Cardiovascular Diseases

1. CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE
Presented by
Lisa Panchal
21MHY1061
NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

2. TREATMENT
INTRODUCTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CAUSES/ RISK
FACTORS
PREVENTION
SYMPTOMS TYPES
1 2 3
4 5 6
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3. INTRODUTION
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Cardiovascular disease is a group of diseases affecting your heart and
blood vessels. These diseases can affect one or many parts of your
heart and/or blood vessels. A person may be symptomatic (physically
experiencing the disease) or asymptomatic (not feeling anything at
all).
Cardiovascular disease includes heart or blood vessel issues,
including:
 Narrowing of the blood vessels in your heart, other organs or
throughout your body.
 Heart and blood vessel problems present at birth.
 Heart valves that aren’t working right.
 Irregular heart rhythms.

4.  Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)
are a group of disorders of the
heart and blood vessels.
 Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)
are the leading cause of death
globally.
 An estimated 17.9 million
people died from CVDs in 2019,
representing 32% of all global
deaths. Of these deaths, 85%
were due to heart attack and
stroke.
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INTRODUTION

5.  Out of the 17 million premature deaths (under the age of 70) due
to noncommunicable diseases in 2019, 38% were caused by
CVDs.
 Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing
behavioral risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and
obesity, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol.
 It is important to detect cardiovascular disease as early as
possible so that management with counselling and medicines
can begin.
INTRODUCTION
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6. SYMPTOMS OF THE CVD
Light headedness or
dizziness
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Nausea or vomiting
Chest Pain (angina)
Shortness of breath
(Dyspnea)
Numbness in your face or a
limb.
Fatigue and Exhaustion.

7. TYPES OF
CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
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8. There are many different types of cardiovascular diseases, including
but not limited to:
Arrhythmia: Problem with your heart’s electrical conduction system,
which can lead to abnormal heart rhythms or heart rates.
Valve disease: Tightening or leaking in your heart valves (structures
that allow blood to flow from one chamber to another chamber or
blood vessel).
Coronary artery disease: Problem with your heart’s blood vessels,
such as blockages.
Heart failure: Problem with heart pumping/relaxing functions,
leading to fluid buildup and shortness of breath.
Peripheral artery disease: Issue with the blood vessels of your
arms, legs or abdominal organs, such as narrowing or blockages.
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TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

9. Aortic disease: Problem with the large blood vessel that directs
blood from your heart to your brain and the rest of your body, such
as dilatation or aneurysm.
Congenital heart disease: Heart issue that you’re born with, which
can affect different parts of your heart.
Pericardial disease: Problem with the lining of your heart, including
pericarditis and pericardial effusion.
Cerebrovascular disease: Issue with the blood vessels that deliver
blood to your brain, such as narrowing or blockages.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Blockage in your veins, vessels that
bring blood back from your brain/body to your heart.
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TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

10. CAUSES AND RISK
FACTORS OF CVD
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11. RISK FACTORS
MODIFIABLE
● Tobacco use (including vaping)
● Lack of physical activity.
● Having excess weight or obesity.
● Diet high in sodium, sugar and fat.
● Overuse of alcohol.
● Misuse of prescription or recreational
drugs.
● Poor diet
● Uncontrolled diabetes
● High LDL
NON- MODIFIABLE
● Age
● Gender
● Genetics
● Menopause
● Race
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12. DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS
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13. DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS
Blood work Ankle brachial index (ABI) Electrocardiogram (EKG)
measures substances that indicate
cardiovascular health, such as cholesterol,
blood sugar levels and specific proteins
compares the blood pressure in your
ankles and arms to diagnose
peripheral artery disease.
records your heart’s electrical
activity.
Ambulatory monitoring Echocardiogram Ultrasound
uses wearable devices that track
your heart rhythm and rates.
uses sound waves to create an
image of your heartbeat and
blood flow.
uses sound waves to check blood
flow in your legs or neck.
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14. DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS
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Cardiac computerized
tomography (CT)
uses X-rays and computer
processing to create 3D
images of your heart and
blood vessels.
Cardiac magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI)
MR angiogram or CT
angiogram
Cardiac catheterization
uses an MRI or CT,
respectively, to see blood
vessels in your legs, head and
neck.
uses magnets and radio waves
to create highly detailed
images of your heart.
uses X-rays and computer processing to
create 3D images of your heart and
blood vessels. uses a catheter (thin,
hollow tube) to measure pressure and
blood flow in your heart.

15. TREATMENT
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16. TREATMENT
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Examples include
changing your diet,
increasing your aerobic
activity and quitting
smoking or tobacco
products (including
vaping).Mercury is the
smallest planet
Lifestyle
changes
Despite Your
healthcare provider
may prescribe
medications to help
manage cardiovascular
disease. Medication
type will depend on
what kind of
cardiovascular disease
you have. red, Mars is
cold
Medications
You may need a
monitored exercise
program to help your
heart get stronger
Cardiac
rehabilitation
If medications aren’t
enough, your healthcare
provider may use certain
procedures or surgeries to
treat your cardiovascular
disease. Examples include
minimally invasive heart
surgery, open-heart
surgery, ablations or
cardioversion.
Procedures
or surgeries
You may need careful
monitoring over time
without medications or
procedures/surgeries.
Active
surveillance

17. PREVENTION
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18. PREVENTION
1
Don't smoke.
Eat a diet that's low
in salt and saturated
fat.
Get good sleep.
Adults should
aim for 7 to 9
hours daily
Reduce and
manage stress.
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2 3 4 5 6 7
Control high
blood
pressure, high
cholesterol
and diabetes.
Maintain a healthy
weight.
Exercise at
least 30
minutes a day
on most days
of the week.

19. REFERENCES
● https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21493-
cardiovascular-disease
● https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-
disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353118
● https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-
sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
● https://www.amymyersmd.com/article/ascvd-heart-
disease-risk-factors
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20. THANK YOU
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