Dermatology Power point slides Useful, Important & Easy Way To Understand The Chapter

1. DR. BIJAY KR.YADAV
Holly vision technical campus
Shankhamul, Kathmandu

2. Cellulitis
 Cellulitis is a spreading subcutaneous inflammation caused by
Streptococcus pyogens commonest.
 Source of infection :
• Injuries- minor or major
• Graze or scratch
• Snake bite, scorpion bite, etc.
 Precipitating factors :
• Diabetes
• Low resistance of an individual
 Common sites :
• Lower limbs
• Face
• scrotum

3.  Clinical features :
 Lesion is ill-defined and deeper
 Redness and itching
 Diffuse swelling
 Skin is stretched and shiny
 Pain, fever, toxaemia follows later.
 In untreated cases, suppuration, sloughing and gangrene
can occur
 Complications :
 Lymphadenopathy frequently
 Facial erysipelas, if untreated, may prove fetal.
 Recurrences may occur in the same areas and result in
lymphedema which further predisposes to recurrent
infection.

4.  Treatment :
 Symptomatic treatment
 Rest
 Limb elevation
 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
 Specific treatment
 Acute episode – parenteral penicillin
 Erythromycin- penicillin sensitive patients or in pts whom
cellulitis is complication of manipulated furuncle
 Recurrent episodes managed with Chemoprophylaxis with
long-acting penicillin (Benzathine penicillin)

5. Common symptoms :
1. Itching : also known as pruritus, is an irritating and
uncontrollable sensation that makes you want to scratch
to relieve the feeling.
 Causes : Itchiness can be generalized (all over the body) or
localized to one small region or spot.
 Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin
 Eczema: a chronic skin disorder that includes itchy, scaly
rashes
 Psoriasis: an autoimmune disease that causes skin redness
and irritation, usually in the form of plaques
 Dermatographism: a raised, red, itchy rash caused by
pressure on the skin

7. Infections that cause itching include:
 chicken pox
 measles
 fungal rashes
 mites, including bedbugs
 lice
 pinworms
 scabies

8.  Medications :
The following common medicines often cause rashes and
widespread itching:
 antifungals
 antibiotics (especially sulfa-based antibiotics)
 narcotic painkillers
 anti-convulsant medications

9. Diagnosis :
 blood test: may indicate an underlying condition
 test of your thyroid function: can rule out thyroid
issues
 skin test: to determine if you’re having an allergic
reaction to something
 scraping or biopsy of your skin: can determine if
you have an infection

10.  Treatment :
 using a good moisturizer to keep your skin hydrated
 avoiding scratching, which can worsen the itch
 staying away from soaps, detergents, and other
substances that contain perfumes and color dyes
 taking a cool bath with oatmeal or baking soda
 rying over-the-counter anti-itch creams
 taking an oral antihistamine

11. 2. Pain :
It is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damage
stimuli, such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol
on a cut.
The International Association for the Study of Pain's widely
used definition states: "Pain is an unpleasant sensory and
emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue
damage, or described in terms of such damage."[2] In medical
diagnosis, pain is a symptom.
Management :
 Acute pain is usually managed with medications such
as analgesics and anesthetics
 Management of chronic pain, however, is much more difficult
and may require the coordinated efforts of a pain
management team

13.  Discolouration :
Discolored skin patches are irregular areas where there are changes in
skin color.
Causes : illness, injury, and inflammatory problems. Discolored
skin patches also commonly develop in a certain part of the body due
to a difference in melanin levels
• Burns - Sunburns
• Infections – bacterial skin infections,fungal infections like tinea
versicolor, ringworm
• Autoimune diseases and allergies - lupus erythematosus , Graves’
disease,
• Hormonal changes - during pregnancy, Melasma
• Birth marks - Mongolian spots, Moles, Port-wine stains
• Skin Cancer - Basal cell carcinoma, Squamous cell
carcinoma, Melanoma, Actinic keratosis

14. Medical treatments
 Laser therapy: Intense pulsed light devices and Q-switched
lasers are commonly used to help lighten skin areas that have
darkened.
 Topical creams: Topical hydroquinone or prescription retinol
(vitamin A) cream may help decrease the appearance of dark skin
patches.
 Chemical peels: Chemical peels containing salicylic acid and
glycolic acid can be used to remove the outer, discolored layer of skin.

15. Home treatments
 Over-the-counter creams: Vitamin A or E creams can
help reduce the appearance of skin discoloration and boost
overall skin health.
 Lemon juice: Apply lemon juice twice per day to lighten
skin areas that have darkened. This may reduce the
appearance of discolored skin patches in six to eight weeks.
 Castor oil: Apply castor oil to discolored areas twice per day, or
wear a bandage soaked in castor oil overnight. This can help
smooth the skin and break down excess melanin.
 Vitamin C: Eat foods rich in vitamin C, an essential nutrient
for skin health. Fruits high in vitamin C include cantaloupe,
oranges, and pineapple.
 Drink tea: Drinking tea made from burdock, red clover, or
milk thistle might reduce skin discoloration.

16.  Hypoesthesia (or hypesthesia) refer to a reduced sense
of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity
to sensory stimuli. Also known as "numbness“
 Hyperesthesia (or hyperaesthesia) is a condition that
involves an abnormal increase in sensitivity to stimuli of
the sense. "When a non-noxious stimulus causes the
sensation of pain the area will be termed
hyperaesthetic".[1] Stimuli of the senses can include sound
that one hears, foods that one tastes, textures that one
feels, Increased touch sensitivity is referred to as "tactile
hyperesthesia", and increased sound sensitivity is called
"auditory hyperesthesia".

17. Prevantive education :

18. Thank you