Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. All living things are made up of one or more cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells through division. The cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living things. Cells were first observed in the 1600s and the cell theory was developed over many years by scientists in the 1800s through observations of plant and animal cells under early microscopes. Cells vary greatly in size, shape, and structure depending on their function in unicellular or multicellular organisms.
This is the first PowerPoint in the mrexham IGCSE Biology series. It is also available on iBooks.
It covers the Cells section from life processes of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course
Mr Exham IGCSE - Movement In And Out Of Cellsmrexham
This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about movement in and out of cells. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
Cell The structural and functional unit of life. A lesson for std VIII Biology AP State Cell Diversity Types of cells Microscope structure, cell organelle differences of plant and animal cells prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells cell theory, scientists worked for invention of cell
The word cell is derived from the Latin word “cellula” which means “a little room”
It was the British botanist Robert Hooke who, in 1664, while examining a slice of bottle cork under a microscope, found its structure resembling the box-like living quarters of the monks in a monastery, and coined the word “cells”
This is the first PowerPoint in the mrexham IGCSE Biology series. It is also available on iBooks.
It covers the Cells section from life processes of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course
Mr Exham IGCSE - Movement In And Out Of Cellsmrexham
This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about movement in and out of cells. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
Cell The structural and functional unit of life. A lesson for std VIII Biology AP State Cell Diversity Types of cells Microscope structure, cell organelle differences of plant and animal cells prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells cell theory, scientists worked for invention of cell
The word cell is derived from the Latin word “cellula” which means “a little room”
It was the British botanist Robert Hooke who, in 1664, while examining a slice of bottle cork under a microscope, found its structure resembling the box-like living quarters of the monks in a monastery, and coined the word “cells”
Harsh billore (cell the functional unit of life & cellular organisation)Harsh Billore
cell definition, its theory,size and shape , different types of cell, basic difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; basic difference between unicellular and multicellular organism ; difference between animal and plant cells.
The cell is the basic functional and structural unit of life. All the living organisms are composed of cells. All cells are formed by the division of the already existing cells which in terms of biology means reproduction. Every cell of our body comprises of genetic material which is passed down during the process and you will know much more about a cell in this video.
Cell as basic unit of life ppt 88 slidesICHHA PURAK
This Power point presentation describes Cell as basic unit of life. The slides provide information about Discovery of cell,cell theory,number,size,shape and cell types .Differentiates prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types and point out major differences in plant and animal cell and also about structure and function of cell organelles
in this ppt, i had discuss about cell,its structure,function.types of cells, plant and animal cell.and difrrence between plant and animal cell / prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
Introduction to Cell. Cell is the basic unit of life. Every living things are composed of cells..........................................................................................................................................................................................
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
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Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
2. What is Cell?
Cell is the basic Structural and
functional
unit of living organisms.
In other words, cells make up living
things and carry out activities that
keep a living thing alive.
3. Cell
Theory
Cell theory is a collection of ideas
and conclusions from many
different scientists over time that
describes cells and how cells
operate.
1
2
3
All known l iving things are
made up of one or more
cells.
All l iving cells arise from
pre- existing cells by
division.
The cell i s the basic unit of
structure and function in
all l iving organisms.
5. 1835
Felix Dujardin
Discovered
fluid content
of cell
1838
Matthias Schleiden
Proposed all plants are
made up of cells
1839
J. E. Purkinje
Named fluid content of
cell as protoplasm
Cell Theory Timeline
6. 1839
Theodor Schwann
Proposed all
animals are made
up of cells
1845
Carl Heinrich Braun
Proposed cell is the
basic unit of life
1855
Rudolf Virchow
Proposed all cells
arise from pre-
existing cells
Cell Theory Timeline
7. Structure
Of Cell
The detailed structure of a cell has
been studied under compound
microscope and electron
microscope.
Certain structures can be seen
only under an electron
microscope.
The structure of a cell as seen
under an electron microscope is
called ultrastructure.
Compound
microscope
Magnification
2000X
Electron
microscope
Magnification 500000X
11. Size of
Cells
Cells vary in size.
Most cells are very small
(microscopic), some may be
very large (macroscopic).
The unit used to measure size
of a cell is micrometer.
• Smallest cell
• Mycoplasma
• Size: 0.1 µm
• Largest cell
• Ostrich egg
• Size: 18 cm
1 µm = 1 / 1000 millimeter
12. Size of Cells in Humans
Smallest cell
Spermcell
Size:5 µm
Largestcell
Ovumcell
Size:120 µm
Longestcell
Nerve cell
Size:1 m
13. Shape of
Cells
Cells vary in shape.
Variation depends mainly
upon the function of cells.
Some cells like Euglena and
Amoeba can change their
shape, but most cells have a
fixed shape.
Human RBCs are circular
biconcave for easy
passage through human
capillaries.
Nerve cells are branched
to conduct impulses from
one point to another.
Human WBCs can
change their shape to
engulf the
microorganisms that
enter the body.
14. 1. Nucleus is undeveloped
2. Only one chromosome is present
3. Membrane bound organelles are absent
4. Sizeranges from 0.5-5 µm
5. Examples: Bacteria and blue green algae
1. Nucleus is well developed
2. More than one chromosomes are present
3. Membrane bound organelles are present
4. Sizeranges from 5-100 µm
5. Examples: All other organisms
Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
