This document discusses cellulitis, including its definition, diagnosis, microbiology, and treatment approaches. It provides guidelines for treating non-purulent versus purulent cellulitis, and recommendations for oral versus intravenous antibiotics. Hospitalization is warranted for extensive or systemic infections, including the case presented of a patient with a large, draining leg wound requiring IV vancomycin.
NECROTISING FASCIITIS- the flesh eating infection
#surgicaleducator #necrotisingfasciitis #surgicaltutor #babysurgeon #usmle
· Dear Viewers
· Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
· Today in this episode I have discussed about Necrotising Fasciitis- the flesh eating infection
· It is common in immunocompromised patients even after trivial trauma.
· I have discussed about the overview,etiology,types,clinical features,complications and treatment of Necrotising Fasciitis
· I hope this video is interesting and also useful to all of you
· You can watch the video in the following links:
· surgicaleducator.blogspot.com youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
Thank you for watching the video
NECROTISING FASCIITIS- the flesh eating infection
#surgicaleducator #necrotisingfasciitis #surgicaltutor #babysurgeon #usmle
· Dear Viewers
· Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
· Today in this episode I have discussed about Necrotising Fasciitis- the flesh eating infection
· It is common in immunocompromised patients even after trivial trauma.
· I have discussed about the overview,etiology,types,clinical features,complications and treatment of Necrotising Fasciitis
· I hope this video is interesting and also useful to all of you
· You can watch the video in the following links:
· surgicaleducator.blogspot.com youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
Thank you for watching the video
This lecture talk about the disturbance of adrenal gland hormones and how it affect health. it also discuss in brief how to manage such condition in your dental clinic
ABSTRACT- The treatment of carbuncle is early administration of antibiotics and surgery. The commonest surgical approach is Saucerization and Incision & Drainage (I&D). Two cases are presented here, one underwent Saucerization and then primary split thickness skin grafting. Another un-derwent I&D for her carbuncle. They were followed up for 8 weeks to assess their outcome. Saucerization produced the shortest length of hospital stay while I&D resulted in shortest wound healing. As a new modality of treatment now-a-days two new modalities gaining popularity for better cosmetic purpose: primary split thickness skin grafting & transposition of local skin/musculocutaneous flap.
Keywords: carbuncle, surgery, good glycemic control
Dermal Fillers like Restylane and Perlane placed expertly along with wrinkle treatments are now a normal part of image maintenance. Wrinkle reduction made easy.http://www.skinovate.com.au/services/wrinkle-reduction/
Etiologia de la celulitis y Predicción clínica de la enfermedad Estreptocócic...Alex Castañeda-Sabogal
Etiologia de la celulitis. Estudio prospectivo y predicción clínica de la infeccion por Estreptococcus basado en la frecuencia encontrada de las especies de estreptococo
A patient with severe limb infection in whom the amputation was the first option.
Dr Majd Alhaddadin, Consultant General and Laparoscopic Surgeon, performed a transmetatrsal amputation with extensive tissue debridement and falp creation, followed by vacuum therapy and 2 stages wound closure. Fortunately xth limb was saved and the patient returned to his normal job.
Incidence rate of multidrug-resistant organisms in a tertiary care hospital, ...Apollo Hospitals
Antimicrobial resistance to microorganisms is a growing public health concern globally, especially in developing countries. This study was conducted to study the incidence rate of multidrug-resistant organisms with their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. Objectives
To understand the definition of cellulitis
To know what treatment is appropriate
To know when hospitalization is needed
3. Definition
Cellulitis is a skin infection that develops as a result of
bacterial entry via breaches in the skin barrier.
Manifests as erythema, edema, and warmth.
Predisposing factors include disruption to the skin barrier
as a result of trauma, inflammation, preexisting skin
infection (ie tinea pedis), and edema.
4. Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based upon clinical manifestations. Cultures
of blood, needle aspirations, or punch biopsies aren’t
useful in mild infection.
Cultures should be performed in patients with systemic
toxicity, extensive skin involvement, underlying
comorbidities (ie diabetes), animal bite, or recurrent
cellulitis.
Radiographic exam can be useful in excluding occult
abscess and osteomyelitis.
5. Microbiology
Most common pathogens are beta-hemolytic Strep and
Staph aureus, including MRSA. Gram-negative aerobic
bacilli are identified in a minority of cases.
6. Treatment
Antibiotic selection for treatment depends on whether
presentation consists of purulent or nonpurulent cellulitis
(per 2011 ID Society of Americal guidelines).
7. Treatment: Purulent cellulitis
Patients with purulent cellulitis (purulent drainage or
exudate, in the absence of a drainable abscess) should
be managed with empiric therapy for infection due to
MRSA.
8. Treatment: MRSA
Options for empiric oral therapy for MRSA:
1) Clindamycin 300 to 450 mg PO TID
2) Bactrim 1-2 DS tab PO BID
3) Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID
4) Linezolid 600 mg PO BID
Depends on clinical response but a time course of 5-10
days is usually appropriate.
9. Treatment: Nonpurulent Cellulitis
For nonpurulent cellulitis, cover for beta-hemolytic Strep
and MSSA.
MRSA coverage is warranted for patients fail initial
therapy, signs of systemic illness, recurrent infection in
the setting of underlying predisposing conditions, and
previous episode of MRSA infection.
Empiric MRSA coverage should be used in patients with
risk factors for MRSA and in communities with high
prevalence of MRSA.
10. Treatment: Nonpurulent
Options for Nonpurulent cellulitis (excluding MRSA)
1) Dicloxacillin 500 mg PO every 6 hours
2) Cephalexin 500 mg PO every 6 hours
3) Clindamycin 300 to 450 mg PO every 6-8 hours
Depends on clinical response but a time course of 5 to
10 days is usually appropriate.
11. Treatment: MRSA and Nonpurulent
Options for empiric oral therapy for beta-hemolytic Strep
and MRSA:
1) Clindamycin 300 to 450 mg PO TID
2) Amoxicillin 500 mg PO TID + Bactrim 1 to 2 DS tabs
PO BID
3) Amoxicillin 500 mg orally TID + Doxycycline 100 mg
orally twice daily
4) Linezolid 600 mg orally BID
A time course of 5 to 10 days is usually appropriate.
12. Treatment Requiring Hospitalization
Parenteral therapy should be considered for patients
with extensive soft tissue involvement, fever or other
signs of systemic illness, or patients with diabetes or
other immunodeficiency.
13. TREATMENT: IV ANTIBIOTICS
Vancomycin is antibiotic of choice for MRSA skin infections and for
those requiring hospitalization.
For those who fail or can’t tolerate Vancomycin:
DaptomycinTigecylcline and Linezolid are alternative treatments.
14. Case presentation
A 48 year old male with history of HTN, Hyperlipidemia,
GERD, CKD on HD M,W,F (2/2 HTN) who presents to
your office with complaint of left leg swelling and
redness for the past 2-3 days. He states that this has
never happened before and that he his worried because
it has been worsening. He denies any recent travel. He’s
also noted some liquid draining from the area as well.
16. Case presentation
What should your (the physician) next step be:
a)Tell him to raise his leg to help with swelling
b)Get an outpatient ultrasound to assess for a blood clot
c)To give him oral Keflex to treat a cellulitis
d)Admit to inpatient medicine for IV antibiotics
17. Case presentation
You call the triage resident and notify them that you are
directly admitting this patient for parenteral antibiotics.
What antibiotic choice is warranted in this patient?
a) cefazolin
b) vancomycin
c) daptomycin
d) clindamycin
18. SUMMARY
Cellulitis manifests as erythema, edema, and warmth.
Diagnosis is based upon clinical manifestations.
Most common causes are beta-hemolytic Strep and Staph aureus.
Management should include supportive measures.
For non-purulent cellulitis, empiric therapy of beta-hemolytic Strep
and MSSA. Patients with non-purulent cellulitis and MRSA risk
factors should be covered for beta-hemolytic Strep & MRSA.
Patients with purulent cellulitis should be managed with empiric
therapy for infection due to MRSA.
For those requiring hospitalization, Vancomycin is antibiotic of
choice pending culture results.
Editor's Notes
The incidence is about 200 cases per 100,000 patients per year.
Breaks in the skin between the toes are perhaps the most important potential sites for pathogen entry.
In mild cases, blood cultures are positive in less than 5 percent of cases. Culture results from needle aspiration vary from ≤5 to 40%, while culture of punch biopsy specimens yields a pathogen in 20-30% of cases.
Cellulitis pathogens implicated in special clinical circumstances include: pasteurella multocida and capnocytophaga canismorsus (dog and cat bites), pseudomonas aeruginoasa (diabetics).
Purulent and non-purulent: These terms are designations within the 2011 Infectious Disease Society of America clinical practice guidelines for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The use of these terms in the guidelines suggests that an infection involving purulence is potentially attributable to S. aureus, which should be reflected in the choice of empiric antimicrobial therapy.
In a study including 422 patients with purulent soft tissue infection, MRSA was the dominant organism, isolated from 59% patients, followed by MSSA (17%); beta-hemolytic streptococci accounted 2.6%.
MRSA Risk factors include: recent hospitalization, residence in long term care facility, HD, Diabetes, IV drug use, recent antibiotic therapy, incarceration, HIV
Of note, there is increasing concern regarding the rise in S. aureus MICs to vancomycin.
If one is requiring hospitalization, it is best to cover for MRSA and can then narrow antibiotic selection depending on response and cultures, if obtained. Possible coverage for non-purulent (excluding MRSA) includes Cefazolin, Oxacillin IV.
The answer is D. The patient has extensive involvement of his lower extremity with drainage and history of CKD requiring HD and thus will need IV antibiotics.
Answer: B. As already mentioned, Vancomycin remains the antibiotic of choice for treatment of invasive MRSA skin. He will need to be renally dosed with his dialysis sessions.
Of note, this presentation excludes orbital and preseptal cellulitis.