Cardiovascular disease encompasses heart and blood vessel-related illnesses, largely caused by factors such as plaque buildup in arteries, high blood pressure, and unhealthy lifestyles. Symptoms include fatigue, irregular heartbeat, chest pain, and shortness of breath, with diagnosis involving tests like ECG, MRI, and blood tests. Prevention focuses on adopting a healthy lifestyle, while treatment for diagnosed conditions may include medications and surgical procedures.

2. Cardiovascular disease in simple terms can be defined as
diseases related to the heart or blood vessels. The
cardiovascular system of the body is responsible for the
transportation of blood throughout the body. The
cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system.
The main elements of cardiovascular system are the heart,
veins, arteries, and blood capillaries. If, any of the elements of
the cardiovascular system is not able to perform its function
properly, the cardiovascular disease occurs. The failure of the
cardiovascular system can result in instant death.

3. Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary Artery Disease is an artery disease occurs when
arteries that supply blood become narrow due the buildup of
plaque. This buildup of plaque is known as atherosclerosis.
High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure is also known as Hypertension is a
condition in which the impact of the blood against the artery
wall is too high.
Cardiac Arrest
A cardiac arrest is the condition when the heart suddenly stops
to function. When the heart stops beating the transportation of
oxygen rich blood is stopped resulting in unconsciousness.

4. Stroke
A stroke happens when the supply of the blood to the
brain is interrupted due to which cells in the brain
start to die immediately.
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5. The most common behind the cardiovascular disease is the
development of plaque in the arteries and blood vessels that led
to the heart. Other common factors related to Cardiovascular
disease are:
 Smoking
 Uncontrolled Diabetes
 Obesity
 Depression
 Unhealthy life style
 Physical inactivity
 High level of cholesterol
 Genetic
 Excessive drinking

6. If these symptoms are ignored and not treated in their earlier
stage, they may result in serious complications in the future.
Some major symptoms of Cardiovascular disease:
 Fatigue
 Irregular heartbeat
 Shortness of breath
 Chest pain
 Nausea
 Lightheadedness
 Heartburn
 Indigestion
 Lack of appetite

7. The diagnosis of the cardiovascular disease depends upon the
patient’s heart condition. Besides a physical examination and
asking about your medical history, a cardiologist is likely to
perform some diagnostic test.
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
ECG records the electrical activity of the heart. It detects the
abnormal pattern of your heartbeat. It checks if all the heart
valves are working properly or not.
Magnetic resource imaging (MRI) of heart
A Cardiac MRI creates the still and moving picture of the heart
and other major blood vessels.

8. Computerised Tomography (CT) Scan
A CT scan of heart is an imaging method that creates a detailed
picture of heart and its blood vessels. CT scan uses x-rays to
create pictures of circulatory system.
Blood Test
The blood test is done to check the level of level of cholesterol,
fats, sugar, and protein in your blood. Increase in the amount of
any unhealthy element in your blood increases the risk of heart
disease.
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9. The best way to prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease is to
adopt a healthy lifestyle. However, if a person is already
diagnosed with a cardiovascular disease, the combination of
medicines and surgery is used to bring back their life on track.
Medicines
 Calcium channel blockers
 Blood cholesterol lowering agents
 Nitrates
 Anti platelet
 Beta Blockers
Surgeries
 Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
 Stent procedure
 Heart valve repair or replacement
 Heart transplant

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