Wheat Flour Mill Cyclone Separator
Cyclone is the most commonly used device, to separate dust particles from gas
and dust flow. This review paper provides a wide perspective of various designed
cyclone separator for collection of tiny dust particle
It is the device that utilize specific configuration of N number of cyclones (diameter equal or greater than 300 mm) to treat higher volume of gas efficiently.
The hydrocyclone is very important in the separation industry. It is popular due to its simplicity in design and effective operation. It was required that an investigation into the operation and design of the hydrocyclone was performed. The necessary information that was obtained included the theoretical background of the hydrocyclone as well as to how it should be designed
Cyclones and hydrocyclones use centrifugal force and gravity to separate mixtures without filters. Contaminated gas or liquid enters tangentially and spins, forcing heavier particles to the outer wall. Lighter particles spiral up the center and exit at the top while heavier particles exit at the bottom. They are commonly used to remove particulates in industrial processes like mining, drilling, and wastewater treatment. Operating parameters like geometry and flow characteristics determine separation size and efficiency. They have low costs but reduced performance with non-ideal mixtures.
Cyclone separators utilize centrifugal force to separate solid or liquid particles from gases. They have no moving parts and are available in various sizes. Gas enters tangentially, creating a spiral that forces particles to the inner walls. Particles exit through an underflow pipe while gas reverses direction and exits the vortex finder. Key design parameters include inlet dimensions and vortex finder diameter, with larger finders and inlets improving efficiency but also increasing pressure drop. Cyclones are commonly used in industrial applications like power plants and mineral processing due to their low cost and maintenance requirements.
Cyclone separators use centrifugal force to remove particulate matter from gases. Gases enter the separator and spiral downward, while larger particles are forced against the walls by centrifugal force and collected at the bottom. Key factors affecting efficiency include particle density and size, separator diameter, and pressure drop. Cyclones are inexpensive, require little maintenance and space, but are only moderately effective for small particles.
The document discusses cyclone technology for removing dust particles from air streams. It provides background on cyclone design parameters like pressure drop and collection efficiency. The optimal dimensions of cyclones are discussed, with the 2D2D design being most efficient for particles larger than 20 microns. While models can predict trends, testing is still needed due to complex flow patterns and many influencing factors. The document also reviews classical cyclone design procedures and limitations of models in accurately predicting performance metrics like number of turns and cut-point diameter.
This work deals with the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for cyclone modeling on three-dimensional unstructured mesh using the Reynolds Stress turbulence model, a standard k-ε or a k-É model and Large Eddy simulation. Large-eddy simulations (LES) is performed on the gas flow in a cyclone at Re = 280,000. Numerical analysis of flow characteristics and separation efficiency in a high-efficiency cyclone is carried out. The model is only estimated the cyclone's performance under the limited environments; it is difficult to obtain a general model for all the types of cyclones. The purpose of this study is to find out the flow characteristics and separation efficiency numerically using ANSYS Fluent software. The Reynolds stress model (RSM), standard k-ε model and Large Eddy simulations are used in this work to know the flow separation characteristics. The models represent the 3-D, time-dependent flow analysis. CFD velocity profiles, and pressure drops for all the time-dependent flows are compared and discussed. Some details of the flow in the relatively small region in the vicinity of the inlet have strong influence on the separation process is checked with the simulations. The cyclone flow field pattern is simulated and analyzed with the aid of velocity components and static pressure contour plots.
It is the device that utilize specific configuration of N number of cyclones (diameter equal or greater than 300 mm) to treat higher volume of gas efficiently.
The hydrocyclone is very important in the separation industry. It is popular due to its simplicity in design and effective operation. It was required that an investigation into the operation and design of the hydrocyclone was performed. The necessary information that was obtained included the theoretical background of the hydrocyclone as well as to how it should be designed
Cyclones and hydrocyclones use centrifugal force and gravity to separate mixtures without filters. Contaminated gas or liquid enters tangentially and spins, forcing heavier particles to the outer wall. Lighter particles spiral up the center and exit at the top while heavier particles exit at the bottom. They are commonly used to remove particulates in industrial processes like mining, drilling, and wastewater treatment. Operating parameters like geometry and flow characteristics determine separation size and efficiency. They have low costs but reduced performance with non-ideal mixtures.
Cyclone separators utilize centrifugal force to separate solid or liquid particles from gases. They have no moving parts and are available in various sizes. Gas enters tangentially, creating a spiral that forces particles to the inner walls. Particles exit through an underflow pipe while gas reverses direction and exits the vortex finder. Key design parameters include inlet dimensions and vortex finder diameter, with larger finders and inlets improving efficiency but also increasing pressure drop. Cyclones are commonly used in industrial applications like power plants and mineral processing due to their low cost and maintenance requirements.
Cyclone separators use centrifugal force to remove particulate matter from gases. Gases enter the separator and spiral downward, while larger particles are forced against the walls by centrifugal force and collected at the bottom. Key factors affecting efficiency include particle density and size, separator diameter, and pressure drop. Cyclones are inexpensive, require little maintenance and space, but are only moderately effective for small particles.
The document discusses cyclone technology for removing dust particles from air streams. It provides background on cyclone design parameters like pressure drop and collection efficiency. The optimal dimensions of cyclones are discussed, with the 2D2D design being most efficient for particles larger than 20 microns. While models can predict trends, testing is still needed due to complex flow patterns and many influencing factors. The document also reviews classical cyclone design procedures and limitations of models in accurately predicting performance metrics like number of turns and cut-point diameter.
This work deals with the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for cyclone modeling on three-dimensional unstructured mesh using the Reynolds Stress turbulence model, a standard k-ε or a k-É model and Large Eddy simulation. Large-eddy simulations (LES) is performed on the gas flow in a cyclone at Re = 280,000. Numerical analysis of flow characteristics and separation efficiency in a high-efficiency cyclone is carried out. The model is only estimated the cyclone's performance under the limited environments; it is difficult to obtain a general model for all the types of cyclones. The purpose of this study is to find out the flow characteristics and separation efficiency numerically using ANSYS Fluent software. The Reynolds stress model (RSM), standard k-ε model and Large Eddy simulations are used in this work to know the flow separation characteristics. The models represent the 3-D, time-dependent flow analysis. CFD velocity profiles, and pressure drops for all the time-dependent flows are compared and discussed. Some details of the flow in the relatively small region in the vicinity of the inlet have strong influence on the separation process is checked with the simulations. The cyclone flow field pattern is simulated and analyzed with the aid of velocity components and static pressure contour plots.
In this presentation i have made the design and development of De-Dusting system for the reduction of dust and chemical emission from the atmosphere of the steel industry (Electrotherm India Ltd.) [Final Semester project Mechanical Engineering 8th sem]
IRJET- A Literature Review on Investigation of Design Parameter of Cyclone Se...IRJET Journal
This document reviews literature on the design of cyclone separators. It discusses how cyclone separators work by using centrifugal force to separate particles from gas streams. Several studies are summarized that used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze cyclone separator design parameters and evaluate designs. One study found that a symmetrical tangential inlet design improved separator performance over a traditional single inlet design. Another study evaluated cyclone performance at different temperatures. A third study compared a single inlet design to a symmetrical dual inlet design and found the symmetrical design reduced pressure drop. The document discusses how cyclone separator design and operating parameters can impact efficiency and pressure drop.
This document discusses an experiment on agitation and determining the relationship between speed of rotation, impeller diameter, and power requirement for baffled tanks. It also examines the relationship between power number and Reynold's number. The experiment used a baffled tank and found that power requirement increased with speed. While it could not directly compare baffled and unbaffled tanks, literature shows power numbers are higher for baffled tanks as Reynold's number increases. Greater impeller diameters also require more power.
The document discusses air pollution, including its sources, effects, and methods of control and remediation. It provides details on the composition of the atmosphere and criteria air pollutants. Major sources of air pollution are described as natural (such as volcanoes) and anthropogenic (such as fuel combustion). Air pollutants can be in gaseous or particulate form. Methods for reducing air pollution include the use of emission control devices like catalytic converters, scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators. Air pollution has negative effects on both the environment and human health.
The document discusses cyclonic separators and hydrocyclones. Cyclonic separators use centrifugal force to separate particulate matter from gas streams. Gas enters tangentially and spins rapidly, forcing particles outward against the wall to fall into a collection hopper while clean gas exits through the center. Hydrocyclones separate particles in liquid suspensions based on density and size differences, with denser/coarser particles exiting the bottom and lighter/finer through the top. Both devices have various industrial uses like dust collection and mineral processing.
This experiment aims to calibrate venturi and orifice flow meters by plotting the coefficient of discharge against Reynolds number for each and measuring the pressure drop across them at various flow rates. A known volume of water is passed through the meters and the flow rate is calculated. For both meters, the coefficient of discharge increases as the Reynolds number decreases, and the pressure drop increases non-linearly with flow rate, with a greater pressure drop observed for the orifice meter.
1) The filter cake that forms on the surface of the filter bags is what does the filtering, not the bags themselves. The cake protects the bags from dust.
2) When designing a dedusting system, the key components to consider are the equipment to be dedusted, dedusting pipes/valves, filter, fan/motor, and insulation. Design guidelines include airflow volumes, pipe sizes, filtration velocities below 1.3 m/s, and dust concentrations of 20-50 g/cubic meter.
3) Important factors for selecting filter bags include the type of filter and cleaning mechanism, moisture/temperature, dust properties, and providing high permeability, strength, and stability. The bag material
Episode 43 : DESIGN of Rotary Vacuum Drum Filter
Theory of Separation
Rotary vacuum drum filter (RVDF) is one of the oldest filters used in the industrial liquid-solids separation .A rotary vacuum filter consists of a large rotating drum covered by a cloth. The drum is partially immersed in liquid/solids slurry with approximately up to (25-75) % of the screen area.
As the drum rotates into and out of the trough, the slurry is sucked on the surface of the cloth and rotated out of the liquid/solids suspension as a cake. When the cake is rotating out, it is dewatered in the drying zone. The cake is dry because the vacuum drum is continuously sucking the cake and taking the water out of it. At the final step of the separation, the cake is discharged as solids products and the drum rotates continuously to another separation cycle.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
First approach design procedure of a direct heated rotary dryer.
Now I know why nobody was publishing this kind of works, well it takes a lot of time to upload them ;)
PS: If you get bored skip to the end, there is something that you will definitely like.
A hydrocyclone uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures into components based on density. It has two exits - an overflow at the top for lighter/finer particles and an underflow at the bottom for denser/coarser particles. Internally, inertia drives denser particles outwards towards the wall and reject exit, while lighter particles remain in the fluid and exit through the overflow. Hydrocyclones come in different designs for separating particles denser or less dense than the fluid. They can be made from various materials depending on the application requirements and abrasiveness of the particles. The efficiency of separation depends on factors like particle characteristics, concentration, cyclone dimensions and operating parameters. Hydrocyclones are widely used in
Cyclone separators use centrifugal force to remove particles from an air or gas stream. As the gas spins rapidly inside the separator, heavier particles are forced outward by centrifugal force and collect on the outer wall. There are several types of cyclones including vertical cyclones for liquid/solid removal, single cyclones that create dual vortexes to separate coarse and fine particles, and multi cyclones which consist of several small diameter cyclones operating in parallel for more efficient separation. The design of a cyclone separator is based on parameters like cylinder length, cone length, entrance/exit diameters, and collection efficiency depends on particle size, centrifugal force exerted, and time force is applied.
This document discusses control of particulate matter. It describes various types of particulate matter and their characteristics such as size and chemical composition. It then discusses several common control techniques including mechanical collectors, particulate wet scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators, and fabric filters. For each technique, it provides details on operating principles, advantages, disadvantages, and collection efficiency. The goal of the document is to provide an overview of particulate matter and the major control technologies used to capture particulate matter from gas streams.
This document discusses compact heat exchangers, including their types (plate and frame, brazed plate, welded plate, spiral, plate fin, printed-circuit, shell-and-tube), advantages of higher efficiency and lower cost/volume, limitations of fouling and lack of awareness, and design considerations like materials and operating limits. Compact heat exchangers can replace conventional heat exchangers due to their benefits. Security, environmental, and cost aspects are also covered.
Characteristics of single pump and pumps in series and parallel use of indust...TOPENGINEERINGSOLUTIONS
The document discusses setting up pumps in series and parallel configurations and measuring their performance. It includes:
- Instructions on connecting a single pump, or two identical pumps in series or parallel, to a water circulation system and software.
- Procedures to operate each configuration at varying flow rates, recording total head and flow from sensors to obtain pump curve data.
- Objectives to analyze and compare the performance of a single pump versus pumps in series/parallel, and suggest appropriate configurations based on given flow and head requirements.
- Background theory that pumps in series double the achievable head rise while maintaining the same flow, and pumps in parallel double the flow while maintaining the same head rise.
Kompresor adalah alat yang mengkompresi atau memadatkan udara dengan meningkatkan tekanannya. Ada dua jenis kompresor, yaitu kompresor dengan perpindahan positif yang bekerja menggunakan piston atau membran, dan kompresor dinamis yang bekerja menggunakan gaya sentrifugal atau aksial. Kompresor digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi seperti AC, sistem hidrolik, industri, dan bengkel.
Calculation guidelines for Rotary Dryer.pdfEd Ryan Ruales
The document outlines the design procedure for a rotary dryer used to dry fertilizer from 5% to 1.5% moisture content. The key steps are:
1) Performing mass and heat balance calculations to determine moisture evaporated, dry solid mass, and total heat duty of 4.4 MJ/hr.
2) Sizing the dryer using the heat duty to calculate required air flow of 14.8 kg/hr, diameter of 2.3 m, volumetric heat transfer coefficient of 398 kJ/hr-m3-K, and length of 18 m.
3) Checking that the outlet air humidity is below saturation and selecting design parameters like number of flights based on sol
Episode 42 : Gas Solid Separation
The process may be interpreted to mean both degassing of solids and dedusting of the solids.
3 phases may be distinguished in any gas cleaning process, i.e;
transport of particles onto a surface (separation)
collection of separated particles from the separation surface into discharge hoppers (or particle fixation)
disposal of the collected particles from the gas cleaning equipment
All phases are equally important as the failure of any of the phases will result in the failure of the separation process
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
The sizing and design of a rotary dryer is a complex process involving a number of factors and considerations. This presentation looks at the importance of custom rotary drum dryer design over a one-size-fits-all solution, and the many material characteristics and environmental factors that should be considered during the design process.
Effect of Geometric Configuration on Performance of Uniflow CycloneIJERD Editor
Reverse flow cyclones find wide applications in many industries however, they require a high
expenditure of energy and large pressure drops, which can be better overcome by uniflow cyclones. A
laboratory unit of Uniflow Cyclone has been developed with 45 mm inlet diameter. The performance
parameters pressure drop and total efficiency were studied for the effect of geometric configuration. The present
study includes the effect of 4 different geometric parameters on performance of uniflow cyclone. The geometric
variation of test cyclones includes the Inlet velocity, Vane angles, Outlet to inlet diameter ratio and Separation
lengths. The overall experimental results yield and investigated the optimal conditions for uniflow cyclone
performance is 450 vane angle, 0.5 outlet to inlet diameter ratio, 3D separation length and 9-10 m/s inlet
velocity. The experimental pressure drop values are validated with the model equations available in literature
and well matched for Ramachandran model.
Design and Development of a Low Cost Handheld Vacuum Cleanerijtsrd
A vacuum cleaner, like many other home products, is made to use it easier and more e icient for its customers to complete particular tasks. It must be effective at both collecting up dust particles and eliminating them from the air. This research paper develops a low cost effective vacuum cleaner and its parts. According to the literature review, the vacuum cleaner’s performance is mostly influenced by parameters including the impeller’s diameter, radius of curvature, strength, and speed. In this study, an unique impeller is designed with Creo, and the flow characteristics of the impeller are examined using CFD. The impeller’s thickness, form, and number of blades are all determined using the mechanical design process. In addition, polycarbonate was used as a material for making impeller in 3D printing. Dr. Velumani Subramaniam | Bhuvanesh Kumar V | Midun K | Mohanprasath G "Design and Development of a Low Cost Handheld Vacuum Cleaner" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52404.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/52404/design-and-development-of-a-low-cost-handheld-vacuum-cleaner/dr-velumani-subramaniam
In this presentation i have made the design and development of De-Dusting system for the reduction of dust and chemical emission from the atmosphere of the steel industry (Electrotherm India Ltd.) [Final Semester project Mechanical Engineering 8th sem]
IRJET- A Literature Review on Investigation of Design Parameter of Cyclone Se...IRJET Journal
This document reviews literature on the design of cyclone separators. It discusses how cyclone separators work by using centrifugal force to separate particles from gas streams. Several studies are summarized that used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze cyclone separator design parameters and evaluate designs. One study found that a symmetrical tangential inlet design improved separator performance over a traditional single inlet design. Another study evaluated cyclone performance at different temperatures. A third study compared a single inlet design to a symmetrical dual inlet design and found the symmetrical design reduced pressure drop. The document discusses how cyclone separator design and operating parameters can impact efficiency and pressure drop.
This document discusses an experiment on agitation and determining the relationship between speed of rotation, impeller diameter, and power requirement for baffled tanks. It also examines the relationship between power number and Reynold's number. The experiment used a baffled tank and found that power requirement increased with speed. While it could not directly compare baffled and unbaffled tanks, literature shows power numbers are higher for baffled tanks as Reynold's number increases. Greater impeller diameters also require more power.
The document discusses air pollution, including its sources, effects, and methods of control and remediation. It provides details on the composition of the atmosphere and criteria air pollutants. Major sources of air pollution are described as natural (such as volcanoes) and anthropogenic (such as fuel combustion). Air pollutants can be in gaseous or particulate form. Methods for reducing air pollution include the use of emission control devices like catalytic converters, scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators. Air pollution has negative effects on both the environment and human health.
The document discusses cyclonic separators and hydrocyclones. Cyclonic separators use centrifugal force to separate particulate matter from gas streams. Gas enters tangentially and spins rapidly, forcing particles outward against the wall to fall into a collection hopper while clean gas exits through the center. Hydrocyclones separate particles in liquid suspensions based on density and size differences, with denser/coarser particles exiting the bottom and lighter/finer through the top. Both devices have various industrial uses like dust collection and mineral processing.
This experiment aims to calibrate venturi and orifice flow meters by plotting the coefficient of discharge against Reynolds number for each and measuring the pressure drop across them at various flow rates. A known volume of water is passed through the meters and the flow rate is calculated. For both meters, the coefficient of discharge increases as the Reynolds number decreases, and the pressure drop increases non-linearly with flow rate, with a greater pressure drop observed for the orifice meter.
1) The filter cake that forms on the surface of the filter bags is what does the filtering, not the bags themselves. The cake protects the bags from dust.
2) When designing a dedusting system, the key components to consider are the equipment to be dedusted, dedusting pipes/valves, filter, fan/motor, and insulation. Design guidelines include airflow volumes, pipe sizes, filtration velocities below 1.3 m/s, and dust concentrations of 20-50 g/cubic meter.
3) Important factors for selecting filter bags include the type of filter and cleaning mechanism, moisture/temperature, dust properties, and providing high permeability, strength, and stability. The bag material
Episode 43 : DESIGN of Rotary Vacuum Drum Filter
Theory of Separation
Rotary vacuum drum filter (RVDF) is one of the oldest filters used in the industrial liquid-solids separation .A rotary vacuum filter consists of a large rotating drum covered by a cloth. The drum is partially immersed in liquid/solids slurry with approximately up to (25-75) % of the screen area.
As the drum rotates into and out of the trough, the slurry is sucked on the surface of the cloth and rotated out of the liquid/solids suspension as a cake. When the cake is rotating out, it is dewatered in the drying zone. The cake is dry because the vacuum drum is continuously sucking the cake and taking the water out of it. At the final step of the separation, the cake is discharged as solids products and the drum rotates continuously to another separation cycle.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
First approach design procedure of a direct heated rotary dryer.
Now I know why nobody was publishing this kind of works, well it takes a lot of time to upload them ;)
PS: If you get bored skip to the end, there is something that you will definitely like.
A hydrocyclone uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures into components based on density. It has two exits - an overflow at the top for lighter/finer particles and an underflow at the bottom for denser/coarser particles. Internally, inertia drives denser particles outwards towards the wall and reject exit, while lighter particles remain in the fluid and exit through the overflow. Hydrocyclones come in different designs for separating particles denser or less dense than the fluid. They can be made from various materials depending on the application requirements and abrasiveness of the particles. The efficiency of separation depends on factors like particle characteristics, concentration, cyclone dimensions and operating parameters. Hydrocyclones are widely used in
Cyclone separators use centrifugal force to remove particles from an air or gas stream. As the gas spins rapidly inside the separator, heavier particles are forced outward by centrifugal force and collect on the outer wall. There are several types of cyclones including vertical cyclones for liquid/solid removal, single cyclones that create dual vortexes to separate coarse and fine particles, and multi cyclones which consist of several small diameter cyclones operating in parallel for more efficient separation. The design of a cyclone separator is based on parameters like cylinder length, cone length, entrance/exit diameters, and collection efficiency depends on particle size, centrifugal force exerted, and time force is applied.
This document discusses control of particulate matter. It describes various types of particulate matter and their characteristics such as size and chemical composition. It then discusses several common control techniques including mechanical collectors, particulate wet scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators, and fabric filters. For each technique, it provides details on operating principles, advantages, disadvantages, and collection efficiency. The goal of the document is to provide an overview of particulate matter and the major control technologies used to capture particulate matter from gas streams.
This document discusses compact heat exchangers, including their types (plate and frame, brazed plate, welded plate, spiral, plate fin, printed-circuit, shell-and-tube), advantages of higher efficiency and lower cost/volume, limitations of fouling and lack of awareness, and design considerations like materials and operating limits. Compact heat exchangers can replace conventional heat exchangers due to their benefits. Security, environmental, and cost aspects are also covered.
Characteristics of single pump and pumps in series and parallel use of indust...TOPENGINEERINGSOLUTIONS
The document discusses setting up pumps in series and parallel configurations and measuring their performance. It includes:
- Instructions on connecting a single pump, or two identical pumps in series or parallel, to a water circulation system and software.
- Procedures to operate each configuration at varying flow rates, recording total head and flow from sensors to obtain pump curve data.
- Objectives to analyze and compare the performance of a single pump versus pumps in series/parallel, and suggest appropriate configurations based on given flow and head requirements.
- Background theory that pumps in series double the achievable head rise while maintaining the same flow, and pumps in parallel double the flow while maintaining the same head rise.
Kompresor adalah alat yang mengkompresi atau memadatkan udara dengan meningkatkan tekanannya. Ada dua jenis kompresor, yaitu kompresor dengan perpindahan positif yang bekerja menggunakan piston atau membran, dan kompresor dinamis yang bekerja menggunakan gaya sentrifugal atau aksial. Kompresor digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi seperti AC, sistem hidrolik, industri, dan bengkel.
Calculation guidelines for Rotary Dryer.pdfEd Ryan Ruales
The document outlines the design procedure for a rotary dryer used to dry fertilizer from 5% to 1.5% moisture content. The key steps are:
1) Performing mass and heat balance calculations to determine moisture evaporated, dry solid mass, and total heat duty of 4.4 MJ/hr.
2) Sizing the dryer using the heat duty to calculate required air flow of 14.8 kg/hr, diameter of 2.3 m, volumetric heat transfer coefficient of 398 kJ/hr-m3-K, and length of 18 m.
3) Checking that the outlet air humidity is below saturation and selecting design parameters like number of flights based on sol
Episode 42 : Gas Solid Separation
The process may be interpreted to mean both degassing of solids and dedusting of the solids.
3 phases may be distinguished in any gas cleaning process, i.e;
transport of particles onto a surface (separation)
collection of separated particles from the separation surface into discharge hoppers (or particle fixation)
disposal of the collected particles from the gas cleaning equipment
All phases are equally important as the failure of any of the phases will result in the failure of the separation process
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
The sizing and design of a rotary dryer is a complex process involving a number of factors and considerations. This presentation looks at the importance of custom rotary drum dryer design over a one-size-fits-all solution, and the many material characteristics and environmental factors that should be considered during the design process.
Effect of Geometric Configuration on Performance of Uniflow CycloneIJERD Editor
Reverse flow cyclones find wide applications in many industries however, they require a high
expenditure of energy and large pressure drops, which can be better overcome by uniflow cyclones. A
laboratory unit of Uniflow Cyclone has been developed with 45 mm inlet diameter. The performance
parameters pressure drop and total efficiency were studied for the effect of geometric configuration. The present
study includes the effect of 4 different geometric parameters on performance of uniflow cyclone. The geometric
variation of test cyclones includes the Inlet velocity, Vane angles, Outlet to inlet diameter ratio and Separation
lengths. The overall experimental results yield and investigated the optimal conditions for uniflow cyclone
performance is 450 vane angle, 0.5 outlet to inlet diameter ratio, 3D separation length and 9-10 m/s inlet
velocity. The experimental pressure drop values are validated with the model equations available in literature
and well matched for Ramachandran model.
Design and Development of a Low Cost Handheld Vacuum Cleanerijtsrd
A vacuum cleaner, like many other home products, is made to use it easier and more e icient for its customers to complete particular tasks. It must be effective at both collecting up dust particles and eliminating them from the air. This research paper develops a low cost effective vacuum cleaner and its parts. According to the literature review, the vacuum cleaner’s performance is mostly influenced by parameters including the impeller’s diameter, radius of curvature, strength, and speed. In this study, an unique impeller is designed with Creo, and the flow characteristics of the impeller are examined using CFD. The impeller’s thickness, form, and number of blades are all determined using the mechanical design process. In addition, polycarbonate was used as a material for making impeller in 3D printing. Dr. Velumani Subramaniam | Bhuvanesh Kumar V | Midun K | Mohanprasath G "Design and Development of a Low Cost Handheld Vacuum Cleaner" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52404.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/52404/design-and-development-of-a-low-cost-handheld-vacuum-cleaner/dr-velumani-subramaniam
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF CENTRIFUGAL AIR BLOWER TEST RIGIAEME Publication
A centrifugal blower is an air moving device that uses an impeller to pull air into a tube-like structure and release it at a 90o angle. The impeller is a set of blades inside the blower that rotates at a high rate to pressurize and move the air. The Project aims to describe the basic design principles of Centrifugal Air Blower including the fabrication method of an experimental set up. The Objective of this project is to conduct a performance test on an Air Blower & to determine the efficiency of the blower and to check the behavior of the Performance characteristics curve.The construction of Air Blower involves different specific issues that have to be taken into consideration when developing in detailed design. Various technical details and differences in the design and equipment used for Air Blower have been well presented and discussed.
Spray Angle Expansion Method of a Twin-Fluid Atomizer for the Application to ...IJRES Journal
This paper presents the results of an experimental study for a new type twin-fluid atomizer, which is based on a multi fluids mixer patented by Sadatomi & Kawahara (2012). This atomizer has a simple structure and can suck water by itself without a pump by introducing pressurized air alone into an internal mixing chamber with less energy consumption. The present study focuses on the improved design of the atomizer for spray angle expansion and its application to CO2 absorption. Experiments relating to two angle expansion methods (Coanda effect and propellers) were conducted, also six sizes of PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) propellers were tested. We found that, the atomizer with a PET propeller of 4 blades and 25 mm in diameter showed the best spray angle expansion effect and presented a good spray quality, especially reduced the Sauter mean diameter (d32) significantly. Finally, the mist sprayed by the optimized atomizer was applied to CO2 absorption, and experimental results showed that the mist sprayed by the optimized atomizer can significantly decrease the CO2 concentration in a closed room.
The document examines the optimization of entrance velocity for modified dust cyclones used in cotton gins. It tests cyclones with standard and modified designs at entrance air velocities ranging from 2600 to 3500 feet per minute. The modified cyclones had a wider and shorter entrance and a larger trash outlet. Testing found that dust collection efficiency was not significantly affected by changes in entrance velocity. However, pressure drop and therefore energy requirements increased with both cyclone modifications and higher velocities. The current recommended entrance velocity was found to still be suitable for modified cyclones, but energy could potentially be saved by reducing the velocity since pressure drop is lower at the lower tested velocity.
Suction Duct Optimization for Fume Extraction SystemIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses optimization of the design of suction ducts for fume extraction systems. It compares the conventional design to a proposed new design using simulation software.
2. The simulation results show the conventional design has non-uniform extraction across inlets and reduced pressure and velocity at inlets further from the blower. The proposed design uses individual paths for each inlet with smooth junctions, improving flow uniformity.
3. Analysis of the mass flow rates across inlets found the proposed design increased uniformity compared to the conventional design, allowing more efficient extraction with the same blower capacity. The proposed design should be considered over the conventional to improve system efficiency.
This study tested the dust collection efficiency and pressure drop of modified cotton gin cyclones across a range of entrance velocities. It found that:
1) Dust collection efficiency was not strongly dependent on entrance velocity from 2600 to 3500 ft/min. The highest velocity of 3500 ft/min resulted in slightly lower efficiency.
2) Either modifying the inlet to a wider 2D2D style or enlarging the trash outlet from D/4 to D/3 significantly improved dust collection efficiency independent of velocity.
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Cyclone Separator
1. Wheat Flour Mill Cyclone Singh & Wanjari
ABHIYANTRIKI: An International Journal of Engineering & Technology 48
Volume 3, Number 4, April, 2016 (48-53)
Wheat Flour Mill Cyclone Separator: A Literary Review
Konal Singh*
Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
St. Vincent Pallotti College of Engineering &
Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Tushar Wanjari
Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
St. Vincent Pallotti College of Engineering &
Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Cyclone is the most commonly used device, to separate dust particles from gas
and dust flow. This review paper provides a wide perspective of various designed
cyclone separator for collection of tiny dust particle. A review of the literature
was undertaken to discover recent particulate control technology developments in
other industries that may benefit the flour mill. This inter-disciplinary literature
review summarizes, scenario of silicosis disease on mill worker, measurement of
particle size, effect and characteristics of flour particle and dust cyclone designs.
As manufacturing costs have decreased and model sophistication has increased,
the use of cyclone in flour mill is appropriate and its gives a better performance.
There will, however, always be a need for empirical validation in the laboratory
and field. Energy cost, related to cyclone pressure drop; has been and will
continue to be an important consideration in the field of research and
development.
Keywords: Cyclone separator, Operating parameters, Tangential inlet.
*Author for correspondence singhkonal@gmail.com
1. Introduction
Cyclone separators, provide a method of removing particulate matter from air streams at low cost
and low maintenance. There are a number of different forms of cyclone separator; but the most
common design used industrially is the reverse flow cyclone. In general, a cyclone consists of an
upper cylindrical part referred to as the barrel and a lower conical part referred to as the cone
(Fig. 1). The air stream enters tangentially at the top of the barrel and travels downward into the
cone, forming an outer vortex. The increasing air velocity in the outer vortex results in a
centrifugal force on the particles, separating them from the air stream. When the air reaches the
bottom of the cone, an inner vortex is created, reversing direction and exiting out the top as clean
air while the particulates fall into the dust collection chamber attached to the bottom of the
cyclone. In the agricultural processing industry, 2D2D (Shepherd and Lapple, 1939) and 1D3D
(Parnell and Davis, 1979) cyclone designs are the most commonly used abatement devices for
particulate matter control. The D in the 2D2D designation refers to the barrel diameter of the
cyclone. The numbers preceding each D relate to the length of the barrel and cone sections,
respectively. A 2D2D cyclone has barrel and cone lengths two times the barrel diameter, whereas
a 1D3D cyclone has a barrel length equal to the barrel diameter and a cone length of three times
ABHIYANTRIKI
An International Journal of Engineering & Technology
(A Peer Reviewed & Indexed Journal)
Vol. 3, No. 4 (April, 2016) http://www.aijet.in/ eISSN: 2394-627X
2. Wheat Flour Mill Cyclone Singh & Wanjari
ABHIYANTRIKI: An International Journal of Engineering & Technology 49
Volume 3, Number 4, April, 2016 (48-53)
the barrel diameter. Parnell and Davis (1979) first developed a 1D3D cyclone for cotton gins in
an attempt to provide a more efficient fine dust collector. This cyclone design is referred to as the
traditional 1D3D cyclone (Fig. 2). Holt and Baker (1999) and Funk et al. (1999) conducted
further experimental research on this cyclone design and reported a significant improvement in
efficiency by modifying the traditional 1D3D design to employ a 2D2D inlet (Fig. 3). This
modified 1D3D cyclone design is referred to as 1D3D in this article.
Fig. 1: Schematic flow diagram of a cyclone separator Fig. 2: Design of traditional 1D3D cyclone
Fig. 3: Design of 1D3D cyclone with 2D2D inlet Fig. 4: Design of 2D2D cyclone
3. Wheat Flour Mill Cyclone Singh & Wanjari
ABHIYANTRIKI: An International Journal of Engineering & Technology 50
Volume 3, Number 4, April, 2016 (48-53)
The configuration of a 2D2D cyclone is illustrated in figure 4. Previous research (Wang, 2000)
indicated that, compared to other cyclone designs, 1D3D and 2D2D are the most efficient
cyclone collectors for fine dust (particle diameters
less than 100 mm). Mihalski et al. (1993) reported
“cycling lint” near the trash exit for the 1D3D and
2D2D cyclone designs when the PM in the inlet air
stream contained lint fiber. Further they reported
that a significant increase in the exit PM
concentration for these high efficiency cyclone
designs and attributed this to small balls of lint
fiber “cycling” near the trash exit, causing the fine
PM that would normally be collected to be diverted
to the clean air exit stream. Simpson and Parnell
(1995) introduced a new low-pressure cyclone,
called the 1D2D cyclones, for the cotton ginning
industry to solve the cycling-lint problem. The
1D2D cyclones is a better design for high-lint
content trash compared with 1D3D and 2D2D
cyclones (Wang et al., 1999). The configuration of
1D2D cyclone is illustrated in figure 5. Fig. 5: Design of 1D2D cyclone
2. Literature Summary
The paper consists of a brief characteristic of wheat flour and the work done by various people
on wheat flour cyclone separator. The main focus is, to minimize the pollution caused by
suspended wheat flour in the air at flour mills by implementation of a cyclone separator. By this
we are trying to minimize the pollution in the flour mills.
3. Wheat Flour Mill Cyclone Separator: Review
Jadhav (2014) and Patil (2015) carried out study of design and analysis for flour mill cyclone
along with experimental trial. In their study, the characteristics of flour mill cyclone are studied
under various flow rates and varying inlet velocities and also its effect on performance
parameters like pressure drop, collection efficiency and cyclone efficiency are studied. He
carried out the experiment process on two cyclones, one with one symmetrical tangential inlet
and another with same dimension of cyclone as the previous one, but with two symmetrical
tangential inlets and a single outlet, for the measurement of inlet and outlet velocities (m/s)
anemometer is selected. The author has provided connection for measurement of pressure at
various points. The pressure is measured by using manometer for carrying out the experiments at
various mass flow rates, is obtained by changing the motor (impeller) speed with the help of
VFD. After successful completion of experimental trial (symmetric as well as single inlet
cyclone) and its CFD simulation (only on symmetric inlet cyclone) using Fluent 6.1 at different
velocities, the present paper illustrates that in the single inlet cyclone, the pressure drop is more
as compared to symmetrical inlet cyclone. For the single inlet cyclone as the velocity increases
the pressure drop also increases. For the cyclone with symmetric inlet, the inlet flow gets divided
into two parts. In this, as the inlet velocity increases, the cyclone efficiency also increases. After
validation of cyclone with CFD, this paper infers that the performance parameter of symmetrical
inlet cyclone is optimum than single inlet cyclone.
4. Wheat Flour Mill Cyclone Singh & Wanjari
ABHIYANTRIKI: An International Journal of Engineering & Technology 51
Volume 3, Number 4, April, 2016 (48-53)
Sonaye & Baxi (2012) emphasized performance of a flour mill and related with typical
occupational health problems and also measures the particles of flour mill (at Om Flour Mill
situated at Bachelor road, Arvi Naka in Wardha, India). The method used in this paper is, Sieve
Analysis technique, for estimation of weight percentage of micron sized (light weight and
flyable) flour particles. They have also expressed their views regarding unconditional operation
of Flour mill under SME (Small and Medium Enterprises); the flying flour should be overcome.
The threshold limit value (TLV) recommended by American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), for reparable dust system is also discussed in the paper. They
have selected this method of measuring the particle size because it is simple and has the
capability of measuring a wide range of particle size, at a cheaper cost. The test is carried out as
per ASTM D44 International using standard sieve analyzer “Tayels”. In the present paper, 8 inch
diameter sieve is used. A column of different size sieve is placed in a mechanical shaker; this
shaker shakes the column, usually for 15-20 minutes. After the shaking is completed, the
material on each sieve is weighed. The authors have calculated the percentage retained on each
sieve, by using the formula weight of the sample of each sieve divided by the total weight. The
paper concludes, by providing alarming situation for SME, the concentration of total flour dust
found is 0.952 mg/m3.
Gopani and Bhargava (2011) presented that from automobiles, industries and house hold fuel;
burning air pollution is assuming alarming dimensions. As cyclone is cheaper and has a low
operating cost, installation of cyclone seems to be a reasonable proposition. Using
STAIRMAND method, the present paper aims at designing, high efficiency cyclone, for a tiny
cement plant. Against the desired 90% efficiency, which is a safe design for controlling air
pollutant concentration in the form of SPM from kiln attached to the cement plant, the designed
high efficiency cyclone gives an efficiency of 91.1%. Khairy and Lacor (2010) presented for
three Cyclone separators the effect of the cyclone inlet height on the performance and flow field
pattern has been investigated computationally using Reynolds Stress turbulence Model (RSM).
In this study, results show that, by increasing the cyclone inlet height, the maximum tangential
velocity in the cyclone decreases. And the pressure drop decreases, with increasing the cyclone
inlet height (but the improvement decreases after a/D = 0.4). In this study, it was observed that
by increasing the cyclone inlet height, the cyclone cut-off diameter increases and due to
weakness of the vortex strength, the cyclone overall efficiency decreases. Thomas et al. (2004)
presented that several factors including design parameters, such as dimensions of cyclone
separator, operating temperature and particle density affects the collection efficiency. Operating
parameters such as the inlet velocity of the fluid and the physical properties of fluid, namely the
density and viscosity and the outlet conditions also affects the collection efficiency of the
cyclone. In this paper, the prediction accuracy of four cyclone collection models, namely Koch
and Licht, Iozia and Leith, Lapple and Li and Wang are compared. When compared with the
presented experimental data, all the predictions proved to be satisfactory. The Li and Wang
model could be used in the evaluation of cyclone efficiency because it predicts the cyclone
collection efficiency much better than the other three models, with only 3% deviation from the
experimental data. With decreasing cyclone body diameter the cyclone efficiency increases.
With increasing cyclone inlet width the poor vortex formation inside the cyclone decreases the
collection efficiency. Irani & Fong (1961) measured the effect of particle size distribution
microscopically on the quality of flour by using gravitational sedimentation (Monsanto-
automatized bostock type), sieving and photo-extinction techniques. In this paper, the authors
5. Wheat Flour Mill Cyclone Singh & Wanjari
ABHIYANTRIKI: An International Journal of Engineering & Technology 52
Volume 3, Number 4, April, 2016 (48-53)
have discussed the research carried out by Whitby and Heywood. They have used fine sieving
mechanism and concluded that sieving can be divided into two different steps, one- having the
particle size much smaller than the sieve opening, while the other- is having the particle size
close to that of the sieve opening. The present paper gives more attention to Kent Jones et al.
technique, which describes the sedimentation procedure, followed by photo sedimentation
method, in which the percentage of different sized particle in flour is correlated with the decrease
in cloudiness with time. The paper provides the tabulated details of flour sample. Table 1 shows
the sedimentation in various solvents like Ethanol, Benzene, Isobutanol, Ethyl-Hexanol of flour
size; ranging from 5 to 120 microns. Table 2 (from 5 to 120 micron) and Table 3 (2 to 30
microns), illustrate the comparison values of different methods used. Using the tabulated values,
the graph is plotted between percentages of weight on Abscissa, while size of particle in microns
on ordinate. The plotted graph concludes that, the percentage weight is less than 10% or larger
than 90%, the control limits must be set for each technique independently. The various methods
which were calibrated, agree with one another as far as average size and the shape of the
distribution curve give results that are significantly different from one another, if only one point
in the distribution curve is considered. Therefore, one-point limits, which are agreeable to
describe size, should be set independently.
Sullivan et al. (1960) worked to investigate the relationship of particle size and endosperm
structure to ash, protein, maltose value, and gassing power as determined from air-classified
fractions of flour. The flour was air-classified in an Alpine 132-MP Mikroplex classifier nineteen
times. This paper aims, to resolve flour completely into fractions of variable particle size by
means of air-classification. Fig. 1 (on page 440), provides classification procedure and vane
setting (given in degree and the feed setting is in mm) of 19 classifier. The original flour (labeled
sample 1), was passed through the smooth rolls of an experimental Allis mill a total of five
times, in order to reduce the flour to a finer average granulation by roll pressure. The same flour
was also ground in an Alpine 160-Z pin mill, once at a speed of 17,500 rpm and labeled sample
2. Sample 1 and 2, were ground mainly for comparison of maltose, gassing power, and
amylograph data with original flour and they are further analyzed by conventional procedure
outlined in cereal laboratory method. The author provides the result in a tabulated form and after
mathematical analysis, states that:
• In a very low micron size (under 8 microns), the ash content is roughly, double that of the
parent flour.
• From 15 to 30 microns, the ash content increases, probably because the ratio of small
endosperm cells and peripheral cells to starch granules increases.
• From approximately 30 to 70 microns, the ash again decreases.
• From 70 to 100 microns and over, the ash in this particle size increases, as there is
increase in number of covered and partially covered cells.
4. Conclusion
From the study and analysis of different papers, it is observed that, the pressure drop and cyclone
efficiency varies with inlet velocity. The efficiency of cyclone increases with the decrease in
dimensions of cyclone body diameter, cyclone width, operating temperature and cyclone width
inlet [5]. The pressure drop increases with the increase in inlet velocity; but pressure drop
decreases significantly with the rise in temperature [1]. Comparison of performance, between
6. Wheat Flour Mill Cyclone Singh & Wanjari
ABHIYANTRIKI: An International Journal of Engineering & Technology 53
Volume 3, Number 4, April, 2016 (48-53)
symmetrical inlet cyclone and single inlet cyclone shows that, symmetrical inlet cyclone is
optimum than the conventional cyclone with single inlet [2].
References
[1] Patil, R. (2015). Design and analysis for flour mill cyclone. IJLTEMAS. 6(6), pp. 11-14.
[2] Jadhav, MR. (2014). Design of cyclone and study of its performance parameters. IJMERR. 3(10),
pp. 247-252.
[3] Sonaye, SY, & Baxi, RN. (2012). Particle size measurement and analysis of Flour. IJERA. 3(3),
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Appendix
Nomenclature
D = Barrel diameter of Cyclone.
A = Cyclone inlet height (mm).
Dc = Barrel Diameter.
Lc = Length of Barrel.
Zc = Length of cone.
De = Dia. of outlet tube.
Hc = Height of inlet duct.
Bc = Width of inlet.
Jc = Outlet dia. of cone.