The document discusses an earthquake that occurred in Nepal in 2015. It first provides background on what causes earthquakes, how they are measured on the Richter scale, and defines key terms like epicenter and focus. It then summarizes details of the Nepal earthquake such as its magnitude of 7.8, death toll exceeding 8,900, and extensive damage done. Finally, it outlines relief efforts like Operation Maitri led by India to rescue survivors and provide food, medical supplies, and engineering equipment to impacted areas.

1. Prepared and Presented by
B.V.S.VAMSINADH
15331D8703
M-tech Structures

2.  What is an Earthquake?
 Causes of Earthquake?
 Types of zones
 How we measure earthquake?
 Introduction to Nepal earthquake
 Loss of life and property
 Disaster Risk Profile
 Relief and Rescue Operations

3. What is an Earthquake?
An Earthquake is caused by a sudden Slip on a fault.
The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but
they get stuck at their edges due to friction.
When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction,
there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves
that travel through the earth's crust and cause the
shaking that we feel.

4. What is Focus, Epicenter of an Earthquake??
Epicenter:
The point on the
Earth's surface
located directly above
the focus of an
earthquake.
Focus:
The location where
the earthquake
begins. The ground
ruptures at this spot,
then seismic waves
radiate outward in all
directions.

5. Causes of Earthquake
Some major
causes of
earthquake is
Surface Causes Volcanic Causes Tectonic Causes

6. Types of Zones
Earthquake zoning map divided into 4 Seismic
zones
Zone Intensity
Zone V Very High Risk Zone
Zone IV High Risk Zone
Zone III Moderate Risk Zone
Zone II Low Risk Zone

7. How are Earthquakes measured?
The Richter Scale:
•There are a number of ways to measure
the magnitude of an earthquake.
•First widely used is Richter Scale.
•Developed by Charles F. Richter in 1934.

8. Introduction to Nepal Earthquake:
Main Shock:
•Date : 25April2015
•Origen Time: 11:56hrs
•Magnitude: 7.8
•Depth : 8.2Km
•Areas Affected: Nepal, India, Bangladesh,
China
Aftershocks:
•Date: 12May2015
•Magnitude: 7.3

9. Casualities:
Country Death Injuries
Nepal >8,900 >22,300
India 78 560
China 25 380
Bangladesh 4 200
Total 9010 23400

10. Economic loss
Loss approximately equal to 25% of Nations GDP
damaged more than 700,000 homes and other structures.
Nepal is ranked as 11th most risk country in world in terms of
relative vulnerability to earthquake & 30th with respect to flood
50% of bridges and narrow roads unusable because of damage
and debris
40% of electricity lines and all substations non functional for a
month

11. Disaster Risk Profile
This earthquake,
the worst quake to
hit Nepal since
1934
•Nepal remains
as one of the
global hot spots
•For natural
disaster (world
bank,2005 )
•Entire Country Falls
under High
earthquake
intensity belt-
Seismic Scale

14. Katmandu Durbar Square

15. Relief and Rescue
Operation Maitri:
Operation
Maitri (English: Operation
Amity) was a rescue and
relief operation in Nepal by
the government of India
and Indian armed forces in
the aftermath of the April
2015Nepalearthquake

16. 13 NDRF teams of
about 500 persons
on ground are
helping the victims
22 tonnes of food
packets and 120
large oxygen
cylinders have
been moved to
disaster-struck
Nepal.
8 Tonnes of Baby
food and skimmed
milk and 2 Tonnes
of biscuits and
other material for
children.
741 Nepalese have
been rescued by
IAF helicopters.
99 tonnes of
engineering
equipment's have
been transported
to the affected
areas.
Things India has done to help during Nepal
Earthquake???

17. thankq