The removal of harmful particulate matter from power plant flue gas is of critical importance to the environment and its inhabitants. The present work illustrates the use of multi-cyclone separators to remove the particulate matter from the bulk of the gas exhausted to the atmosphere. The method has potential to replace conventional systems like electrostatic precipitator due to inherent low power requirement and low maintenance. A parametric model may be employed to design the system based on the requirement of the power station. The present work describes the simulation of flue gas flow through a cyclonic separator. A Finite volume approach has been used and the pressure-velocity coupling is resolved using the SIMPLE algorithm. Discrete phase model is used to inject solid particles from inlet. In this numerical analysis a cluster of four cyclonic separators are considered. Comparisons are made between the available experimental results and the computational work for validation of the numerical models and schemes employed in the work. The separation efficiency and particle trajectories are shown and found comparable to similar cases from literature. The experimental results correlate well for the model under consideration.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
LES Analysis on Confined Swirling Flow in a Gas Turbine Swirl BurnerROSHAN SAH
This presentation describes a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) investigation into flow fields in a model gas turbine combustor equipped with a swirl burner. A probability density function was used to describe the interaction physics of chemical reaction and turbulent flow as liquid fuel was directly injected into the combustion chamber and rapidly mixed with the swirling air. Simulation results showed that heat release during combustion accelerated the axial velocity motion and made the recirculation zone more compact
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
LES Analysis on Confined Swirling Flow in a Gas Turbine Swirl BurnerROSHAN SAH
This presentation describes a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) investigation into flow fields in a model gas turbine combustor equipped with a swirl burner. A probability density function was used to describe the interaction physics of chemical reaction and turbulent flow as liquid fuel was directly injected into the combustion chamber and rapidly mixed with the swirling air. Simulation results showed that heat release during combustion accelerated the axial velocity motion and made the recirculation zone more compact
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The use of Cellular Automata is extended in various disciplines for the modeling of complex system procedures. Their inherent simplicity and their natural parallelism make them a very efficient tool for the simulation of large scale physical phenomena. We explore the framework of Cellular Automata to develop a physically based model for the spatial and temporal prediction of shallow landslides. Particular weight is given to the modeling of hydrological processes in order to investigate the hydrological triggering mechanisms and the importance of continuous modeling of water balance to detect timing and location of soil slips occurrences. Specifically, the 3D flow of water and the resulting water balance in the unsaturated and saturated zone is modeled taking into account important phenomena such as hydraulic hysteresis and evapotranspiration. In this poster the hydrological component of the model will be presented and tested against well established benchmark experiments [Vauclin et al, 1975; Vauclin et al, 1979]. Furthermore, we investigate the applicability of incorporating it in a hydrological catchment model for the prediction (temporal and spatial) of rainfall-triggered shallow landslides.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of Rotation on a Layer of Micro-Polar Ferromagnetic Dusty Fluid Heated...IJERA Editor
This paper deals with the theoretical investigation of effect of rotation on micro-polar ferromagnetic dusty fluid
layer heated from below in a porous medium. Linear stability analysis and normal mode analysis methods are
used to find an exact solution for a flat micro-polar ferromagnetic fluid layer contained between two free
boundaries . In case of stationary convection, the effect of various parameters like medium permeability
parameter, non-buoyancy magnetization parameter, micro-polar coupling parameter, spin-diffusion parameter,
micro-polar heat conduction parameter, dust particles parameter and rotation parameter has been analyzed and
results are depicted graphically. In the absence of dust particles, rotation, micro-viscous effect and micro-inertia,
the sufficient condition is obtained for non-oscillatory modes
Exact Analytical Expression for Outgoing Intensity from the Top of the Atmosp...IOSR Journals
This research is a part of the work devoted on the application of analytical Discrete Ordinate (ADO) method to the polarized monochromatic radiative transfer equation undergoing anisotropic scattering with source function matrix in a finite coupled Atmosphere –Ocean media having flat interface boundary conditions involving specular reflection and transmission matrix. Discontinuities in the derivatives of the Stokes vector with respect to the cosine of the polar angle at smooth interface between the two media with different refractive indices (air and water) is tackled by using a suitable quadrature scheme devised earlier. Atmosphere and ocean are assumed to be homogeneous. No stratification is adopted in the two media. Exact expression for the
emergent radiation intensity vector from the top of the atmosphere is derived. Exact expressions for the emergent polarized radiation intensity vector from the air-water interface as well as from any point of the two medium in any direction can also be derived in terms of eigenvectors and eigenvalues.
The SpaceDrive Project - First Results on EMDrive and Mach-Effect ThrustersSérgio Sacani
Propellantless propulsion is believed to be the best option for interstellar travel. However, photon rockets or solar sails have thrusts so low that maybe only nano-scaled spacecraft may reach the next star within our lifetime using very high-power laser beams. Following into the footsteps of earlier breakthrough propulsion programs, we are investigating different concepts based on non-classical/revolutionary propulsion ideas that claim to be at least an order of magnitude more efficient in producing thrust compared to photon rockets. Our intention is to develop an excellent research infrastructure to test new ideas and measure thrusts and/or artefacts with high confidence to determine if a concept works and if it does how to scale it up. At present, we are focusing on two possible revolutionary concepts: The EMDrive and the Mach-Effect Thruster. The first concept uses microwaves in a truncated cone-shaped cavity that is claimed to produce thrust. Although it is not clear on which theoretical basis this can work, several experimental tests have been reported in the literature, which warrants a closer examination. The second concept is believed to generate mass fluctuations in a piezo-crystal stack that creates non-zero time-averaged thrusts. Here we are reporting first results of our improved thrust balance as well as EMDrive and Mach-Effect thruster models. Special attention is given to the investigation and identification of error sources that cause false thrust signals. Our results show that the magnetic interaction from not sufficiently shielded cables or thrusters are a major factor that needs to be taken into account for proper μN thrust measurements for these type of devices.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
MHD Nanofluid Flow Analysis in a Semi-Porous Channel by a Combined Series Sol...A Behzadmehr
In this paper, Least Square Method (LSM) and Differential Transformation Method (DTM) are used to solve the problem of laminar nanofluid flow in a semi-porous channel in the presence of transverse magnetic field. Due to existence some shortcomings in each method, a novel and efficient method named LS-DTM is introduced which omitted those defects and has an excellent agreement with numerical solution. In the present study, the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid are calculated by Maxwell–Garnetts (MG) and Brinkman models, respectively. The influence of the three dimensionless numbers: the nanofluid volume friction, Hartmann number and Reynolds number on non-dimensional velocity profile are considered. The results show that velocity boundary layer thickness decrease with increase of Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume friction and it increases as Hartmann number increases.
Effect of Turbulence Model in Numerical Simulation of Single Round Jet at Low...ijceronline
Single axi-symmetric round jet flow was analyzed using computational techniques and validated with experimental results to establish the suitable turbulence model for simulation of low Reynolds number jets exiting from fully developed pipe. This work is performed as an initial study before computationally simulating multiple impinging jets. To this end a single round jet at Reynolds number of 7500 exiting from a fully developed pipe and entering into stationary air was modeled. Velocity and turbulence profiles were extracted from the simulation and validated with in-house experimental results. It was observed that although all the four turbulence models studied were able to closely predict the mean velocity field, they were not able to accurately predict the turbulence intensity distributions. From the models studied, it was concluded that SST k- ω model was the best turbulence model for simulating low Reynolds number jet flow exiting from fully developed pipe.
Flower Pollination for Rotary Inverted Pendulum Stabilization with DelayTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Flower pollination is a single objective optimization technique which as a unconstrained
optimization method is applied for the stabilization of the rotary inverted pendulum system. It was observed
that the flower pollination method gave better sensitivity in control of the pendulum about its upright
unstable equilibrium position with less time and definitely indicated that the method is an energy efficient
method when compared with other methods like direct pole placement. This method yielded results under
the influence of time delay and have proven that the influence of time delay is significantly felt and would
cause loss of energy, however the presence of flower pollination for optimization minimizes the loss
incurred due to time delay and makes the system significant in terms of sensitivity.
Radial Derivative and Radial Inversion for Interpreting 4D Gravity Anomaly Du...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The 4D gravity or time lapse gravity has been used many reseracher to identify fluid injection in oil reservoir. The objective of this study is to find the better way in interpreting 4D gravity anomaly due to fluid injection around the reservoir. Radial Derivatives are derivative values of gravity anomalies against horizontal distances in the radial direction. Radial inversion is a two-dimensional inversion of lines with radial directions resulting in a 3-dimension model. Time lapse microgravity research have been performed in “X Oil Field” with amount of 604 data point covering area of 4000 m x 5000 m. This Radial derivative and Radial inversion have been aplied at an injection well of the X oil field. The yield show that 4D gravity anomaly value due to injection is 0.02 mGal to 0.36 mGal. Radial derivative value in the area is 0 micro Gal/cm to 0,012 mGal/meter. Radial inversion shows radius of fluid front movement is 304 meters to 1120 meters. Radial derivative and Radial inversion have been proven fairly good to identify injected fluid movement in the reservoir.
Non-Darcy Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Flow in a Vertical Channel with C...IJERA Editor
In this paper, We made an attempt to study thermo-diffusion and dissipation effect on non-Darcy convective
heat and Mass transfer flow of a viscous fluid through a porous medium in a vertical channel with Radiation and
heat sources. The governing equations of flow, heat and mass transfer are solved by using regular perturbation
method with δ, the porosity parameter as a perturbation parameter. The velocity, temperature, concentration,
shear stress and rate of Heat and Mass transfer are evaluated numerically for different variations of parameter.
A Computational Analysis of Flow StructureThrough Constant Area S-DuctIJERA Editor
This paper presents the results of an experimental work with measurement of mean velocity contours in 2-D form and validation of the same with numerical results based on the y+ approach at fully developed flow for various turbulent models like, k-ε model, k-ω model, RNG k-ε model and Reynolds Stress Model (RSM), are used to solve the problem. All the turbulence models are studied in the commercial CFD code of Fluent. The experiment is carried out at mass averaged mean velocity of 40m/s and the geometry of the duct is chosen as rectangular cross-section of 45°/45° curved constant area S-duct. In the present paper the computational results obtained from the different turbulence models are compared with the experimental results. In addition to this for validation of the numerical simulation near wall treatments for fully developed flow or log-law region are also investigated for wall 30<y+><300 in the region where turbulent shear dominates. It is concluded from the present study that the mesh resolving the fully turbulent region is sufficiently accurate in terms of qualitative features. Here RSM turbulence model predicts the best results while comparing with the experimental results.RSM model also predicts the flow properties more consistently because it accounts for grid independence test.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The use of Cellular Automata is extended in various disciplines for the modeling of complex system procedures. Their inherent simplicity and their natural parallelism make them a very efficient tool for the simulation of large scale physical phenomena. We explore the framework of Cellular Automata to develop a physically based model for the spatial and temporal prediction of shallow landslides. Particular weight is given to the modeling of hydrological processes in order to investigate the hydrological triggering mechanisms and the importance of continuous modeling of water balance to detect timing and location of soil slips occurrences. Specifically, the 3D flow of water and the resulting water balance in the unsaturated and saturated zone is modeled taking into account important phenomena such as hydraulic hysteresis and evapotranspiration. In this poster the hydrological component of the model will be presented and tested against well established benchmark experiments [Vauclin et al, 1975; Vauclin et al, 1979]. Furthermore, we investigate the applicability of incorporating it in a hydrological catchment model for the prediction (temporal and spatial) of rainfall-triggered shallow landslides.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of Rotation on a Layer of Micro-Polar Ferromagnetic Dusty Fluid Heated...IJERA Editor
This paper deals with the theoretical investigation of effect of rotation on micro-polar ferromagnetic dusty fluid
layer heated from below in a porous medium. Linear stability analysis and normal mode analysis methods are
used to find an exact solution for a flat micro-polar ferromagnetic fluid layer contained between two free
boundaries . In case of stationary convection, the effect of various parameters like medium permeability
parameter, non-buoyancy magnetization parameter, micro-polar coupling parameter, spin-diffusion parameter,
micro-polar heat conduction parameter, dust particles parameter and rotation parameter has been analyzed and
results are depicted graphically. In the absence of dust particles, rotation, micro-viscous effect and micro-inertia,
the sufficient condition is obtained for non-oscillatory modes
Exact Analytical Expression for Outgoing Intensity from the Top of the Atmosp...IOSR Journals
This research is a part of the work devoted on the application of analytical Discrete Ordinate (ADO) method to the polarized monochromatic radiative transfer equation undergoing anisotropic scattering with source function matrix in a finite coupled Atmosphere –Ocean media having flat interface boundary conditions involving specular reflection and transmission matrix. Discontinuities in the derivatives of the Stokes vector with respect to the cosine of the polar angle at smooth interface between the two media with different refractive indices (air and water) is tackled by using a suitable quadrature scheme devised earlier. Atmosphere and ocean are assumed to be homogeneous. No stratification is adopted in the two media. Exact expression for the
emergent radiation intensity vector from the top of the atmosphere is derived. Exact expressions for the emergent polarized radiation intensity vector from the air-water interface as well as from any point of the two medium in any direction can also be derived in terms of eigenvectors and eigenvalues.
The SpaceDrive Project - First Results on EMDrive and Mach-Effect ThrustersSérgio Sacani
Propellantless propulsion is believed to be the best option for interstellar travel. However, photon rockets or solar sails have thrusts so low that maybe only nano-scaled spacecraft may reach the next star within our lifetime using very high-power laser beams. Following into the footsteps of earlier breakthrough propulsion programs, we are investigating different concepts based on non-classical/revolutionary propulsion ideas that claim to be at least an order of magnitude more efficient in producing thrust compared to photon rockets. Our intention is to develop an excellent research infrastructure to test new ideas and measure thrusts and/or artefacts with high confidence to determine if a concept works and if it does how to scale it up. At present, we are focusing on two possible revolutionary concepts: The EMDrive and the Mach-Effect Thruster. The first concept uses microwaves in a truncated cone-shaped cavity that is claimed to produce thrust. Although it is not clear on which theoretical basis this can work, several experimental tests have been reported in the literature, which warrants a closer examination. The second concept is believed to generate mass fluctuations in a piezo-crystal stack that creates non-zero time-averaged thrusts. Here we are reporting first results of our improved thrust balance as well as EMDrive and Mach-Effect thruster models. Special attention is given to the investigation and identification of error sources that cause false thrust signals. Our results show that the magnetic interaction from not sufficiently shielded cables or thrusters are a major factor that needs to be taken into account for proper μN thrust measurements for these type of devices.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
MHD Nanofluid Flow Analysis in a Semi-Porous Channel by a Combined Series Sol...A Behzadmehr
In this paper, Least Square Method (LSM) and Differential Transformation Method (DTM) are used to solve the problem of laminar nanofluid flow in a semi-porous channel in the presence of transverse magnetic field. Due to existence some shortcomings in each method, a novel and efficient method named LS-DTM is introduced which omitted those defects and has an excellent agreement with numerical solution. In the present study, the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid are calculated by Maxwell–Garnetts (MG) and Brinkman models, respectively. The influence of the three dimensionless numbers: the nanofluid volume friction, Hartmann number and Reynolds number on non-dimensional velocity profile are considered. The results show that velocity boundary layer thickness decrease with increase of Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume friction and it increases as Hartmann number increases.
Effect of Turbulence Model in Numerical Simulation of Single Round Jet at Low...ijceronline
Single axi-symmetric round jet flow was analyzed using computational techniques and validated with experimental results to establish the suitable turbulence model for simulation of low Reynolds number jets exiting from fully developed pipe. This work is performed as an initial study before computationally simulating multiple impinging jets. To this end a single round jet at Reynolds number of 7500 exiting from a fully developed pipe and entering into stationary air was modeled. Velocity and turbulence profiles were extracted from the simulation and validated with in-house experimental results. It was observed that although all the four turbulence models studied were able to closely predict the mean velocity field, they were not able to accurately predict the turbulence intensity distributions. From the models studied, it was concluded that SST k- ω model was the best turbulence model for simulating low Reynolds number jet flow exiting from fully developed pipe.
Flower Pollination for Rotary Inverted Pendulum Stabilization with DelayTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Flower pollination is a single objective optimization technique which as a unconstrained
optimization method is applied for the stabilization of the rotary inverted pendulum system. It was observed
that the flower pollination method gave better sensitivity in control of the pendulum about its upright
unstable equilibrium position with less time and definitely indicated that the method is an energy efficient
method when compared with other methods like direct pole placement. This method yielded results under
the influence of time delay and have proven that the influence of time delay is significantly felt and would
cause loss of energy, however the presence of flower pollination for optimization minimizes the loss
incurred due to time delay and makes the system significant in terms of sensitivity.
Radial Derivative and Radial Inversion for Interpreting 4D Gravity Anomaly Du...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The 4D gravity or time lapse gravity has been used many reseracher to identify fluid injection in oil reservoir. The objective of this study is to find the better way in interpreting 4D gravity anomaly due to fluid injection around the reservoir. Radial Derivatives are derivative values of gravity anomalies against horizontal distances in the radial direction. Radial inversion is a two-dimensional inversion of lines with radial directions resulting in a 3-dimension model. Time lapse microgravity research have been performed in “X Oil Field” with amount of 604 data point covering area of 4000 m x 5000 m. This Radial derivative and Radial inversion have been aplied at an injection well of the X oil field. The yield show that 4D gravity anomaly value due to injection is 0.02 mGal to 0.36 mGal. Radial derivative value in the area is 0 micro Gal/cm to 0,012 mGal/meter. Radial inversion shows radius of fluid front movement is 304 meters to 1120 meters. Radial derivative and Radial inversion have been proven fairly good to identify injected fluid movement in the reservoir.
Non-Darcy Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Flow in a Vertical Channel with C...IJERA Editor
In this paper, We made an attempt to study thermo-diffusion and dissipation effect on non-Darcy convective
heat and Mass transfer flow of a viscous fluid through a porous medium in a vertical channel with Radiation and
heat sources. The governing equations of flow, heat and mass transfer are solved by using regular perturbation
method with δ, the porosity parameter as a perturbation parameter. The velocity, temperature, concentration,
shear stress and rate of Heat and Mass transfer are evaluated numerically for different variations of parameter.
A Computational Analysis of Flow StructureThrough Constant Area S-DuctIJERA Editor
This paper presents the results of an experimental work with measurement of mean velocity contours in 2-D form and validation of the same with numerical results based on the y+ approach at fully developed flow for various turbulent models like, k-ε model, k-ω model, RNG k-ε model and Reynolds Stress Model (RSM), are used to solve the problem. All the turbulence models are studied in the commercial CFD code of Fluent. The experiment is carried out at mass averaged mean velocity of 40m/s and the geometry of the duct is chosen as rectangular cross-section of 45°/45° curved constant area S-duct. In the present paper the computational results obtained from the different turbulence models are compared with the experimental results. In addition to this for validation of the numerical simulation near wall treatments for fully developed flow or log-law region are also investigated for wall 30<y+><300 in the region where turbulent shear dominates. It is concluded from the present study that the mesh resolving the fully turbulent region is sufficiently accurate in terms of qualitative features. Here RSM turbulence model predicts the best results while comparing with the experimental results.RSM model also predicts the flow properties more consistently because it accounts for grid independence test.
Scenario of Rural Electrification in India- Challenges and ImpactIJERA Editor
In this paper, the present scenario of rural electrification in India is taken into account. Basically, the electrification in this country is facing a lot of problem and is a growing matter of concern for all. The development in production is not reaching the one who need them. Also taking into picture the present sources of energy it is difficult to make the electricity available to the people belonging to rural areas who don’t have much source of income. To overcome this drawback we can utilise renewable sources of energy which is easily available and accessible. Also harvesting this will not cost much except the initial cost of setting up the device to utilise this type of energy. Many projects have been initiated by the government of India to provide subsidy and equipments like solar lantern and solar cooker etc. to the rural population but this didn’t turn out to be effective as the follow could not be done by the people to maintain the devices. This can be overcome by implementing off-grid projects which can be initiated at small levels so that people don’t have burden to maintain them and it even don’t have any adverse effect to environment or society.
A Heuristic Approach for optimization of Non Linear process using Firefly Alg...IJERA Editor
A comparison study of Firefly Algorithm (FA) and Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFO) optimization is carried out by applying them to a Non Linear pH neutralization process. In process control engineering, the Proportional, Derivative, Integral controller tuning parameters are deciding the performance of the controller to ensure the good performance of the plant. The FA and BFO algorithms are applied to obtain the optimum values of controller parameters. The performance indicators such as servo response and regulatory response tests are carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the heuristic algorithm based controllers. The error minimization criterion such as Integral Absolute Error (IAE), Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Time Square Error (ITSE), Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) and Time domain specifications – rise time, Peak Overshoot and settling time are considered for the study of the performance of the controllers. The study indicates that, FA tuned PID controller provides marginally better set point tracking, load disturbance rejection, time domain specifications and error minimization for the Non Linear pH neutralization process compared to BFO tuned PID controller.
Analytical Study of A Two-Phase Model For Steady Flow of Blood in A Circular ...IJERA Editor
The present paper deals with a mathematical model of blood flow through narrow circular tube. The model consists of a core region of suspension of all the erythrocytes assumed to be a power law fluid and a peripheral cell-depleted layer of plasma as a Newtonian fluid. The system of differential equations has been solved analytically. The expressions for velocity profile, Bluntness parameter, flow rate, the ratio of core hematocrit to discharge hematocrit (Hc/HD), apparent viscosity (μapp), and the ratio of tube hematocrit to discharge hematocrit (HT/HD) and shear stress at the wall have obtained. Some of them have been discussed through graphs.
Design and analysis of Stress on Thick Walled Cylinder with and with out HolesIJERA Editor
The conventional elastic analysis of thick walled cylinders to final radial & hoop stresses is applicable for the internal pressures up to yield strength of material. The stress is directly proportional to strain up to yield point Beyond elastic point, particularly in thick walled cylinders. The operating pressures are reduced or the material properties are strengthened. There is no such existing theory for the stress distributions around radial holes under impact of varying internal pressure. Present work puts thrust on this area and relation between pressure and stress distribution is plotted graphically based on observations. Here focus is on pure mechanical analysis & hence thermal, effects are not considered. The thick walled cylinders with a radial cross-hole ANSYS Macro program employed to evaluate the fatigue life of vessel. Stresses that remain in material even after removing applied loads are known as residual stresses. These stresses occur only when material begins to yield plastically. Residual stresses can be present in any mechanical structure because of many causes. Residual stresses may be due to the technological process used to make the component. Manufacturing processes lead to plastic deformation. Elasto plastic analysis with bilinear kinematic hardening material is performed to know the effect of hole sizes. It is observed that there are several factors which influence stress intensity factors. The Finite element analysis is conducted using commercial solvers ANSYS & CATIA. Theoretical formulae based results are obtained from MATLAB programs. The results are presented in form of graphs and tables.
This work deals with the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for cyclone modeling on three-dimensional unstructured mesh using the Reynolds Stress turbulence model, a standard k-ε or a k-É model and Large Eddy simulation. Large-eddy simulations (LES) is performed on the gas flow in a cyclone at Re = 280,000. Numerical analysis of flow characteristics and separation efficiency in a high-efficiency cyclone is carried out. The model is only estimated the cyclone's performance under the limited environments; it is difficult to obtain a general model for all the types of cyclones. The purpose of this study is to find out the flow characteristics and separation efficiency numerically using ANSYS Fluent software. The Reynolds stress model (RSM), standard k-ε model and Large Eddy simulations are used in this work to know the flow separation characteristics. The models represent the 3-D, time-dependent flow analysis. CFD velocity profiles, and pressure drops for all the time-dependent flows are compared and discussed. Some details of the flow in the relatively small region in the vicinity of the inlet have strong influence on the separation process is checked with the simulations. The cyclone flow field pattern is simulated and analyzed with the aid of velocity components and static pressure contour plots.
A REVIEW STUDY ON GAS-SOLID CYCLONE SEPARATOR USING LAPPLE MODEL | J4RV4I1001Journal For Research
Cyclone is the most commonly used device to separate dust particles from gas and dust flow. The performance of cyclone separator can be measured in terms of collection efficiency and pressure drop. Parameters like Inlet Flow velocity, the particle size distribution in feed, dimensions of inlet and outlet ducts and cyclone affects the performance of cyclone significantly. Various Mathematical models used for calculation of cut off diameter of separator, flow rate, target efficiency and no. of vortex inside the cyclone to design and study to check the performance of existing cyclone separator. Also new dimensions can be design with help of models. Here, in this study the efficiency achieved with Lapple model cumulatively 86.47%.
Numerical Modelling of Wind Patterns around a Solar Parabolic Trough CollectorIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Flow over a Rotating Circular Cylinder u...IJERA Editor
Recent advancements in the field of computational fluid mechanics and the availability of high performance with regard to rotating software computing cylinders (RCs) have drawn attention to the field of flow accelerated corrosion. (FAC). Current studies aim to numerically predict turbulent flow characteristics around the rotating cylinder and the concomitant effects on the wall shear stresses and local mass fraction of inhibitors that are directly related to corrosion rate. This 3-D numerical investigation was carried out using the commercial CFX package from which the where SST turbulence model was selected to compute the unknown Reynolds stresses term in the incompressible and viscid form of the Navier-Stokes equation. The effect of three different cylinder rotation speeds and three brine temperatures on the wall shear stress and on brine mixing is reported. Results of the simulations revealed that both cylinder rotation speed and the temperature of the brine significantly affect wall shear stress and mixing of the inhibitor that in turn affects corrosion rate
PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID ELECTROMAGNETIC DAMPER FOR VEHICLE SUSPENSIONijiert bestjournal
Suspension systems, in the automotive application context, have been designed to maintain
contact between a vehicle’s tires and the road, and to isolate the frame of the vehicle from road
disturbances. Dampers, or so-called shock absorbers, as the undeniable heart of suspension
systems, reduce the effect of a sudden bump by smoothing out the shock. In most shock
absorbers, the energy is converted into heat via viscous fluid. In hydraulic cylinders, the
hydraulic fluid is heated up. In air cylinders, the hot air is emitted into the atmosphere. There are
several common approaches for shock absorption, including material hysteresis, dry friction,
fluid friction, compression of gas, and eddy currents.
Ijmet 08 02_029NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS FOR PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF CENTRIFUGAL ...IAEME Publication
An attempt is made in the present study to investigate the superior turbulence model for
simulating three dimensional flows in centrifugal compressor. The strong channelled curvature and
intensive rotations prevalent in centrifugal compressor resulting high swirling and secondary flow
nictitates choosing appropriate turbulence model for accurate performance predictions. The
various turbulence models offered in FLUENT viz Spalart Allmaras (curvature correction),
Transition SST (curvature correction), Scaled Adaptive Simulations (Curvature correction with
compressibility effect), Reynolds stress model (compressibility effect) were investigated presently
for Eckardt Impeller. Reynolds stress model though involves higher computational time was found
to be the superior model. It is essential to investigate the onset of surge and choke for completely
understanding the performance of a centrifugal compressor. Choking phenomena was observed
when the speed reached 16000 rpm with relative Mach number reaching unity in the impeller
region. The maximum flow rate at 16000 rpm was 0.4 kg/s per blade and remained constant then
16500 rpm. Surging was founded to initiate when the back pressure has to reach 1.8 bar resulting
in zero discharge
NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS FOR PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORIAEME Publication
An attempt is made in the present study to investigate the superior turbulence model forsimulating three dimensional flows in centrifugal compressor. The strong channelled curvature andintensive rotations prevalent in centrifugal compressor resulting high swirling and secondary flownictitates choosing appropriate turbulence model for accurate performance predictions. Thevarious turbulence models offered in FLUENT viz Spalart Allmaras (curvature correction),Transition SST (curvature correction), Scaled Adaptive Simulations (Curvature correction withcompressibility effect), Reynolds stress model (compressibility effect) were investigated presentlyfor Eckardt Impeller. Reynolds stress model though involveshigher computational time was found
to be the superior model. It is essential to investigate the onset of surge and choke for completelyunderstanding the performance of a centrifugal compressor. Choking phenomena was observedwhen the speed reached 16000 rpm with relative Mach number reaching unity in the impellerregion. The maximum flow rate at 16000 rpm was 0.4 kg/s per blade and remained constant then16500 rpm. Surging was founded to initiate when the back pressure has to reach 1.8 bar resultingin zero discharge
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Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
Numerical Study Of Flue Gas Flow In A Multi Cyclone Separator
1. Ganga Reddy C Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 1( Part 2), January 2015, pp.48-53
www.ijera.com 48 | P a g e
Numerical Study Of Flue Gas Flow In A Multi Cyclone Separator
Ganga Reddy C* Umesh Kuppuraj**
*(Mechanical Centre of Excellence, HCL Technologies, Bangalore-562106)
** (Mechanical Centre of Excellence, HCL Technologies, Bangalore-562106)
ABSTRACT
The removal of harmful particulate matter from power plant flue gas is of critical importance to the environment
and its inhabitants. The present work illustrates the use of multi-cyclone separators to remove the particulate
matter from the bulk of the gas exhausted to the atmosphere. The method has potential to replace conventional
systems like electrostatic precipitator due to inherent low power requirement and low maintenance. A parametric
model may be employed to design the system based on the requirement of the power station. The present work
describes the simulation of flue gas flow through a cyclonic separator. A Finite volume approach has been used
and the pressure-velocity coupling is resolved using the SIMPLE algorithm. Discrete phase model is used to
inject solid particles from inlet. In this numerical analysis a cluster of four cyclonic separators are considered.
Comparisons are made between the available experimental results and the computational work for validation of
the numerical models and schemes employed in the work. The separation efficiency and particle trajectories are
shown and found comparable to similar cases from literature. The experimental results correlate well for the
model under consideration.
Keywords – Flue gases, discrete phase model, computational fluid dynamics, Separation efficiency, cyclone
separator
I. INTRODUCTION
Particulates also referred to as particulate matter
(PM) or suspended particulate matters (SPM) are
tiny subdivisions of solid material suspended in a
fluid. Particulates are naturally in nature like those in
volcanoes, dust storms and sea spray; while others
are created by human activities like combustion of
fossil fuels in power generation, propulsion and
various industrial processes.
Many different processes are employed to separate
particulate matter in power plants such as:
Bag Filters
Gravitational Separator
Electrostatic precipitators
Cyclone Separators
Of all the devices used to separate dust from gas
flows Cyclone Separators finds wide application in
the industry today due to its inherent advantage like
geometric simplicity, low power consumption and
flexibility with regard to operating conditions. The
illustration and model is shown in fig.1 and fig. 2
respectively [3].
Fig.1 General depiction of Cyclone Separator
(Source:imimg.com)
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Ganga Reddy C Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 1( Part 2), January 2015, pp.48-53
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Fig.2 General Depiction of Cyclone Separator
(Source: ssenvirotech.com)
The typical geometry of a gas cyclone is used to
separate particles from a gaseous stream. The
cyclone utilizes the energy obtained from the fluid
pressure gradient to create rotational fluid motion.
This rotational motion causes the dispersed phase to
separate relatively fast due to the strong acting
forces. In widely used reverse flow cyclones of the
cylinder, gases spiral down from a tangential inlet
towards the apex of a conical section, where the flow
is reversed and the particles are collected in a dust
collector. The continuous phase then proceeds
upward in an inner core flow towards the gas exit
passing through the vortex finder. Swirl and
turbulence are the two challenging actions
responsible for separation process; swirl induces a
centrifugal force on the solids phase which is the
driving force behind the separation. Prediction of the
separation process therefore requires an adequate
representation of the gas flow field (including its
turbulence characteristics) in the presence of a
particulate phase.
The Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) was selected
to simulate the strongly swirling turbulent flow in
the annular space of a cyclone separator by Xue et
al. [5]. They concluded that the predictions with the
Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) are in reasonable
agreement with experimental results, and it reveals
that the RSM is suitable for investigating the flow of
cyclone separators.
II. COMPUTATIONAL MODEL
The illustration below is the graphical
representation of the geometric model being
considered for the CFD analysis. The model
constitutes of four individual cyclone separators
connected around the circumference of a common
inlet.
The flow is being fed through the inlet (shown
in red) against gravity into the cyclones via a
tangential inlet. The flow progresses into the
cyclones and then
Fig.3 Computational model illustrating the common
inlet (Red), the cluster of cyclones (Green) and the
outlet (Grey)
through the dust outlet at the bottom. The gas outlet
is positioned at the top and the four outlets are
connected to a solitary chamber which exhausts
downstream and/ or into the atmosphere.
The inlet is modeled with a diameter of 1m. The
total inlet area is 0.793 m2. The cyclone has a total
height of 2.45 m while the diameter is 0.889m. The
cyclone bottom or the dust outlet is 0.439 m2 while
the outlet discharging into the atmosphere is
0.748m2
III. DOMAIN DISCRETIZATION
A single cyclone model was discretized using
hexahedral cells owing to their superior
characteristics. The single cyclone was composed of
93096 elements and these were arrayed around the
axis of the tangential inlet’s circumference to evolve
a multi-cyclone model comprising of 4 individual
cyclone separators connected via a common inlet.
The total cell count of the computational domain
excluding the domain extension numbered at
835944.
3. Ganga Reddy C Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 1( Part 2), January 2015, pp.48-53
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Fig.4 Meshed model of the cyclones
Fig 5. Mesh model of computational domain
1. Fig. 6 Sectional view of computational domain
IV. NUMERICAL SETTINGS
FLUENT is a commercially offered CFD code
which employs the finite volume formulation to
accomplish coupled or segregated calculations (with
reference to the conservation of mass, momentum
and energy equations). For turbulent flow in
cyclones, success of CFD is consummate with the
accurate depiction of the turbulent behavior of the
flow.
To model the swirling turbulent flow in a
cyclone separator, there are a number of turbulence
models available in FLUENT. These range from the
standard K-ε model to the more complicated
Reynolds stress model (RSM) and Large Eddy
Simulation (LES). The Reynolds Stress model is
employed for the numerical computation for the case
under consideration. The Reynolds stress turbulence
model (RSM) necessitates the solution of transport
equations for each of the Reynolds stress
components. The Reynolds stress turbulence model
yields a precise prediction of the swirl flow pattern,
axial velocity; tangential velocity and pressure drop
in cyclone simulations.
V. DPM SETTINGS
The Lagrangian discrete phase models in
FLUENT follows the Euler-Lagrange approach. The
fluid phase is treated as a continuum by solving the
time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, while the
dispersed phase is solved by tracking a large number
of particles through the calculated flow field. The
dispersed phase can exchange momentum, mass, and
energy with the fluid phase.
A fundamental assumption made in this model
is that the dispersed second phase occupies a
moderate volume fraction (usually less than 30 %,
where the volume fraction is the ratio between the
total volume of particles and the volume of fluid
domain); even though high mass loading is
acceptable. The particle trajectories are computed
individually at specified intervals during the fluid
phase calculation. This makes the model appropriate
for the modeling of particle-laden flows. The particle
loading in a cyclone separator is reasonable and
therefore, it can be safely assumed that the presence
of the particles does not affect the flow field (one-
way coupling).
In FLUENT, the drag coefficient for spherical
particles is calculated by using the correlations
developed by Morsi and Alexander. The equation of
motion for particles was integrated along the
trajectory of an individual particle. Collection
efficiency statistics were obtained by releasing a
specified number of mono-dispersed particles at the
inlet of the cyclone and by monitoring the number
escaping through the outlet. Collisions between
particles and the walls of the cyclone were assumed
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to be perfectly elastic (coefficient of restitution is
equal to 1).
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
1. Validation of Results
In order to validate the results obtained during
the course of this analysis; a single cyclone from the
cluster was simulated against a case presented by
Hoekstra using a Laser Doppler Anemometry
(LDA). Comparisons were made for axial and
tangential velocity profiles. The Reynolds Stress
Model (RSM) simulation predicts a similar trend as
observed experimentally though deviations were
noticed at the peaks for the tangential velocity. On
the whole considering the complexity of the swirl
and turbulence in the cyclone results are in good
agreement.
Fig.7 Comparison between RSM simulation and
LDA tangential velocity
Fig.8 Comparison between RSM simulation and
LDA radial velocity
VII. Flow field Patterns
The Pressure Field
Fig.9 Static pressure plot in Pa
Fig.10 Total pressure plot in Pa
A negative pressure appears in the vortex region
owing to high swirl velocity whilst the pressure
reduces from the wall to the center. The flow is not
symmetric about the cyclone axis as is clear from the
low pressure zone. The flow with the regard to the
axis of the inlet is symmetrical as can be inferred
from figure 9.
Fig.11 Static pressure plot in Pa
The gradient of pressure in the axial direction is
narrow while is highest in the radial direction.
5. Ganga Reddy C Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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The Velocity Field
The contour plots for the absolute, tangential
and radial velocities are analyzed to ascertain the
characteristics of the flow field.
Fig. 12 Velocity Magnitude plot in m/s
Fig.13 Velocity Magnitude plot in m/s
The absolute velocity is elevated at the
tangential inlet to the individual cyclone and is seen
to diminish progressively.
Fig. 14 Tangential Velocity plot in m/s
Fig.15 Radial Velocity plot in m/s
In order to calculate the separation efficiency of
the multi-cyclone system, 13100 particles were
injected from the inlet surface with velocity equal to
that of the continuum phase at a mass flow rate of
1Kg/s to roughly constitute about 30% of the total
inflow. These are typical for flue gases expelled
from power generating stations.
The particles have been modeled applying the
spherical drag law using the Rosin Raimler
logarithmic function. The particle density is 600
kg/m3
and the maximum number of time steps for
each injection was 50000 steps.
Fig.16 Fluid pathlines in the domain
Fig.17 Swirl and turbulence
6. Ganga Reddy C Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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The DPM computation yields 694 particles
escaping from the system outlet implying a
separation efficiency of about 94.7 %
VIII. CONCLUSON
A mathematical modeling approach is applied to
the simulation of multicyclone separators which
could be successfully realized by the use of
numerical models, to verify and optimize the
geometrical and operating parameter of the
collection process. The flow field is in concurrence
for the validation case relative to experimental
values presented in literature. The extension of the
numerical parameters to the computational domain
yields positive results in terms of flow field
interpretation vis-à-vis velocity profile, pressure
distribution along with the transition through the
cyclones.
The separation system proposed here as an
alternate to the presently used process offer
advantage in terms of operating cost, higher
efficiency, easy maintenance as well as scalability.
REFERENCES
[1] Khairy Elsayed, Chris Lacor, “The effect of
vortex finder diameter on cyclone separator
performance and flow field” Conputers and
fluids, Vol 71 P224-239, Elsevier
Publication, June 2010
[2] HoekstraA.J; Derksen J.J, Van Den Akker”
An experimental and numerical study of
turbulent swirling flow in gas cyclones”
Chemical Engineering Science 54 (1999)
P2055-2065
[3] Modern Power Station Practice, Volume B
“Boilers and Ancillary Plant” Third Edition
British Electricity International London,
Pergamon Press.
[4] Shun.Rand Li Z.Q” Simulation of strong
swirling flow by use of different turbulence
model” Power Engineering 2002
[5] B.Wang, D.L.Xu, G.X. Xiao” Numerical
study of Gas-Solid Flow in Cyclone
Separator”, Third International Conference
on CFD, December 2003.
[6] J.J Derksen, S.Sundaresan, Van Den Akker
“Simulation of mass-loading effects in gas-
solid cyclone separators”, Powder
Technology 163 (2006) P59–68.
[7] Jolius Gimbun, Thomas Choong, T.G
Chuah, A. Fakhru L Razi: Prediction of the
effect of dimension , particle density ,
temperature and inlet velocity on Cyclone
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P37-50, June 2004