This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about the central dogma of molecular biology and processes related to transcription and translation. Some key topics covered are: - Transcription is the process by which RNA molecules are synthesized from a DNA template using RNA polymerase. - Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules are synthesized from DNA templates and encode the sequence of amino acids in proteins. - Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules help translate the nucleotide sequence of mRNA into the amino acid sequence of proteins during translation. - Ribosomes are particles on which protein synthesis occurs through the translation of mRNA.

1. CENTRAL DOGMAMCQ
1.The processbywhichRNA moleculesare initiated,elongatedandterminatediscalled
(a)Replication (b)Transcription
(c)Translation (d)Central dogma
2.RNA moleculesare synthesizedbyusingaportionof one strand of DNA as a template ina
polymerizationreactionthatiscatalysedbyenzymescalled
(a)RNA polymerase (b)DNA polymerase 1
(c)DNA polymerase2 (d)DNA polymerase 3
3.The complete enzyme α2ββ1
σiscalled
(a)Core enzyme (b)Holoenzyme
(c)RNase (d)DNase
4.A basicsequence derivedfromalarge setof observedsimilarsequencesiscalled
(a)Pribnowbox (b)Promoter
(c)Consensussequence (d)Downstream
5.PolygenicmRNA moleculereduce the activityof all genesdownstreamfromthe mutationis
(a)Polarmutation (b)Pointmutation
(c)Frameshiftmutation (d)Site specificmutation
6.mRNA molecule encodeseveral differentpolypeptide chainsiscalled
(a)MonocistronicmRNA (b)PolycistronicmRNA
(c)Leader (d)Spacer
7.The segmentof RNA correspondingtoa DNA cistronis oftencalled
(a)Readingframe (b)rRNA
(c)tRNA (d)mRNA
8.The sectionof nontranslatedRNA before the codingregionsiscalled
(a)Cistron (b)Spacer
(d)Anticodon (d)Leader
9.Proteinsare synthesizedonthe surface of anRNA containingparticle called
(a)tRNA (b)snRNA
(c)Ribosome (d)mRNA
10.A complex structure of modified51
and 31
termini iscalled
(a)Introns (b)Cap

2. (c)Exons (d)Nick
11.The excisionof the intronsandthe formationof the final mRNA molecule byjoiningof the exons
iscalled
(a)Additionof 51
cap (b)RNAsplicing
(c)Additionof Poly(A) tail (d)Proteins
12.Which isthe mostcommonlyusedstartcodon?
(a)AUG (b)UAA
(c)UAG (d)UGA
13.The 31
-OH terminusisfour-base single-strandedregionanditiscalled
(a)DHU loop (b)Extraarm
(c)TψCloop (d)Acceptorend
14.Anticodonloopcontainshowmanybases?
(a)Seven (b)Six
(c)Five (d)Four
15.The highlyvariable loopiscalled
(a)DHU loop (b)Extra arm
(c)TψCloop (d)Acceptorend
16.The loopcontainingbases14 through21 is called
(a)DHU loop (b)Extraarm
(c)TψCloop (d)Acceptorend
17.The loopcontainingbases54 through60 is called
(a)TψCloop (b)Acceptorend
(c)DHU loop (d)Extraarm
18.Cloverleaf modelwhichisresponsible forthree-dimensional foldingiscalled
(a)Primarybase pairs (b)Secondarybase pairs
(c)Terminal segment (d)Tertiarybase pair
19.The start codon byprovidingabindingsite forthe ribosome iscalled
(a)Consensussequence (b)Shine-Dalgarnosequence
(c)Upstream (d)Downstream
20.The splicingtakesplace withlarge structure called
(a)Introns (b)Exons

3. (c)Spliceosome (d)Lariate