1. Cells are the basic units of structure and function that make up all living things.
2. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
3. Cells have membrane bound organelles that carry out specific functions and transport materials throughout the cell.
The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology.
The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology.
Diversity of cell size & shape By KK Sahu SirKAUSHAL SAHU
SYNOPSIS
Introduction to cell
Historical Aspects
Cell Diversity
Types Of Cell Diversity
Cell Diversity In Origin
Cell Diversity In size
Cell Diversity In Shape
Some Other Types
5) Differentiation And Specialisation Of Cell Diversity
6) Conclusion
7) References
Unit 3, Lesson 3.3 - The Cell Theory
Lesson Outline:
1. Cells and Scientists
2. The Cell Theory
3. The Modern Cell Theory
4. The Modern Interpretation of the Cell Theory (Summary)
Diversity of cell size & shape By KK Sahu SirKAUSHAL SAHU
SYNOPSIS
Introduction to cell
Historical Aspects
Cell Diversity
Types Of Cell Diversity
Cell Diversity In Origin
Cell Diversity In size
Cell Diversity In Shape
Some Other Types
5) Differentiation And Specialisation Of Cell Diversity
6) Conclusion
7) References
Unit 3, Lesson 3.3 - The Cell Theory
Lesson Outline:
1. Cells and Scientists
2. The Cell Theory
3. The Modern Cell Theory
4. The Modern Interpretation of the Cell Theory (Summary)
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Enhancing Performance with Globus and the Science DMZGlobus
ESnet has led the way in helping national facilities—and many other institutions in the research community—configure Science DMZs and troubleshoot network issues to maximize data transfer performance. In this talk we will present a summary of approaches and tips for getting the most out of your network infrastructure using Globus Connect Server.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
The Metaverse and AI: how can decision-makers harness the Metaverse for their...Jen Stirrup
The Metaverse is popularized in science fiction, and now it is becoming closer to being a part of our daily lives through the use of social media and shopping companies. How can businesses survive in a world where Artificial Intelligence is becoming the present as well as the future of technology, and how does the Metaverse fit into business strategy when futurist ideas are developing into reality at accelerated rates? How do we do this when our data isn't up to scratch? How can we move towards success with our data so we are set up for the Metaverse when it arrives?
How can you help your company evolve, adapt, and succeed using Artificial Intelligence and the Metaverse to stay ahead of the competition? What are the potential issues, complications, and benefits that these technologies could bring to us and our organizations? In this session, Jen Stirrup will explain how to start thinking about these technologies as an organisation.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4
Cell notes
1. Cell Theory
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek- developed first
microscope.
a. Dutch biologist
5. Robert Hooke- English scientist looked at slices of
cork.
a. named them cells because they reminded him of
small monastery rooms called “cellulae,”
9. Robert Brown- 1833 Scottish scientist
a. observed dark structure near center- nucleus
2. 4. Matthias Schleiden- German botanist
stated all plants are made of cells, 1838.
4. Theodor Schwann- 1839 discovered all animals
are made of cells
7. Rudolf Virchow- 1855 German physician stated
all cells arise from the division of preexisting cells.
3. 1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
4. 1. Most cells are 5-50 micrometers in diameter.
a. Micrometer = one millionth of a meter.
3. Eukaryotic cells- contain a true nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles.
a. Examples: plants, animals, fungi, protists
5. 1. Prokaryotic cells- have no true nucleus or
membrane-bound organelles
a. Smaller than eukaryotic cells.
b. Examples: bacteria and cyanobacteria
5. Eukaryotic cells have 3 basic structures.
a. cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm.
6.
7.
8. 1. Regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
2. Aids in protection and support of the cell.
3. Composed of 2 layers of lipids called- lipid bilayer.
4. Peripheral proteins- stick to the surface of the lipid
bilayer.
9. 5. Integral proteins- free-moving and run through the
lipid bilayer.
a. some form channels that allow certain
molecules to pass.
b. some act as small pumps that push
molecules from one side of the membrane to
the other.
8. Carbohydrates attach to the proteins and act like
chemical identification cards, allowing cells to
recognize and interact with each other.
10.
11. 1. Found in plants, algae, bacteria, fungi,
2. Lies outside the cell membrane.
3. Helps to protect and support the cell.
4. Very porous, water, oxygen, CO2, and other
substances can pass through easily.
6. Plant cell wall is made up of 2 or more layers.
a. 1st layer is made of pectin, holds cells together.
b. 2nd layer is called the primary cell wall, made of
cellulose.
c. Plants with woody stems form 3rd layer called the
secondary cell wall, made of cellulose and lignin.
12.
13. 1. Controls all cellular activity.
2. Nuclear Envelope- 2 membranes form the boundary
around the nucleus
a. contain small openings called- nuclear pores.
3. Nucleolus- small region of RNA and proteins inside the
nucleus.
a. where ribosomes are made.
4. Chromosomes- structures made of DNA and proteins
that contain the genetic information of the cell.
14.
15. 1. Cytoplasm- area between the nucleus and the cell
membrane.
a. contain organelles.
4. Mitochondria- change chemical energy stored in food
into compounds that the cell can use.
a. double layer outer membrane
b. Cristae- inner membrane and sight of the electron
transport chain where most ATP is made.
c. Matrix- space inside the inner membrane where
Kreb’s cycle takes place.
d. contains it’s own DNA.
16.
17. 1. Found only in plants and algae.
• Surrounded by a pair of membranes.
3. Thylakoids- system of membranes arranged as
flattened sacs
a. Form stacks called grana.
b. Light reactions of photosynthesis occur here.
7. Stroma- solution surrounding the grana.
a. Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis occurs here.
5. Contain the green pigment Chlorophyll.
18.
19. 1. Organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts
may have once been prokaryotes that existed in
a symbiotic relationship with another prokaryote.
a. the inner membranes of mitochondria most
closely resemble the membranes of bacteria.
b. both have their own DNA.
c. shaped like bacteria.
20.
21. 1. Structures in which proteins are made.
a. composed of RNA and protein.
3. Some are attached to membranes for protein export
out of the cell.
4. Some are found free in the cytoplasm to produce
proteins for the cell itself.
6. They are not membrane-bound and are the smallest
of organelles.
22.
23. 1. Manufacturers and shippers of the cell.
2. ER- transports materials thoughout the cells.
a. Rough ER- covered with ribosomes and makes
proteins to be exported from the cell or into cell
membrane.
b. Smooth ER- not covered with ribosomes, synthesizes
steroids in gland cells, regulates calcium levels in
muscle cells, breaks down toxic substances in liver
cells.
24.
25. 3. Golgi Apparatus- modifies, collects, packages and
distributes molecules produced by the cell.
a. appears as a series of flattened sacs.
b. discovered by Italian scientist Camillo Golgi.
26.
27. 1. Small membrane-bordered structures that contain
chemicals and enzymes for digesting materials.
a. formed by the Golgi apparatus.
b. not found in plant cells.
5. Involved in breaking down worn-out organelles.
a. remove “junk” that might clutter up the cell.
3. Used by white blood cells to destroy bacteria.
28.
29. 1. Vacuoles- saclike structures that store materials such
as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
a. Many plants have a single large central vacuole
which helps support the cell when full.
b. they are smaller and more numerous in animal cells.
7. Plastids- plant organelles that have many functions.
a. storage of food and pigments.
b. leukoplasts store starch granules.
c. chromoplasts store pigment molecules.
30.
31.
32.
33. 1. Composed of a variety of filaments and fibers that
support the cell and drive cell movement.
3. Microtubules- hollow tubules made of proteins.
a. provide support for cell shape.
b. help move organelles.
c. play a special role in cell division by forming
centrioles.
8. Microfilaments- long, thin fibers that function in the
movement and support of the cell.
a. are responsible for cytoplasmic streaming.
34.
35. 1. Cilia- short, hairlike projections from the cell surface.
a. help unicellular organisms move and aid in the
movement of substances along the cell’s surface.
b. smaller and more numerous than flagella.
5. Flagella- long, whiplike structures that help
unicellular organisms move about.
6. Both contain nine pairs of microtubles arranged
around a pair in the center.
a. these microtubles are linked to each other, and
the bridges that connect them generate the force
to produce motion.
36.
37.
38. 1. Diffusion- molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to areas of lower concentration.
a. due to the random motion of molecules.
b. occurs until equilibrium is reached (conc of
the sub is the same on both sides of mem)
c. molecules continue to move but in equal amounts.
2. Biological membranes are selectively permeable.
a. some substances can diffuse through, while others
cannot.
39.
40. 3. Osmosis- Diffusion of water molecules through
a selectively permeable membrane.
a. Osmotic pressure tends to move water
across membranes from a more dilute
solution into a more concentrated solution.
6. Cells almost always have a much lower conc.
of water inside because the cytoplasm is
filled with sugars, salts, proteins, etc.
a. There should be a net movement of water
into a typical cell.
b. If this continues the volume of the cell will
increase until the cell becomes swollen and
bursts like an overinflated balloon. (cytolysis)
41. 1. Cells deal with osmotic pressure in many ways:
a. Some cells never touch fresh water and instead
are bathed in fluids such as blood that have conc
equal to the cells themselves. (isotonic solution)
b. Plants and bacteria have cell walls that prevent
overexpanding
c. Other cells and unicellular organisms pump out
water with contractile vacuoles.
6. Hypotonic solutions- low in solute concentration
therefore water flows into the cell. (freshwater)
7. Hypertonic solutions: high in solute concentration,
water flows out of the cell. (saltwater)
a. cells shrivel (plasmolysis)
42.
43. 7. Facilitated Diffusion- transport of materials with the
conc. gradient by use of carrier proteins.
a. transports larger mol. or those molecules that cannot
dissolve in the lipid bilayer.
b. fast, specific, and does not require energy.
c. Example: glucose-transporter protein helps in the
diffusion of glucose into cells.
8. Passive Transport- transport of materials that does not
require the cell to use energy.
a. example: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion.
9. Active Transport- movement of materials against the
conc. gradient that requires energy.
a. Integral proteins can pump molecules against the
gradient, such as calcium, potassium, sodium ions.
44.
45.
46. 1. Second type of active transport is when large amounts
of material are transported through movements and
changes in the cell membrane.
a. Endocytosis- taking material into the cell by means
of infoldings or pockets of the cell membrane.
b. Pocket breaks loose and forms a vacuole within the
cytoplasm.
c. Phagocytosis- taking in of large solids or food.
d. Pinocytosis- taking in of liquids.
e. Exocytosis- material inside the cell fuses with the
cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell.
47.
48.
49. 1. Cells- smallest unit of life.
3. Tissues- groups of similar cells that perform a similar
funtion.
a. four main types: muscle, epithelial, nerve, connective
3. Organs- groups of tissues that work together to perform
a specific function and help the organ function
successfully.
11.Organ Systems- group of organs that work together to
perform a certain function.