This document discusses cardiac disorders and diagnostic tests used to evaluate heart function. It describes the layers and electrical activity of the heart and some common cardiac disorders like angina, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure. Important diagnostic tests are discussed that can be invasive like cardiac catheterization or non-invasive like electrocardiography, echocardiography, MRI scans, and serum enzyme tests of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, troponin, and AST. These tests provide information about heart size and shape, electrical activity, blood flow, and detect abnormalities.

1. RIMSHA FAROOQ(BBS153009)
FAIZA NAZIR AHMAD(BBS153010)
Course Instructor: Dr. Erum Dilshad

3. Contents
Introduction of heart
Types of cardiac disorders associated test
Common serum enzymes test

4. Heart
Hollow muscular organ
Chambers
Weight
I. males: 300 gm
II. females: 250 gm.

5. Layers
Pericardium Myocardium Endocardium

6. Electrical Activity
Junctional tissue of heart is highly specialized tissue, of
which generates and conducts the cardiac impulse all over the body.
 SA Node , AV Node , AVB
 `Right &left branches of Atrioventricular bundle.
 `Purkinjee fibers

7. Functions of Heart
Circulates blood through the body to meet their
nutritive requirements.
Circulation:
Short circuit starts from right ventricle &carries impure
blood to the lungs for purification.
Again the oxygenated blood goes to the left atrium.

8. CARDIAC DISORDERS:
Angina pectoris
 Myocardial infraction
 Congestive cardiac failure
Atherosclerosis

9. IMPORTANTANCE OF DIAGNOSIS:
The clinician must have knowledge of these disease &
diagnostic techniques used to measure the cardiac
performance

10. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS:
Tests
Invasive process
CAT scan
Noninvasive process
Chest X-ray
ECG
Echocardiography
MRI Scan
Serum enzyme test
Creatinine kinase
test
Lactate
Dehydrogenase test
Troponin test
AST test

11. Chest X-ray
It is used for the diagnosis of the heart
enlargement & about its size & shape

12. ECG(Electrocardiography)
electrical activities of the heart are studied.
Graphical record of electrical changes
Purpose:
Any deviation towards the lower side & upper side
indicates the abnormal function of heart

13. Echocardiography
Simple non invasive test.
Performed at unstable patients
Using the ultrasound

14. MRI Scans
 Non invasive procedures
 detailed picture of heart & blood vessels
Useful auto diagnosing:
 .congenital abnormalities .
 Abnormal growth & tumors

15. CONT…
Abnormal results indicates:
 Heart valve disorders , pericardial effusion , atrial
myxoma fibrosis congestive heart failure.

16. CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
 CATHETER:
 -It is a thin radio opaque tube , made up of elastic , rubber (or)
glass
 -Invasive procedure in which catheter is inserted intravenously
into any chamber of heart.

17. Diagnostic use:
 Angiography (imaging technique) -various pressures
determined
Right heart Left heart

18. RIGHT HEART LEFT HEART
CONT…
 Right atrial P
 Right ventricular P
 Pulmonary atrial P
 Pulmonary capillary wedge P
 Aortic P
 Left atrial P
 Left ventricular P

19. Therapeutic use
Thrombolysis
Percutaneous transfuminal coronary angiography.
Laser coronary angioplasty
Catheter abtation