Menopause is the natural biological process marking the end of menstrual cycles, occurring typically in women in their 40s or 50s. It brings physical and emotional symptoms such as hot flashes and mood changes, which may require treatment options like estrogen therapy or antidepressants. While menopause itself does not need medical treatment, addressing its symptoms is important for maintaining health and well-being.

2. Menopause is defined as occurring 12 months after
your last menstrual period and marks the end of
menstrual cycles. Menopause can happen in your 40s or
50s. It is a natural biological process and even though it
ends fertility, you can stay healthy and sexually active.
Some women breathe a sigh of relief because they no
longer need to worry about pregnancy.
Even so, the physical symptoms, such as hot flashes,
and emotional symptoms of menopause may disrupt
your sleep, lower your energy. For some women
menopause trigger anxiety or feelings of sadness and
loss.

3. Menopause can occur because of the following reasons:
 As you approach your late 30s, your ovaries start
making fewer hormones that regulate menstruation-
estrogen and progesterone. In your 40s, your
menstrual periods may become longer or shorter,
heavier or lighter, and more or less frequent, until
eventually, you have no more periods.
 A hysterectomy that removes your uterus but
not ovaries usually doesn't cause immediate
menopause. Although you no longer have periods, your
ovaries still release eggs and produce oestrogen and
progesterone.

4.  But surgery that removes both your uterus and ovaries
does cause menopause immediately, but you are likely
to have hot flashes and other menopausal signs and
symptoms.
 Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can induce
menopause, causing hot flashes during or after the
treatment. Menopause symptoms are not always
permanent following chemotherapy.
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5. In perimenopause time you might experience these
signs and symptoms:
 Irregular periods
 Vaginal dryness
 Hot flashes
 Night sweats
 Sleep problems
 Mood changes
 Weight gain and slowed metabolism
 Thinning hair and dry skin
 Loss of breast fullness

6. It is possible but unusual to have menses every month
right up to your last period. You are likelier to
experience some irregularity in your periods. Skipping
periods during perimenopause is common. Menses will
occur every two to four months during perimenopause.
It is possible to get pregnant despite irregular periods.
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7. Menopause does not require any medical treatment.
Treatments focus on relieving signs and symptoms and
managing chronic conditions that may occur with ageing.
Following are some of the treatment options:
 Oestrogen therapy remains the most effective treatment
option for relieving menopausal symptoms. Depending on
your medical history, your gynaecologist may suggest the
lowest dose of oestrogen needed to provide relief. Oestrogen
is also useful in preventing bone loss.
 In order to relieve the symptoms like vaginal dryness and
difficulty during intercourse, oestrogen can be administered
directly to the vagina using a vaginal cream, tablet or ring.

8. Vaginal tissues quickly absorb oestrogen released by this
treatment.
 Certain antidepressants like “selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors” may decrease menopausal hot flashes. These
antidepressants are recommended to those women who can't
take oestrogen for health reasons.
 Neurontin is clinically approved to treat seizures, but it has
also been shown to help reduce hot flashes.
Before jumping on to any treatment option, it is best to have
a consultation with your gynecologist. Review your options
wisely.
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