Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a type of surgery that improves blood flow to the heart. It's used for people who have severe coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease.
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a type of surgery that improves blood flow to the heart. It's used for people who have severe coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease.
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Some of the slides, i hide it from my real presentations for my own reference. Download to see all of them.
Cardiomyopathy, or heart muscle disease, is a type of progressive heart disease in which the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. As a result, the heart muscle's ability to pump blood is less efficient, often causing heart failure and the backup of blood into the lungs or rest of the body. The disease can also cause abnormal heart rhythms.
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Some of the slides, i hide it from my real presentations for my own reference. Download to see all of them.
Cardiomyopathy, or heart muscle disease, is a type of progressive heart disease in which the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. As a result, the heart muscle's ability to pump blood is less efficient, often causing heart failure and the backup of blood into the lungs or rest of the body. The disease can also cause abnormal heart rhythms.
invasive non invasive procedures.pdf for bsc nursing studentsshanmukhadevi
Chest X-ray:
The chest X-ray is a noninvasive tool used to visualize internal structures, such as the heart, lungs, soft tissues, and bones.
Most chest X-rays are taken while the patient is inhaling so that the lungs are fully expanded.
Several types of chest X-rays can be used to assess heart size, contour, and position; other types reveal cardiac and pericardial calcification as well as physiologic alterations in pulmonary circulation.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. • Diagnostic tests and procedures are used to
confirm the data obtained by history and physical
assessment. Some tests are easy to
interpret, but others must be interpreted by
expert clinicians. All tests should be explained
to the patient
3. • BLOOD STUDIES
• IMAGING STUDIES
Chest X-ray
Echocardiogram
C T Scan
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Cardiac catheterization
• ECG
• Cardiac stress tesing
• Holter monitoring
• Electrophysiologic study
4. BLOOD STUDIES
• Cardiac biomarkers
When cells are injured they release their contents into blood
stream including enzymes and other proteins
It includes
Troponin
Creatine kinase (CK-MB)
Myoglobin
5. Myoglobin
• Myoglobin, an early marker of MI, is a heme protein with
a small molecular weight. This allows it to be rapidly
released from damaged myocardial tissue and accounts
for its early rise,
• within 1 to 3 hours after the onset of an acute MI.
Myoglobin peaks in 4 to 12 hours and returns to normal
in 24 hours.
6. CREATINE KINASE( CK)
• Creatine kinase enzymes are found in variety of
organs ,occur as three isoenzymes
CK-MM, CK-BB, CK-MB
CK-MB begin to rise 3-6 hours after S/S
PEAK-12-24 HOURS
RETURN TO NORMAL-48-72 HRS
7. Troponin
• Myocardial muscle protein
• Two subtypes
Troponin T (cTnT)
Troponin I (cTnI)
• Rise – 4-6 hours
• Peak- 10-24 hours
• Returned to normal after 10-14 days
8. Other blood investigations
• C-reactive protein (CRP)- Marker of inflammation that can predict
cardiac events, even normal lipid values.
Normal-<1mg/ml
• Homocysteine- amino acids produced during protein catabolism.
Normal-<12 nmol/ml
• serum lipids
cholesterol- <200mg/dl
Triglycerides- <150 mg/dl
Lipoprotiens-
HDL , Male > 40mg/dl, Female> 50mg/dl
LDL- <100mg/dl
9. Electrocardiography
• Electrocardiography (ECG / EKG) is a transthoracic
interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over a
period of time, as detected by electrodes attached to the
outer surface of the skin and recorded by a device
external to the body(electrocardiograph
11. Bipolar leads
• Electrodes are connected to two limbs one being a positive pole and other
being a negative pole
• The limb leads form the points of Einthoven's triangle
• They are:
• Limb lead I: LA+, RA-
• Limb lead II: RA-, LL+
• Limb lead III: LA-, LL+
12. Unipolar leads
• Here the electrodes have two poles, one is active and the other inactive.
• They are:
▫ Augmented limb leads
▫ Precordial leads
• The negative pole is produced by connecting the electrodes, RA; LA; and
LL, together, via a simple resistive network.
• Positive pole is active and negative pole inactive
13. Augmented limb leads
• They are: aVR , aVF, aVL
• Lead augmented vector right (aVR):
• +ve electrode: right arm
• -ve electrode: left arm & left foot
• Lead augmented vector left (aVL):
• +ve electrode: left arm
• -ve electrode: right arm & the left foot
• Lead augmented vector foot (aVF):
• +ve electrode: left foot.
• -ve electrode: right arm & left arm
14. Precordial leads
• Active electrode-placed directly on 6 points on the
chest.
• Electrodes do not require augmentation.
• They are:
▫ V1:4th intercostal space near right sternal margin.
▫ V2:4th intercostal space near the left sternal margin.
▫ V4: left 5th intercostal space on midclavicular line.
▫ V3: between V2 and V4.
▫ V5: left 5th intercostal space on anterior axillary line.
▫ V6: left 5th intercostal space on mid axillary line.
15. Chest X ray
A chest X-ray uses a very small amount of radiation to produce an image of the heart, lungs,
and chest bones on film.
16. Views
PA or postero-anterior view:
• Patient stands with his chest against the
container of the film
• The X-ray beam from the machine
comes from the posterior/back and
moves through the chest to the
anterior/front.
Lateral view:
• Patient stands sideways in front of the
film with arms raised up.
• The X rays penetrate the chest from the
sides.
17. Uses
• Helps to diagnose heart diseases such as
▫ Cardiomegaly
▫ Aneurysm and Coarctation of aorta
▫ Heart failure
▫ Pericardial effusion with Tamponade
▫ ASD, VSD, PDA
• Evaluates placement of devices (pacemakers, defibrillators) or
catheters, chest tubes placed during hospitalization.
18. Echocardiography
• It is the diagnostic procedure
which uses ultrasound
waves(fq>20000 Hz) to
produce 2D 0r 3D image slices
of the heart muscle.
• It determines size, shape,
movement of valves and heart
chambers and flow of blood
through the heart.
19. Working
• A transducer containing piezoelectric crystals converts electrical energy into an
ultrasound beam
• This beam is directed towards heart.
• The beam is reflected when it strikes the surface between tissues of different
densities.
• Reflected ultrasound/echo is converted to electrical energy by piezoelectric
crystals which constructs image based on
▫ Intensity of echos
▫ Time taken for echoes to return
22. ▫ Invasive and must be performed under
supervision.
• Doppler echocardiography:
▫ Waves reflected from RBCs have different
frequency than that of transmitted waves.
▫ Determines direction and velocity of blood
flow.
▫ Assessment of
Cardiac valve areas and function
Abnormal communications between the left
and right side of the heart
Valvular regurgitation
Calculation of the cardiac output and ejection
fraction.
Heart valve defect
23. Uses and Indications
Assessment of
▫ Pericardial effusion
▫ Congenital Heart Defects
▫ Valvular heart diseases
▫ Myocardial Infarction
▫ High blood pressure/ Hypertensive heart disease
▫ Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
▫ Intracardiac tumors [myxomas] and blood clots
▫ Aortic regurgitation/stenosis/aneurysm and dissection
▫ Calcification of valves
▫ Rheumatic mitral valve disease
▫ Cardiac failure
VSD
24. Cardiac CT Scan (CCT)
• Computerised Tomography (CT) is a medical
imaging method employing tomography, created by
computer processing.
• Tomography refers to imaging by sections or
sectioning, through the use of any kind of penetrating
wave [radiation].
• A three-dimensional image of the inside of the heart
is generated from a large series of two-dimensional X-
ray picture taken around a single axis of rotation.
• In simpler terms, it is an imaging method that uses x-
rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the heart.
25. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Cardiovascular magnetic resonance
imaging (CMR) / cardiac MRI, is a medical
imaging technology that uses powerful magnets
and radio waves to create pictures of the body.
• Single MRI images produced are called slices.
• One exam produces dozens or sometimes
hundreds of images which can be combined to
produce 3D models.
• The images can be stored on a computer or
printed on film.
26. Principle
• The single proton of the nucleus of a hydrogen atom vibrates , or
"resonates," when exposed to bursts of magnetic energy.
• When many hydrogen nuclei resonate in response to changes in a magnetic
field, they emit radiofrequency energy.
• The MRI machine detects this emitted energy, and converts it to an image.
• Hydrogen nuclei are used because hydrogen atoms are present in water
molecules (H2O), and therefore are present in every tissue in the body.
• Subtle differences in the hydrogen atoms between various parts of a tissue -
emit different amounts of energy.
• These energy differences show up as different shades of gray on the MRI
which is helpful in detecting areas of cardiac tissue that have poor blood
flow (coronary artery disease) or that has been damaged (heart attack).
27. CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
• Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic
procedure in which radiopaque arterial and venous
catheters are introduced into selected blood vessels of
the right and left
sides of the heart.
• Catheter advancement is guided by fluoroscopy
28. ANGIOGRAPHY
• Cardiac catheterization is usually performed with angiography, a
technique of injecting a contrast agent into the vascular system
to outline the heart and blood vessels
29.
30. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC
TESTING
• The electrophysiology study (EPS) is an invasive procedure that
plays a major role in the diagnosis and management of serious
dysrhythmias and is used
• (1) to distinguish atrial from ventricular
tachycardias when the determination cannot be made from
the 12-lead ECG,
• (2) to evaluate how readily a life-threatening dysrhythmia (eg, ventricular
tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)
• (3) to evaluate AV node function
• (4) to determine the need for other therapeutic interventions, such as a
pacemaker, implantable cardioverter defibrillator,
31. CARDIAC STRESS TESTING
• Normally, the coronary arteries dilate to four times their
usual diameter in response to increased metabolic
demands for oxygen and nutrients. Coronary arteries with
atherosclerosis, however, dilate much less, compromising
blood flow to the myocardium and causing ischemia.
• Exercise stress test, the pharmacologic stress test, and
more recently, the mental or emotional stress test
32. • (1) CAD,
• (2) cause of chest pain,
• (3) functional capacity of the heart after an MI or heart surgery,
• (4) effectiveness of antianginal or antiarrhythmic medications,
• (5) dysrhythmias that occur during physical exercise,
• (6) specific goals for a physical fitness program.
33. Exercise Stress Testing
• In an exercise stress test, the patient walks on a treadmill
(most common) or pedals a stationary bicycle or arm crank.
Exercise intensity progresses according to established
protocols. The Bruce protocol, for example, is a common
treadmill protocol in which the speed and grade of the
treadmill are increased every
3 minutes.
35. • During the test, the following are monitored: two or
more ECG leads for heart rate, rhythm, and ischemic
changes; BP; skin temperature; physical
appearance; perceived exertion; and symptoms
including chest pain, dyspnea, dizziness, leg
cramping, and fatigue.
36. Pharmacologic Stress Testing
• Two vasodilating agents, dipyridamole (Persantin) and
adenosine (Adenocard), administered intravenously, are
used to mimic the effects of exercise by maximally dilating
the coronary arteries. The effects of dipyridamole last about
15 to 30 minutes.
The side effects are related to its vasodilating action and
include chest discomfort, dizziness, headache, flushing, and
nausea.Adenosine has similar side effects, although patients
report these symptoms as more severe