WHY A TSUNAMI OCUURED AND CONCEPT OF TSUNAMI AND WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE WITH INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI INCIDENT 2004

1. A BRIEF NOTE ON INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI, 2004.
PREPARED BY,
CHAITALI PAL.
PG 4TH SEMESTER
ROLL- 06

2. • Derived from Japanese word which means “Harbor Waves”.
• Generated by an undersea geologic event, such as a great earthquake, volcanic
explosion, or underwater landslide.
• Tsunami is not caused due to tide.
• Damage is more predominant towards coast.
• In the deep ocean Kinetic Energy is high and wavelength is huge.
• Closer to costal side wavelength decreases and height increases.
INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION OF TSUNAMI
A tsunami is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a
large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions and other underwater explosions above or below water all have the
potential to generate a tsunami.

3. PROPAGATION OF TSUNAMI WAVES

4. • On December 26, 2004 at 07:58:53 local time (00:58:53 GMT), a fault rupture was
initiated off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, triggering a devastating
Tsunami around much of the Indian Ocean.
• The day of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami is also known as the
Boxing Day of Tsunami.
• The epicenter was located at 3.31°N and 95.95°E, approximately 250 km south-
southeast of Banda Aceh, the capital city of the Aceh Province in northern Sumatra,
Indonesia.
• From this point, the rupture continued to expand northward for more than 1,200 km
(745 mi), generating a massive M9.3 earthquake for about 8-10 minutes.
• The earthquake rupture was located at a relatively shallow focal depth ranging from
10 to 30 km .
• According to the USGS, the intensity in Banda Aceh, Sumatra reached IX: the violent
shaking caused the collapse of some mid-rise reinforced concrete structures.
The Earthquake and Tsunami of December 26, 2004

6. • The power of the earthquake, which was determined to be about a magnitude
9.2.It is the 2nd largest earthquake ever recorded.
• The energy released was 3,000 times that of the first atomic bomb. This sudden
release of energy caused the entire planet to wobble momentarily on its axis.
• The quake occurred in a relatively shallow portion of the Indian Ocean, 19 miles
below the surface .Eartquakes occurred in deep ocean hardly generate tsunami.
Causes of powerful tsunami
Indonesia , Sri Lanka ,Thailand ,India ,Somalia, Myanmar, Maldeves, Malysia,
Bangladesh, Tanzania, South Africa, Madagascar, Yemen.
Affected Countries

7. • With 174,500 casualties, 51,500 missing, and roughly 1.5 million people displaced, the toll of
human casualties from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami has no modern historical equal.
• Most of the loss of life occurred in the, Indonesia. The Tsunami destroyed almost every village,
town, road, and bridge built at below 10 m (33 ft) elevation along a 170-km stretch of the
western coast of Aceh Province.
• In India, 75% of the 10,700 fatalities were in the southeastern state of Tamil Nadu.
 Loss of life / Mortality
IMPACT OF THIS TSUNAMI
• Overall economic losses from the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami disaster are
estimated at $10 billion, with 75% of the loss attributed to the damage in the Indonesia, Thailand,
Sri Lanka, and India.
• These losses include damage to residential and commercial buildings and infrastructure, including
roads, water supply systems, electric power systems, schools, hospitals, and other healthcare
facilities.
• In the worst affected countries of Indonesia, India, and Sri Lanka, the insurance penetration to
cover flood or earthquake related perils was extremely low.
Economic losses

8. • Affected states and Union teritories Andaman and Nicobar islands,
Pondicherry, Tamilnadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh
• Coastal area affected – 2700 kms.
• Deaths Occurred – 18,045
• Missing – 6,000(approx.)
• Displaced – 6,50,000(approx.)
 Effects On INDIA
• The greatest damage was suffered by the fishing industry.
• Boats damaged or lost in india – 65,343.
• Most of the coastal population lost their livelihood.
• Most of the fishermen in affected areas lost their fishing nets and advised not
to catch fishes untill sea is stabled.
 Effects on Fishing industry

10. • Helping hand came from all over the world. Charity funds were organized in large amount.
• Nations all over the world provided over US$14 billion in aid for damaged regions.
• Organizations like UNO,World bank, Euro nations and various social groups came forward in
relief work.
Helping Out
• The Indian Ministry of External Affairs, along with the Indian defence forces and Home Ministry,
is coordinating relief operations to Sri Lanka, Maldives and Indonesia.
• Operation Castor (assistance to Maldives)
• Three vessels have been launched for Male-
 INS Mysore (two helicopters, reaching Male on 20 Dec 2004)
 INS Udaygiri (one helicopter, reaching Male on 29 Dec 2004)
 INS Aditya (one helicopter carrying water and a water purification plant, medical teams, reaching
Male on 30 Dec 2004)
India’s assistance with other affected countries

11. • "Quick Report on the Study of the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami Effects" (PDF).
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. Retrieved 21
December 2016.
• https://www.nap.edu/catalog/12628/tsunami-warning-and-preparedness-an-assessment-
of-the-us-tsunami
• https://www.worldvision.org/disaster-relief-news-stories/2004-indian-ocean-earthquake-
tsunami-facts
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
• https://www.ready.gov/tsunamis
REFERENCE