amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & Gehrig's disease & moror neuron disease Medical Students
Gehrig's disease ALS motor neurone disease (MND), or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a specific disease which causes the death of neurons controlling voluntary muscles.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), AKA "Lou Gehrig's Disease," is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Motor neurons reach from the brain to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the muscles throughout the body. The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in ALS eventually leads to their death. When the motor neurons die, the ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement is lost. With voluntary muscle action progressively affected, patients in the later stages of the disease may become totally paralyzed.
Motor neuron disease is a rare disease it doesn't have any cure here in this video I have tried playing what is mnd its types causes how to diagnose and its management plan
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & Gehrig's disease & moror neuron disease Medical Students
Gehrig's disease ALS motor neurone disease (MND), or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a specific disease which causes the death of neurons controlling voluntary muscles.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), AKA "Lou Gehrig's Disease," is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Motor neurons reach from the brain to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the muscles throughout the body. The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in ALS eventually leads to their death. When the motor neurons die, the ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement is lost. With voluntary muscle action progressively affected, patients in the later stages of the disease may become totally paralyzed.
Motor neuron disease is a rare disease it doesn't have any cure here in this video I have tried playing what is mnd its types causes how to diagnose and its management plan
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurological disease that primarily affects the nerve cells (neurons) responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement (those muscles we choose to move). Voluntary muscles produce movements like chewing, walking, and talking.
This presentation is about different diseases which presents or are associated with myotonia. Referrences were taken from Bashir Katirji Neuromuscular textbook, continuum, and seminar of neurology journal.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurological disease that primarily affects the nerve cells (neurons) responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement (those muscles we choose to move). Voluntary muscles produce movements like chewing, walking, and talking.
This presentation is about different diseases which presents or are associated with myotonia. Referrences were taken from Bashir Katirji Neuromuscular textbook, continuum, and seminar of neurology journal.
ALS ( Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) / Lou Gehrig's DiseaseSiddharthRajah
A PPT made by Siddharth Rajah a biology student in his high school on the deadly nervous disease called ALS. It has affected many people like Stephen Hawking. Want to know more about this? You can see my PPT on it which I made for my Grade 11 Biology Project.
The Main Molecular Bases of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Integrating Reviewasclepiuspdfs
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects the lower and upper motor neurons. Its etiology is unknown, despite several studies that point to risk factors and genetic for the disease. It does not have a definitive treatment and the diagnosis, most of the time, is time consuming and demands varied criteria for adequate definition and classification. In the search for new treatments, gene therapy with gene insertion aims to reduce the impact of ALS on the patient. The study of molecular basis as the root cause of the disease becomes necessary to advance the discovery of effective treatment and a rapid diagnosis, aiming at improving the quality of life of the ALS patients. Therefore, the present work had the objective to bring an update of the literature on ALS, as well as to describe the main molecular bases involved in the causative/causative process of this disease.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (pcd) is an autosomal recessive genetic condition in which the microscopic cells in the respiratory system called cilia do not function normally.
Periventricular leukomalacia (pvl) is a form of brain damage that affects the white matter of brain, resulting in the cells in the white matter of brain either decaying or dying.
Kluver bucy syndrome is a very rare cerebral neurological disorder associated with damage to both temporal lobes resulting in abnormalities in memory, social and sexual functioning and idiosyncratic behaviours.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is an infectious disease characterized by flu-like symptoms that can progress rapidly to potentially life-threatening breathing problems.
Hyperacidity is a common condition wherein a person experiences some stomach discomfort after eating meal, due to the excessive production of acid during the digestion process.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurological disease,
which is categorized under a group of disorders called motor
neuron diseases. This disorder is also referred to as Lou
Gehrig’s disease, after Lou Gehrig, a popular baseball player
who died of this disease in 1941. It is a progressive
neurodegenerative fatal disease, which affects neurons in the
brain and spinal cord. It can cause symptoms such as muscle
weakness, eventually leading to paralysis and death. This
disease more commonly affects men than women. People
between the age of 40 and 60 years are at a higher risk of
developing this disorder.
3. Several studies have been conducted and are being conducted
until now to determine the causes of Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis. There have been theories presented though. Others
believe that the Lou Gehrig’s disease is a genetic disorder.
Studies also show that another probable cause of amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis is the mutations in the gene that produces the
SOD1 enzyme. Another possibility in terms of ALS causes that
researchers are looking into is the increased levels of glutamate.
This glutamate happens to be a chemical responsible for that
makes the transmission of messages between the neurons. This
is because patients suffering from the Lou Gehrig’s disease were
found to have elevated levels of glutamate. This isn't the case
with normal people who don’t have the said ailment. There are
those who think that the body’s autoimmune responses have
something to do with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as well.
4. One of the early symptoms of the Lou Gehrig’s disease is
disordered articulation so if you know someone who is
struggling to speak and form certain words all of a
sudden, you should consider the possibility of
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Check with a physician right
away. It’s the responsibility of those medical professionals
to confirm whether that individual is suffering from
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or something else. Another
symptom that you should watch out for is if the person
involved has trouble walking or running and experiences
weakness in his/her muscles. That could be Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis working its way through. Other motor
neuron degeneration symptoms include shortness of
breath, weakened reflexes and muscle cramps.
5. Sad to say, no cure or immediate prevention has
been discovered yet for Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis, which makes it one of the fatal diseases
ever to hit humanity. There may be medications
being offered to relieve the symptoms including
muscle stiffness, cramping, eating difficulties and
others but that’s just it. Some patients are being
given physiotherapy and special equipments like
the ventilator.
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