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Biology chapter 7
- 1. Chapter 7 Cellular Function and Structure Wasilla High School Mrs. Ragsdale 2014 - 2015
- 2. Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek The first true microbiologists Hooke and Leeuwenhoek were the first two scientists to use microscopes to view life Occurred in the 1700’s Called what they saw “animalcules”
- 3. Cell Theory All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and life Cells can only come from cells that already exist. They have to receive DNA and pass it on to their offspring.
- 4. How did cells become cells? People used to believe in spontaneous generation, the idea that life just came into being all by itself. While we now know that this isn't the case, scientists still can't all agree on exactly how the first cell came into being
- 5. Prokaryotic Cells: Bacteria First cells Small Have no nucleus to house DNA No membrane bound organelles (we'll talk more about this later) Organelles – little specialized structures (like the nucleus) that have a specific function
- 6. Eukaryotic Cells: Plants, animals and other complex life forms Much, MUCH larger than prokaryotic cells More complex, evolved version of the cell Contain membrane bound organelles DNA housed inside the nucleus
- 7. What do all cells need? Plasma Membrane Also known as the phospholipid bilayer Made up out of phospholipids Hydrophilic heads (water loving) Hydrophobic tails (water hating) Let's draw it! (Refer to page 188 in your notes)
- 8. Fluid Mosaic Model The protein channels, enzyme binding sites and cell recognition sites are able to move around the plasma membrane like life rafts on a sea https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qqsf_UJcfBc
- 9. Selective Permeability Selective means the ability to choose Permeability means allowing things to pass through So…. Selective permeability means that the plasma membrane can pick and choose what passes through
- 10. Passive Transport No energy is expended Diffusion = particles naturally move from a high to low concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached You want the same amount of particles on both sides of the membrane
- 11. Facilitated Diffusion What happens if the particles that want to cross the plasma membrane are just too large to make it? Using channels or carrier proteins to cross the plasma membrane No energy is used
- 12. Osmosis: Diffusion of Water Water naturally is drawn to wherever high levels of Na+ and other ions are Osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane towards the high level of concentrated ions
- 13. Tonicity Hypertonic solution = more solute present outside of the cells than what is inside Water is drawn out of the cell The cell shrivels Hypotonic = less solute present outside of the cells than what is inside Water is pulled into the cell The cell bursts (lyses) Isotonic = the same amount of solute is present inside and outside the cell Water is balanced
- 14. Tonicity
- 15. Active Transport Requires energy input Sodium/Potassium Pumps = requires ATP to function
- 16. Active Transport: Endocytosis and Exocytosis Transportation of large molecules into and out of the cell A small piece of the plasma membrane pinches off and becomes a carrier called a vesicle The vesicle merges with the plasma membrane and either opens outside the cell (exocytosis) or inside the cell (endocytosis)