.net/?afiliado=fotografia
jrfotografia.desner@outlook.com
VAMOS QUE VAMOS PARA O SUCESSO!!!
Este relatório apresenta os resultados finais de um concurso público para o cargo de Auxiliar de Serviços Gerais na Prefeitura Municipal de Bom Sucesso, listando os candidatos classificados de acordo com suas notas totais na prova e eventuais pontos por títulos, idade ou deficiência. Jailza Caetano da Silva obteve a maior nota e ficou em primeiro lugar, seguida de Francisca Adelaide de Lima e Leidivânia de Freitas Oliveira.
O documento apresenta tabelas com os valores e descontos de exames e procedimentos oferecidos por dois planos de saúde para os seus associados, incluindo exames de imagem como raio-x, ressonância magnética, tomografia computadorizada e ultrassonografia, além de procedimentos como ecocardiograma e densitometria óssea.
2500 years of learning theory: The good, the bad & the ugly - Donald ClarkLearning Pool Ltd
This document summarizes research on learning theory and technology in education. It discusses criticisms of some hole-in-the-wall computer projects in India that found they were ineffective and distracted children. It also reviews research showing that formative feedback is important for learning but tests are often used terminally without providing guidance. Finally, it outlines how technologies like video, MOOCs, VR and spaced practice can be used to enhance learning at scale.
Este documento presenta una serie de acoplamientos rápidos para agua de diferentes tamaños de pasaje. Incluye tablas con códigos, dimensiones y precios de los acoplamientos con y sin válvula en varios tamaños de rosca, así como detalles técnicos de los componentes y materiales de los acoplamientos.
The document discusses inbound demand generation strategies for companies with 0 to 2,500 customers and no cold calls. It emphasizes using inbound tactics like blogging, SEO, and social media to drive visitors and leads. It also stresses the importance of sales and marketing alignment through shared metrics and goals. Key recommendations include using data to optimize lead quality, determine optimal sales contact attempts, and identify areas for coaching sales representatives.
Sarah Palin went on a $150,000 shopping spree and wore a $2,500 Valentino jacket to the Republican National Congress. The document mentions Palin wearing the expensive jacket multiple times and asks what someone would buy with $150,000, referring to the large amount Palin allegedly spent on new clothes and accessories.
The document provides an overview of the labor market in Russia, including:
- The largest cities have populations between 1-12 million people and account for most of the labor force. Moscow has the highest salaries at 197% of the national average.
- Unemployment ranges from 0.8-6.9% between regions, with the national average around 6%.
- Salaries in major industries like engineering, sales, marketing, and IT range from €1,000-€9,000 per month in Moscow, depending on the role and experience.
- Employers pay additional taxes and insurance contributions of 30% on the first €11,540 of salary and 10% on amounts above that.
-
This document provides an overview of options strategies. It defines derivatives and describes how they derive value from underlying assets. Common types of derivatives are discussed including futures and options. Basic option positions like calls and puts are explained. Popular options strategies like bull call spreads, bear put spreads, and butterfly spreads are defined and examples are provided to illustrate how the payoffs work. Long straddles and short straddles are also introduced as strategies used when volatility is expected to increase or decrease. Key option terms are defined throughout like premium, strike price, expiration date, and different option types.
O documento apresenta uma lista de produtos de confeitaria como bolos, tortas, pavês e doces com seus respectivos preços. Informa que os preços dos bolos são por quilo e aceita encomendas a partir de 1kg. Já os preços dos demais produtos como tortas e doces são por unidade, sendo que cada unidade serve no mínimo 15 pessoas. Avisa também que está aceitando encomendas até os dias 21 e 28 de dezembro, desejando boas festas.
Numerical Study Of Flue Gas Flow In A Multi Cyclone SeparatorIJERA Editor
The removal of harmful particulate matter from power plant flue gas is of critical importance to the environment and its inhabitants. The present work illustrates the use of multi-cyclone separators to remove the particulate matter from the bulk of the gas exhausted to the atmosphere. The method has potential to replace conventional systems like electrostatic precipitator due to inherent low power requirement and low maintenance. A parametric model may be employed to design the system based on the requirement of the power station. The present work describes the simulation of flue gas flow through a cyclonic separator. A Finite volume approach has been used and the pressure-velocity coupling is resolved using the SIMPLE algorithm. Discrete phase model is used to inject solid particles from inlet. In this numerical analysis a cluster of four cyclonic separators are considered. Comparisons are made between the available experimental results and the computational work for validation of the numerical models and schemes employed in the work. The separation efficiency and particle trajectories are shown and found comparable to similar cases from literature. The experimental results correlate well for the model under consideration.
A REVIEW STUDY ON GAS-SOLID CYCLONE SEPARATOR USING LAPPLE MODEL | J4RV4I1001Journal For Research
Cyclone is the most commonly used device to separate dust particles from gas and dust flow. The performance of cyclone separator can be measured in terms of collection efficiency and pressure drop. Parameters like Inlet Flow velocity, the particle size distribution in feed, dimensions of inlet and outlet ducts and cyclone affects the performance of cyclone significantly. Various Mathematical models used for calculation of cut off diameter of separator, flow rate, target efficiency and no. of vortex inside the cyclone to design and study to check the performance of existing cyclone separator. Also new dimensions can be design with help of models. Here, in this study the efficiency achieved with Lapple model cumulatively 86.47%.
This document summarizes gaseous emission control technologies and cyclone separators. It discusses two approaches to controlling air pollution: pollution prevention at the source and treatment of fumes as they form. Cyclone separators are described as inexpensive devices with no moving parts that are widely used to remove particles from air streams. The document provides details on cyclone design, operation, advantages, disadvantages, and equations for calculating collection efficiency based on factors like particle size, gas velocity, and cyclone dimensions. An example calculation is included to demonstrate determining the collection efficiency of a conventional cyclone for a given particle size distribution.
This document discusses the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis of a solar flat plate collector. It begins by introducing solar collectors and their importance. It then describes the objectives of performing CFD simulation on a flat plate collector to better understand flow and temperature distribution. The document outlines the 3D model created in ANSYS Workbench and simulation performed in ANSYS FLUENT. It validates the CFD results by comparing the outlet air temperature to experimental results, showing good agreement. The overall goal is to analyze the collector's heat transfer capability using CFD and gain insights that are difficult to obtain through experimentation alone.
IRJET- A Literature Review on Investigation of Design Parameter of Cyclone Se...IRJET Journal
This document reviews literature on the design of cyclone separators. It discusses how cyclone separators work by using centrifugal force to separate particles from gas streams. Several studies are summarized that used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze cyclone separator design parameters and evaluate designs. One study found that a symmetrical tangential inlet design improved separator performance over a traditional single inlet design. Another study evaluated cyclone performance at different temperatures. A third study compared a single inlet design to a symmetrical dual inlet design and found the symmetrical design reduced pressure drop. The document discusses how cyclone separator design and operating parameters can impact efficiency and pressure drop.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Solar Chimney for Passive Ventilation SystemIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a study analyzing the design and performance of a solar chimney system for passive ventilation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
2. The researchers used CFD to model a solar chimney and investigate how changes in chimney height, outlet radius, and inlet radius affect flow kinetic energy, mass flow rate, and system efficiency.
3. The results showed that a solar chimney with a height of 125m, outlet radius of 8m, and inlet radius of 4m produced the maximum mass flow rate, indicating it could provide effective passive ventilation.
Development and Performance of Solar based Air WasherIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the development and performance of a solar-powered air washer. It aims to address drawbacks of existing air washers by making it fully solar-powered using a blower, pumps, heating/cooling coils, and reservoir. The system uses water and air to remove dust and particles for cleaning purposes while maintaining the ideal temperature. It is more cost-efficient and compact than traditional air washers. The document reviews several existing studies on related technologies and provides details on the components involved in the solar-powered air washer system, including heating/cooling coils, nozzles, pumps, blowers, reservoirs, filtering plates, and a vapor compression cycle.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document provides an overview of various types of dust collection equipment, beginning with cyclones and inertial separators. It describes how cyclones use centrifugal force to move dust particles toward the walls, while inertial separators rely on inertia and gravity to separate particles from the air stream. It highlights key design considerations for cyclones, such as diameter and barrel length, and discusses other inertial separator designs like multiple cyclones, rotary dry centrifugals, and louvers. The document aims to help readers understand the basic functioning of different pollution control equipment.
CFD Analysis of Symmetrical Tangential Inlet Cyclone SeparatorIRJET Journal
This document discusses a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a symmetrical tangential inlet cyclone separator compared to a classical cyclone separator. The CFD analysis is conducted using ANSYS to simulate gas-particle flow through the separators. The results show that modifying the cyclone geometry by adding a symmetrical tangential inlet improves the cyclone's performance by increasing the tangential velocity within the separator compared to the classical single inlet design. Specifically, static pressure was found to be more uniform throughout the body of the symmetrical inlet cyclone separator.
This document discusses various methods for controlling air pollution from industrial sources. It describes controlling pollutants at their source through prevention, trapping, or altering pollutants before release. Common control methods for particulate pollutants include filtration, electrostatic precipitation, and wet scrubbers. Gaseous pollutants can be controlled through combustion, absorption, adsorption, or closed collection systems. The best approach is to prevent pollution at the source, but using equipment to destroy, alter or trap pollutants before emission is also effective. Selection of control equipment depends on the particle characteristics, gas properties, process factors and economic considerations.
This document discusses various methods for controlling air pollution from industrial sources. It describes controlling pollutants at their source through prevention, trapping, or altering pollutants before release. Common control methods for particulate pollutants include filtration, electrostatic precipitation, and wet scrubbers. Gaseous pollutants can be controlled through combustion, absorption, adsorption, or closed collection systems. The best approach is to prevent pollution at the source, but using equipment to destroy, alter or trap pollutants before emission is also effective.
This document discusses various methods for controlling air pollution from industrial sources. It describes controlling pollutants at their source through prevention, trapping, or altering pollutants before release. Common control methods for particulate pollutants include filtration, electrostatic precipitation, and wet scrubbers. Gaseous pollutants can be controlled through combustion, absorption, adsorption, or closed collection systems. The best approach is to prevent pollution at the source, but using equipment to destroy, alter or trap pollutants before emission is also effective.
THE PERFORMANCE OF SHROUDED WIND TURBINE USING CYCLE DYNAMOIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the performance of a shrouded wind turbine that uses a bicycle dynamo. The researchers constructed a shrouded wind turbine with 5-blade and 3-blade rotors and tested its output at different wind speeds and with different configurations (nozzle only, diffuser only, and nozzle with diffuser).
Test results showed that the shrouded configuration with both a nozzle and diffuser produced the highest voltage and RPM outputs compared to configurations with only a nozzle or diffuser or no additional components. At a wind speed of 6.3 m/s, the shrouded configuration increased voltage from 4V to 9.7V for the 3-blade rotor and from 5.5
9 synthesis of reaction separation system lec 9 heterogenous separationayimsevenfold
Separators are needed to separate desired products from byproducts and unreacted feed. The document discusses various types of separators for heterogeneous mixtures, including absorbers, distillation, membranes, strippers, adsorbers, and extraction. Key steps in separator system synthesis are deciding the suitable separator type based on the mixture properties, and determining the optimal sequencing of separators to achieve process requirements. Common heterogeneous mixture separators mentioned include gravity settlers, inertial separators, filtration, flotation, scrubbers, and drying.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The document describes the design and fabrication of a cyclone separator using a vane pump. It discusses the working principle of cyclonic separation where rotational effects and gravity are used to separate mixtures without filters. The cyclone separator was designed according to Lapple's expression and fabricated using aluminum sheet metal and other components. Testing showed the separator could effectively remove particles up to 1.5x10-6 m in diameter with the required vacuum pressure provided by the pump. In conclusion, cyclonic separation is an effective low-cost method for controlling particulate emissions from diesel engines.
Micro fluidic valve for satellite propulsion systemIAEME Publication
The document describes the design and testing of a micro fluidic valve for satellite propulsion systems. The valve uses an electromagnetic actuation mechanism to control propellant flow. It was designed to have a response time of less than 10 ms, operate between -15°C and 70°C, and have a mass of around 120g. Testing showed the valve met leakage rate requirements of less than 10-6 scc/sec and had a response time of 3-7 ms. The valve successfully controlled propellant flow rates up to 16 cc/sec with varying inlet pressures and voltages, demonstrating its suitability for use in small satellite propulsion systems.
Experimental Analysis of Flow through Concentric Vane Swirler in Combustion C...IJSTA
This document describes an experimental analysis of flow through a concentric vane swirler in a combustion chamber using atmospheric air. The study examines the design of a swirler that can produce a central recirculation zone for flame stabilization. Experiments were conducted taking atmospheric cold air instead of hot gases through the combustion chamber. The results provide insight into the complex interactions between swirling flow, pressure gradients, and turbulent mixing in combustion systems.
CFD Analysis Of Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbine: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the Savonius vertical axis wind turbine. It discusses how CFD provides a less expensive and time-consuming alternative to experimental testing of wind turbine designs and configurations. The document outlines different CFD methods used like steady-state and transient simulations. It also summarizes key factors that affect Savonius turbine performance according to previous studies, such as aspect ratio, overlap ratio, number of blades, and influence of the stator and Reynolds number.
Similar to CFD Analysis of a Cyclone Seperator (20)
Due to availability of internet and evolution of embedded devices, Internet of things can be useful to contribute in energy domain. The Internet of Things (IoT) will deliver a smarter grid to enable more information and connectivity throughout the infrastructure and to homes. Through the IoT, consumers, manufacturers and utility providers will come across new ways to manage devices and ultimately conserve resources and save money by using smart meters, home gateways, smart plugs and connected appliances. The future smart home, various devices will be able to measure and share their energy consumption, and actively participate in house-wide or building wide energy management systems. This paper discusses the different approaches being taken worldwide to connect the smart grid. Full system solutions can be developed by combining hardware and software to address some of the challenges in building a smarter and more connected smart grid.
A Survey Report on : Security & Challenges in Internet of Thingsijsrd.com
In the era of computing technology, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are now popular in each and every domains like e-governance, e-Health, e-Home, e-Commerce, and e-Trafficking etc. Iot is spreading from small to large applications in all fields like Smart Cities, Smart Grids, Smart Transportation. As on one side IoT provide facilities and services for the society. On the other hand, IoT security is also a crucial issues.IoT security is an area which totally concerned for giving security to connected devices and networks in the IoT .As, IoT is vast area with usability, performance, security, and reliability as a major challenges in it. The growth of the IoT is exponentially increases as driven by market pressures, which proportionally increases the security threats involved in IoT The relationship between the security and billions of devices connecting to the Internet cannot be described with existing mathematical methods. In this paper, we explore the opportunities possible in the IoT with security threats and challenges associated with it.
In today’s emerging world of Internet, each and every thing is supposed to be in connected mode with the help of billions of smart devices. By connecting all the devises used in our day to day life, make our life trouble less and easy. We are incorporated in a world where we are used to have smart phones, smart cars, smart gadgets, smart homes and smart cities. Different institutes and researchers are working for creating a smart world for us but real question which we need to emphasis on is how to make dumb devises talk with uncommon hardware and communication technology. For the same what kind of mechanism to use with various protocols and less human interaction. The purpose is to provide the key area for application of IoT and a platform on which various devices having different mechanism and protocols can communicate with an integrated architecture.
Study on Issues in Managing and Protecting Data of IOTijsrd.com
This paper discusses variety of issues for preserving and managing data produced by IoT. Every second large amount of data are added or updated in the IoT databases across the heterogeneous environment. While managing the data each phase of data processing for IoT data is exigent like storing data, querying, indexing, transaction management and failure handling. We also refer to the problem of data integration and protection as data requires to be fit in single layout and travel securely as they arrive in the pool from diversified sources in different structure. Finally, we confer a standardized pathway to manage and to defend data in consistent manner.
Interactive Technologies for Improving Quality of Education to Build Collabor...ijsrd.com
Today with advancement in Information Communication Technology (ICT) the way the education is being delivered is seeing a paradigm shift from boring classroom lectures to interactive applications such as 2-D and 3-D learning content, animations, live videos, response systems, interactive panels, education games, virtual laboratories and collaborative research (data gathering and analysis) etc. Engineering is emerging with more innovative solutions in the field of education and bringing out their innovative products to improve education delivery. The academic institutes which were once hesitant to use such technology are now looking forward to such innovations. They are adopting the new ways as they are realizing the vast benefits of using such methods and technology. The benefits are better comprehensibility, improved learning efficiency of students, and access to vast knowledge resources, geographical reach, quick feedback, accountability and quality research. This paper focuses on how engineering can leverage the latest technology and build a collaborative learning environment which can then be integrated with the national e-learning grid.
Internet of Things - Paradigm Shift of Future Internet Application for Specia...ijsrd.com
In the world more than 15% people are living with disability that also include children below age of 10 years. Due to lack of independent support services specially abled (handicap) people overly rely on other people for their basic needs, that excludes them from being financially and socially active. The Internet of Things (IoT) can give support system and a better quality of life as well as participation in routine and day to day life. For this purpose, the future solutions for current problems has been introduced in this paper. Daunting challenges have been considered as future research and glimpse of the IoT for specially abled person is given in the paper.
A Study of the Adverse Effects of IoT on Student's Lifeijsrd.com
Internet of things (IoT) is the most powerful invention and if used in the positive direction, internet can prove to be very productive. But, now a days, due to the social networking sites such as Face book, WhatsApp, twitter, hike etc. internet is producing adverse effects on the student life, especially those students studying at college Level. As it is rightly said, something which has some positive effects also has some of the negative effects on the other hand. In this article, we are discussing some adverse effects of IoT on student’s life.
Pedagogy for Effective use of ICT in English Language Learningijsrd.com
The use of information and communications technology (ICT) in education is a relatively new phenomenon and it has been the educational researchers' focus of attention for more than two decades. Educators and researchers examine the challenges of using ICT and think of new ways to integrate ICT into the curriculum. However, there are some barriers for the teachers that prevent them to use ICT in the classroom and develop supporting materials through ICT. The purpose of this study is to examine the high school English teachers’ perceptions of the factors discouraging teachers to use ICT in the classroom.
In recent years usage of private vehicles create urban traffic more and more crowded. As result traffic becomes one of the important problems in big cities in all over the world. Some of the traffic concerns are traffic jam and accidents which have caused a huge waste of time, more fuel consumption and more pollution. Time is very important parameter in routine life. The main problem faced by the people is real time routing. Our solution Virtual Eye will provide the current updates as in the real time scenario of the specific route. This research paper presents smart traffic navigation system, based on Internet of Things, which is featured by low cost, high compatibility, easy to upgrade, to replace traditional traffic management system and the proposed system can improve road traffic tremendously.
Ontological Model of Educational Programs in Computer Science (Bachelor and M...ijsrd.com
In this work there is illustrated an ontological model of educational programs in computer science for bachelor and master degrees in Computer science and for master educational program “Computer science as second competence†by Tempus project PROMIS.
Understanding IoT Management for Smart Refrigeratorijsrd.com
1) The document discusses a proposed design for an intelligent refrigerator that leverages sensor technology and wireless communication to identify food items and order more through an internet connection when supplies are low.
2) Key aspects of the proposal include using RFID to uniquely identify each food item, storing item and usage data in an XML database, monitoring usage patterns to determine reordering needs, and executing orders through an online retailer using stored payment details.
3) Security and privacy concerns with such an internet-connected refrigerator are discussed, such as potential hacking of personal information or unauthorized device control. The proposal aims to minimize human interaction for household management.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION SYSTEM USING FINITE ELEMENT...ijsrd.com
Double wishbone designs allow the engineer to carefully control the motion of the wheel throughout suspension travel. 3-D model of the Lower Wishbone Arm is prepared by using CAD software for modal and stress analysis. The forces and moments are used as the boundary conditions for finite element model of the wishbone arm. By using these boundary conditions static analysis is carried out. Then making the load as a function of time; quasi-static analysis of the wishbone arm is carried out. A finite element based optimization is used to optimize the design of lower wishbone arm. Topology optimization and material optimization techniques are used to optimize lower wishbone arm design.
A Review: Microwave Energy for materials processingijsrd.com
Microwave energy is a latest largest growing technique for material processing. This paper presents a review of microwave technologies used for material processing and its use for industrial applications. Advantages in using microwave energy for processing material include rapid heating, high heating efficiency, heating uniformity and clean energy. The microwave heating has various characteristics and due to which it has been become popular for heating low temperature applications to high temperature applications. In recent years this novel technique has been successfully utilized for the processing of metallic materials. Many researchers have reported microwave energy for sintering, joining and cladding of metallic materials. The aim of this paper is to show the use of microwave energy not only for non-metallic materials but also the metallic materials. The ability to process metals with microwave could assist in the manufacturing of high performance metal parts desired in many industries, for example in automotive and aeronautical industries.
Web Usage Mining: A Survey on User's Navigation Pattern from Web Logsijsrd.com
With an expontial growth of World Wide Web, there are so many information overloaded and it became hard to find out data according to need. Web usage mining is a part of web mining, which deal with automatic discovery of user navigation pattern from web log. This paper presents an overview of web mining and also provide navigation pattern from classification and clustering algorithm for web usage mining. Web usage mining contain three important task namely data preprocessing, pattern discovery and pattern analysis based on discovered pattern. And also contain the comparative study of web mining techniques.
APPLICATION OF STATCOM to IMPROVED DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF POWER SYSTEMijsrd.com
Application of FACTS controller called Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOM to improve the performance of power grid with Wind Farms is investigated .The essential feature of the STATCOM is that it has the ability to absorb or inject fastly the reactive power with power grid . Therefore the voltage regulation of the power grid with STATCOM FACTS device is achieved. Moreover restoring the stability of the power system having wind farm after occurring severe disturbance such as faults or wind farm mechanical power variation is obtained with STATCOM controller . The dynamic model of the power system having wind farm controlled by proposed STATCOM is developed . To validate the powerful of the STATCOM FACTS controller, the studied power system is simulated and subjected to different severe disturbances. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM controller in terms of fast damping the power system oscillations and restoring the power system stability.
Making model of dual axis solar tracking with Maximum Power Point Trackingijsrd.com
Now a days solar harvesting is more popular. As the popularity become higher the material quality and solar tracking methods are more improved. There are several factors affecting the solar system. Major influence on solar cell, intensity of source radiation and storage techniques The materials used in solar cell manufacturing limit the efficiency of solar cell. This makes it particularly difficult to make considerable improvements in the performance of the cell, and hence restricts the efficiency of the overall collection process. Therefore, the most attainable maximum power point tracking method of improving the performance of solar power collection is to increase the mean intensity of radiation received from the source used. The purposed of tracking system controls elevation and orientation angles of solar panels such that the panels always maintain perpendicular to the sunlight. The measured variables of our automatic system were compared with those of a fixed angle PV system. As a result of the experiment, the voltage generated by the proposed tracking system has an overall of about 28.11% more than the fixed angle PV system. There are three major approaches for maximizing power extraction in medium and large scale systems. They are sun tracking, maximum power point (MPP) tracking or both.
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
This document summarizes a review paper on performance and emission testing of a 4-stroke diesel engine using ethanol-diesel blends at different pressures. The paper reviews several previous studies that tested blends of 5-30% ethanol mixed with diesel fuel. The studies found that a 10-20% ethanol blend can improve brake thermal efficiency compared to pure diesel, while also reducing emissions like NOx and smoke. Higher ethanol blends required advancing the injection timing to allow the engine to run. Ethanol-diesel blends were found to have lower density, viscosity, pour point and higher flash point compared to pure diesel. Overall, ethanol shows potential as a renewable fuel to improve engine performance and reduce emissions when blended with diesel
Study and Review on Various Current Comparatorsijsrd.com
This paper presents study and review on various current comparators. It also describes low voltage current comparator using flipped voltage follower (FVF) to obtain the single supply voltage. This circuit has short propagation delay and occupies a small chip area as compare to other current comparators. The results of this circuit has obtained using PSpice simulator for 0.18 μm CMOS technology and a comparison has been performed with its non FVF counterpart to contrast its effectiveness, simplicity, compactness and low power consumption.
Reducing Silicon Real Estate and Switching Activity Using Low Power Test Patt...ijsrd.com
Power dissipation is a challenging problem for today's system-on-chip design and test. This paper presents a novel architecture which generates the test patterns with reduced switching activities; it has the advantage of low test power and low hardware overhead. The proposed LP-TPG (test pattern generator) structure consists of modified low power linear feedback shift register (LP-LFSR), m-bit counter, gray counter, NOR-gate structure and XOR-array. The seed generated from LP-LFSR is EXCLUSIVE-OR ed with the data generated from gray code generator. The XOR result of the sequence is single input changing (SIC) sequence, in turn reduces the switching activity and so power dissipation will be very less. The proposed architecture is simulated using Modelsim and synthesized using Xilinx ISE9.2.The Xilinx chip scope tool will be used to test the logic running on FPGA.
Defending Reactive Jammers in WSN using a Trigger Identification Service.ijsrd.com
In the last decade, the greatest threat to the wireless sensor network has been Reactive Jamming Attack because it is difficult to be disclosed and defend as well as due to its mass destruction to legitimate sensor communications. As discussed above about the Reactive Jammers Nodes, a new scheme to deactivate them efficiently is by identifying all trigger nodes, where transmissions invoke the jammer nodes, which has been proposed and developed. Due to this identification mechanism, many existing reactive jamming defending schemes can be benefited. This Trigger Identification can also work as an application layer .In this paper, on one side we provide the several optimization problems to provide complete trigger identification service framework for unreliable wireless sensor networks and on the other side we also provide an improved algorithm with regard to two sophisticated jamming models, in order to enhance its robustness for various network scenarios.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
CFD Analysis of a Cyclone Seperator
1. IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 2, Issue 09, 2014 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 322
CFD Analysis of a Cyclone Seperator
Sumalatha Tankari1
Pradeep Halder2
Edla Franklin3
K.Vineetha Peter4
,
Kalyan Aravalli5
1,2,3,4
Department of Mechanical Engineering 5
Department of Electrical Engineering
1,2,3,4
CBIT, Hyderabad, Telangana state, SRM University, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract— This work deals with the application of
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for cyclone modeling
on three-dimensional unstructured mesh using the Reynolds
Stress turbulence model, a standard k-ε or a k-ω model and
Large Eddy simulation. Large-eddy simulations (LES) is
performed on the gas flow in a cyclone at Re = 280,000.
Numerical analysis of flow characteristics and separation
efficiency in a high-efficiency cyclone is carried out. The
model is only estimated the cyclone's performance under the
limited environments; it is difficult to obtain a general
model for all the types of cyclones. The purpose of this
study is to find out the flow characteristics and separation
efficiency numerically using ANSYS Fluent software. The
Reynolds stress model (RSM), standard k-ε model and
Large Eddy simulations are used in this work to know the
flow separation characteristics. The models represent the 3-
D, time-dependent flow analysis. CFD velocity profiles, and
pressure drops for all the time-dependent flows are
compared and discussed. Some details of the flow in the
relatively small region in the vicinity of the inlet have strong
influence on the separation process is checked with the
simulations. The cyclone flow field pattern is simulated and
analyzed with the aid of velocity components and static
pressure contour plots.
Keywords: Cyclonic Separation, K-Epsilon, Large Eddy
simulation, Hydrocyclone, Recirculation, RSM
I. INTRODUCTION
Cyclonic separation is a method of removing particulates
from an air, gas or liquid stream, without the use of filters,
through vortex separation. Rotational effects and gravity are
used to separate mixtures of solids and fluids. The method
can also be used to separate fine droplets of liquid from a
gaseous stream.
A high speed rotating (air) flow is established
within a cylindrical or conical container called a cyclone.
Air flows in a helical pattern, beginning at the top (wide
end) of the cyclone and ending at the bottom (narrow) end
before exiting the cyclone in a straight stream through the
center of the cyclone and out the top. Larger (denser)
particles in the rotating stream have too much inertia to
follow the tight curve of the stream, and strike the outside
wall, then falling to the bottom of the cyclone where they
can be removed. In a conical system, as the rotating flow
moves towards the narrow end of the cyclone, the rotational
radius of the stream is reduced, thus separating smaller and
smaller particles[1]. The cyclone geometry, together with
flow rate, defines the cut point of the cyclone. This is the
size of particle that will be removed from the stream with
50% efficiency. Particles larger than the cut point will be
removed with a greater efficiency, and smaller particles with
a lower.
Large scale cyclones are used in sawmills to
remove sawdust from extracted air. Cyclones are also used
in oil refineries to separate oils and gases, and in the cement
industry as components of kiln preheaters. Cyclones are
increasingly used in the household, as the core technology in
bagless types of portable vacuum cleaners and central
vacuum cleaners[2]. Cyclones are also used in industrial and
professional kitchen ventilation for separating the grease
from the exhaust air in extraction hoods. Smaller cyclones
are used to separate airborne particles for analysis. Some are
small enough to be worn clipped to clothing, and are used to
separate respirable particles for later analysis.
Analogous devices for separating particles or solids
from liquids are called hydrocyclones or hydroclones. These
may be used to separate solid waste from water in
wastewater and sewage treatment.
A. Dust collector
A dust collector is a system used to enhance the quality of
air released from industrial and commercial processes by
collecting dust and other impurities from air or gas[3].
Designed to handle high-volume dust loads, a dust collector
system consists of a blower, dust filter, a filter-cleaning
system, and a dust receptacle or dust removal system. It is
distinguished from air cleaners, which use disposable filters
to remove dust.
Fig. 1: Cyclone separator
Airflow diagram for Aerodyne cyclone in standard
vertical position. Secondary air flow is injected to reduce
wall abrasion. Airflow diagram for Aerodyne cyclone in
horizontal position, an alternate design. Secondary air flow
is injected to reduce wall abrasion, and to help move
collected particulates to hopper for extraction.
An alternative cyclone design uses a secondary air
flow within the cyclone to keep the collected particles from
striking the walls, to protect them from abrasion. The
primary air flow containing the particulates enters from the
bottom of the cyclone and is forced into spiral rotation by
stationary spinner vanes[4]. The secondary air flow enters
from the top of the cyclone and moves downward toward
the bottom, intercepting the particulate from the primary air.
The secondary air flow also allows the collector to
optionally be mounted horizontally, because it pushes the
particulate toward the collection area, and does not rely
solely on gravity to perform this function.
2. CFD Analysis of a Cyclone Seperator
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 09/2014/072)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 323
Fig. 2 Schematic view of cyclone separator
Reverse flow cyclones are probably the most
widely used separator devices in industrial environments,
being applied in many industrial branches, ranging from
food and pharmaceutical industries to mining and
petrochemical industries. Their popularity is based on their
relative geometrical simplicity, low manufacturing,
operational and maintenance costs. Despite their deceitful
simplicity, cyclones are complicated to design and hardly
optimized, since the flow field within them is extremely
complex [5]. The RSM model is naturally suitable for
calculating the average properties of swirling flows as it is
capable of handling anisotropic effects. This has been
extensively demonstrated [6-7].
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
A. Discrete Phase Model
The Discrete Phase Model tracks the motion of individual
(discrete) particles. Note that the same principles apply
whether the object is a solid p, q p article, or as in this case,
a liquid droplet. The trajectory of each particle (droplet) is
computed over a large number of steps as it passes through
the flow domain. Since we know the mass and the surface
area of each particle at each step the solver can compute and
the surface area of each particle, at each step the solver can
compute the balance of forces acting on it. Integrated over
the flow domain, the overall trajectory can be
determined[8]. Unlike the continuous phase (air) where
material flows through the grid cells (known as an
‘Eulerian‘ reference frame), the DPM moves particles were
each particle has its own x,y,z co-ordinate (known as a
‘Lagrangian’ reference frame). In this case the particles
(droplets) are inert, however the DPM does support much
more complex cases where the particles may evaporate or
combust.
B. Setup Single Phase
General - Enable gravity: -9.81 m/s² in y-direction
to include the effect of gravitational force on the
droplets.
Models – Turbulent Flow (Re~400,000*)
Enable the Realizable k-epsilon Model With
Enhanced Wall Treatment
Materials – Process Gas assumed to be Air
Process Gas and Liquid Droplets come into a
Reactor
We will use the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) to
track the Liquid Droplets
For the process, it is important that only small
droplets come into the Reaction Zone, to avoid
blockage in the catalyst.
If droplets hit the Reactor Wall, they run down –
So, it is not necessary to treat them as droplets after
hitting the wall – Larger droplets will be removed
with this logic and only smaller droplets will stay
in the domain and pass through to the outlet which
is the inlet to the reaction zone.
The problem is treated as isothermal
Fig. 3: Schematic view of cyclone separator
The geometric model of cyclone separator is as
shown in the below Fig. 3. Modeling of cyclone separator is
carried out on gambit and element mesh of tetrahedron with
1.2 million elements as shown in the Fig. 5.
Fig. 4: Cyclone separator 3D model
Fig. 5: Tetrahedron meshing for cyclone reactor (1.2 million
elements)
The converged mesh of cyclone separator shown in
Fig.5 is made of tetrahedron elements, and mesh gradation is
followed based on the geometry and other associated
conditions with the model and boundary conditions
3. CFD Analysis of a Cyclone Seperator
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 09/2014/072)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 324
C. K-epsilon model
Fig. 6: Variation of velocity magnitude.
The above contour shows that velocity variation of
air in cyclone separator. From the above Fig 6 it is observed
that maximum is 23.1 m/s at top side and it is due to the
inlet particles.
Fig. 7: Variation of turbulent kinetic energy in cyclone
separator
The turbulent kinetic energy variation in the
separator given in Fig. 7. It shows the maximum turbulent
kinetic energy at the middle because in standard K-Epsilon
model the particle flows at the middle section of the cyclone
separator. The concentration turbulence of kinetic energy
increasing gradually to maximum of 1.15e3 K towards the
center.
Fig. 8: Variation of wall shear stress
Fig. 9: Variation of velocity magnitude of cyclone separator.
The Fig 9 shows the variation of the velocity plot
inside the cyclone separator. From the Figure it is observed
that the velocity is increasing at the top side of cyclone
separator. The maximum velocity inside the scramjet is
2.31e3 m/s.
Fig. 10: Variation of static pressure.
From the above Fig. 10 it is clear wall static pressure is
maximum of 3.65 e2 pascal at the top inlet wall and it is
minimum at the outlet.
D. Large Eddy Simulation
The Fig 11 static pressure variation in the cyclone separator
,From the Figure it is clear that at the entrance up to some
distance the maximum of static pressure 1.29 e3 bar is seen,
it is decreased to 3.43e0 bar at the outlet of the cyclone
separator. The maximum pressure at the inlet is due to the
particles striking the walls. The Fig 12 shows the Variation
of static pressure in cyclone separator the maximum shear
stress of 1.29 e3 is at the outlet of the cyclone separator the
minimum
Fig. 11: Variation of static pressure in cyclone separator
Fig. 12: Variation of wall shear stress in cyclone separator
4. CFD Analysis of a Cyclone Seperator
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 09/2014/072)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 325
Fig. 13: Variation of static pressure in cyclone separator.
Fig 13 shows the variation in velocity magnitude
the maximum value of 35.4 m/s inside the cyclone separator
Fig. 14: Variation of velocity magnitude in cyclone
separator of LES.
Fig. 15: Variation of maximum static pressure in cyclone
separator of LES
The Fig 14 Variation of velocity magnitude in the
cyclone separator, from the figure it is clear that at the walls
the maximum static pressure of 1.17e3 bar in the cyclone
separator. But in the Fig 15 the maximum pressure of 1.29
e3 bar is at the inlet
Fig. 16: Static pressure variations in cyclone separator using
RSM model.
The Fig 16 static pressure variation in the cyclone
separator, from the figure it is clear that at the walls the
maximum static pressure is 5.44e2 bar, it is decreased. The
Fig 17 shows the variation of the velocity plot inside the
cyclone separator. From the Figure it is observed that the
velocity is increasing at the top side of cyclone separator.
The maximum velocity inside the cyclone separator is 29.2
m/s. The above Fig 18 shows the particles pathlines in
Reynolds stress model of a cyclone separator0
Fig. 17: Variation of velocity magnitude of cyclone
separator using RSM model
Fig. 18: Variation of particle pathlines of cyclone separator
with RSM model
Fig. 19: Variation of turbulent kinetic energy in cyclone
separator
Fig 19 shows the Variation of turbulent kinetic
energy in cyclone separator the maximum turbulence kinetic
energy is at the outlet of 3.80e0 m2
/s2
.
Fig. 20: Variation of wall shear stress in cyclone separator
5. CFD Analysis of a Cyclone Seperator
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 09/2014/072)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 326
The above Fig 20 shows the wall shear stress is maximum at
the walls on the top side at inlet the maximum of 2.02 e0
pascals
Model
type
Velocity,
m/s
Pressure,
Pa
Turbulent
kinetic
energy, m2
/s2
Shear
stress,
Pa
K-
epsilon
2.31 365 115 2.38
LES 35.4 1170 7.05 e-4 5.29
RSM 29.2 544 3.80 2.12
Table 1: Variation of velocity, pressure, kinetic energy and
shear stress in different models
The fig 21 shows the variation of pressure in Large
eddy simulation, Reynolds stress model and K-epsilon. It is
clear that the variation of pressure inside the cyclone
separator more in LES model on the either sides of axis,
where as the two models has less variation in pressure drop
towards positive axis than negative axis. In fig 22 the
variation of velocities of different models can be observed,
LES model has more velocity.
Fig. 21: Variation of pressure with the radial distance in
various models
Fig. 22: Variation of velocity with the radial distance in
various models
Fig. 23: Variation of turbulence with the radial distance in
various models
The fig 23 shows the variation of turbulence in
LES, RSM, K-epsilon models with respect to radial
distance. Among the three models standard k-epsilon model
has more turbulence as this model has more turbulence
inside the cyclone separator as the particle flow is turbulent
III. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK
The following conclusions are drawn from the present work
A. Conclusions
In this work, the effect of mass-loading on the gas
flow and solid particle motion in a cyclone
separator has been studied numerically. The
simulations confirm that the separation process
involves an interplay between centrifugal forces
induced by swirl, and dispersion due to turbulence.
Depending on the relative extents of turbulence
attenuation and weakening of swirl intensity, the
efficiency of the cyclone can either increase or
decrease.
The amplitude of the vortex core precession
strongly depends on the axial position in the
cyclone
The complicated flow region in the top part of the
cyclone (the region that contains the connection of
the inlet channel to the cyclone body, as well as the
vortex finder) is decisive for the separation
behavior of particles slightly larger than the cut-
size.
The variation of pressure in Large eddy simulation
is greater than the Reynolds stress model and K-
epsilon model. It is clear that the variation of
pressure inside the cyclone separator more in LES
model on the either sides of axis, where as the two
models has less variation in pressure drop towards
positive axis than negative axis.
The variation of velocities of different models can
be observed, LES model has more velocity (35.4
m/s) where as the velocities in Reynolds stress
model is 29.2m/s and and K-epsilon model is
2.31m/s
B. Future Scope Of Work
As a last remark, from both the experimental and simulation
points of view, the grade efficiency is the final result of a
combination of geometry, flow conditions and particle
dynamics. It thus conveys all the errors possibly incurred in
each measurement/calculation. Taking into account the
complexity of the very intrinsic phenomena present in the
gas–solid flow in cyclones, the results for the grade
efficiency are need to be studied further.
REFERENCES
[1] T.G. Chuah, J. Gimbun, T.S.Y. Choong, A CFD
study of the effect of cone dimensions on sampling
aerocyclones performance and hydrodynamics,
Powder Technology 162 (2006) 126–132.
[2] M. Azadi, M. Azadi, A. Mohebbi, A CFD study of
the effect of cyclone size on its performance
parameters, Journal of Hazardous Materials 182
(2010) 835–841.
6. CFD Analysis of a Cyclone Seperator
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 09/2014/072)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 327
[3] A. Raoufi, M. Shams, M. Farzaneh, R. Ebrahimi,
Numerical simulation and optimization of fluid flow
in a cyclone vortex finder, Chemical Engineering and
Processing 47 (2008) 128–137.
[4] K.U. Bhaskar, Y.R. Murthy, M.R. Raju, S. Tiwari,
J.K. Srivastava, N. Ramakrishnan, CFD simulation
and experimental validation studies on hydrocyclone,
Minerals Engineering 20 (2007) 60–71.
[5] A.C. Hoffman, L.E. Stein, Gas Cyclones and Swirl
Tubes: Principles, Design and Operation, Springer,
2008.
[6] L. Shi, D. Bayless, Comparison of boundary
conditions for predicting the collection efficiency of
cyclones, Powder Technology 173 (2007) 29–37. A.
Kepa, Divison of outlet flow in a cyclone vortex
finder-the CFD calculations, Separation and
Purification Technology 75 (2010) 127–131.
[7] J. Gimbun, T.G. Chuah, T.S.Y. Choong, A. Fakhru’l-
Razi, Prediction of the effects of cone ip diameter on
the cyclone performance, Aerosol Science 36 (2005)
1056–1065.
[8] S. Bernardo, M. Mori, A.P. Peres, R.P. Dionísio, 3-D
computational fluid dynamics for gas and gas–
particle flows in a cyclone with different inlet section
angles, Powder Technology 162 (2006) 190–200.