Peripheral vascular disease (pvd) is a slow blood circulation disorder that leads to blockage in blood vessels, outside your heart and brain.

1. Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

2. Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) is a slow blood circulation
disorder that leads to blockage in blood vessels, outside your
heart and brain. The blood is not able to circulate properly
due to clots in the arteries and veins. Peripheral Vascular
Disease (PVD) also affects the vessels that supply blood,
oxygen and nutrients to your kidneys, stomach, intestines,
and muscles. As this disease progress, it may completely
block the artery and can damage any organ or other parts of
the body. Claudication, arteriosclerosis obliterans,
intermittent claudication, arterial insufficiency of legs are
other names given to Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD).
This disease is divided into two types: Organic and Functional
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD).

3. Causes of Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
The causes of Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) depend on
its type. The organic and functional Peripheral Vascular
Disease (PVD) has separate causes.
In Organic PVD there is a change in the structure of blood
vessels, causing damage in the tissue, plaques and
inflammation, which causes your blood vessels to narrow.
Common causes of Organic PVD are:
High Blood Pressure
 High Cholesterol
 Smoking
 Diabetes
 Injuries

4. Causes of Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
In Functional PVD there is no material damage to your
blood vessels, but narrow down or widen of vessels
causes the decrease in blood flow. Common causes of
Functional PVD are:
 Cold temperature
 Stress
 Drugs
 Other factors that cause numbness in muscles
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5. Risk Factors of Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
There are several risk factors related to Peripheral
Vascular Disease (PVD), some of the major factors are
listed below:
High Blood pressure
 Heart Disease
 Kidney Disease
 Drinking
 Smoking
 Unhealthy Lifestyle
 Stress
 Bad cholesterol
 Overweight
 Lack of Exercise

6. Symptoms
Symptoms of Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) depend on
the affected artery. The lack of blood flow in the artery mostly
causes pain in leg calves, thighs, and hips. The pain generally
starts, with exercise or regressive physical movement.
Sometimes pain also occurs when you are walking or
climbing stairs. Other symptoms of Peripheral Vascular
Disease (PVD) include:
Cramps
 Pain in buttock
 Weakness
 Reduced hair growth on legs
 Sore on leg
 Numb and heavy feeling

7. Diagnosis of Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
A diagnostic test may be done for measuring the pulses
in your legs and feet, blood pressure readings in your
leg and arm. The tests done to diagnose Peripheral
Vascular Disease (PVD) include:
 X-ray
 MRI
 CT Scan
 BNP Blood test
 Angiography
 Stress test

8. Treatments
 There are a number of medication and surgery procedures
available for the treatment of this disease. Lifestyle changes
such as daily jogging, losing weight and balanced diet can
also help in the treatment of PVD.
 Medicine is given to reduce the painful symptoms, increase
the blood flow, and to keep your diabetes and cholesterol
under control. PVD medication may include atorvastatin,
cilostazal, clopidogrel.
 If medicines alone are not showing any improvement than
following surgeries may be performed including bypass
surgery, angioplasty and stents, heart valve treatment, heart
transplant.

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