Polycystic ovarian syndrome (pcos) is a state in which a woman's level of sex hormones estrogen and progesterone are out of balance.

2. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in
which a woman's levels of the sex hormones estrogen
and progesterone are out of balance. This leads to the
growth of ovarian cysts (benign masses on the
ovaries) on the lining of the ovaries.
 The ovaries make a tiny amount of male sex hormones
(androgens). In PCOS, they start making slightly
more androgens.
 This may cause the patient to stop ovulating, get acne,
and grow extra facial and body hair.
 The body may have a problem using insulin, called
insulin resistance. When the body doesn't use insulin
well, blood sugar levels go up.
 Over time, this increases the chance of getting
diabetes.

3. Certain symptoms may include:
 Acne.
 Weight gain and trouble losing weight.
 Extra hair on the face and body. Often women get
thicker and darker facial hair and more hair on the
chest, belly, and back.
 Thinning hair on the scalp.
 Irregular periods. Often women with PCOS have
fewer than nine periods a year. Some women have
no periods. Others have very heavy bleeding.
 Fertility problems. Many women who have PCOS
have trouble getting pregnant (infertility).
 Depression

4. Exact cause of PCOS is not known, but it is thought to
occur through hormone imbalance, and it can run in
families through father's or mother's side. Genetics
may be the factor contributing to PCOS. Person has
high risk of getting PCOS if her mother, sister or any
relative have history of PCOS and diabetes.

5.  Ask questions about patients past health, symptoms,
and menstrual cycles.
 To do a physical exam to look for signs of PCOS, such
as extra body hair and high blood pressure.
 Different lab tests may include:
 Thyroid function tests to determine how much of the
thyroid hormone the patient's body produces
 Fasting glucose test to measure the blood sugar
levels
 Lipid level tests to assess the amount of cholesterol in
the blood
 Vaginal ultrasound: A pelvic to vaginal ultrasound to
look for the cysts on the ovaries.

6.  Eating a healthy diet-A healthy diet and regular exercise is
recommended for all women with PCOS, particularly those who
are overweight. This can help to regulate the menstrual cycle
and lower your blood glucose levels.
 Birth control pills- Women who don't want to become pregnant
may be prescribed birth control pills. These can help treat acne,
regulate the menstrual cycle, and lower levels of male
hormones, such as testosterone, in the body.
 Medications-. Anti-androgens are drugs that reduce male
hormone levels. These can help stop excess hair growth and
reduce acne. Diabetes medications may also be prescribed to
lower blood glucose and testosterone levels.
 Surgery-Surgery may be recommended for some women with
PCOS. Ovarian drilling is a procedure in which doctor punctures
your ovary with a small needle that carries an electric current.
This is done in order to destroy part of the ovary. It's a short-
term solution that can promote ovulation and reduce male
hormone levels.

7. Certain complications may include:
 Infertility
 Hypertension (high blood pressure)
 High cholesterol
 Anxiety and depression
 Sleep apnea
 Endometrial cancer
 Heart attack
 Diabetes
 Breast cancer

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