Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1. There are three main types of carbohydrates: monosaccharides like glucose, disaccharides formed from two monosaccharides like sucrose, and polysaccharides made of many glucose monomers like starch and cellulose. Polysaccharides can be either storage polysaccharides found in plants and animals or structural polysaccharides that provide structure.
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The document discusses carbohydrates, which are a major source of energy composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They include monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides (two monosaccharides joined), oligosaccharides (3-10 monosaccharides), and polysaccharides (long chains of monosaccharides). Important monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Disaccharides formed from two monosaccharides include maltose, lactose, and sucrose. Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides and include starch, glycogen, and cellulose. Carbohydrates have important biomedical roles as energy sources and structural components in the body.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates provide energy for the body, enabling metabolism, thus preventing the breakdown of protein as an energy source.
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Monosaccharides are simple sugars with 3 to 7 carbons that are sweet in taste and cannot be further broken down. They include trioses like glyceraldehyde, pentoses that form the backbone of nucleic acids and polysaccharides, and hexoses such as glucose and fructose. Glucose is an important energy source for the body and precursor to cellulose, glycogen and starch. Fructose is sweeter than glucose and found naturally in fruits.
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Lipids are naturally occurring non-polar and water-insoluble substances found in plants and animal tissues that can be extracted by non-polar organic solvents. They include fatty acids and compounds like steroids, terpenes, and fat-soluble vitamins. Lipids play important roles in our bodies, from providing energy and building cell membranes, to transporting fat-soluble vitamins and hormones. They are classified into simple lipids like fats, oils, and waxes; compound lipids including phospholipids, glycolipids, and lipoproteins; and derived lipids. Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes and include glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids.
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1) Carbohydrates are an essential class of biomolecules that serve as the primary energy source for many organisms. They are classified into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides depending on their size.
2) Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Oligosaccharides consist of 2-9 monosaccharide units and include disaccharides like sucrose and maltose. Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharide units and include starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
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Carbohydrates: Classes and Functions
Carbohydrates have the general chemical formula (CH2O)n. They are the most abundant organic compounds found in living organisms and serve as the major source of metabolic energy. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and ribose; disaccharides formed from the linkage of two monosaccharides like sucrose, lactose, and maltose; and polysaccharides made of long chains of monosaccharides like starch and glycogen. Carbohydrates provide energy through glucose, regulate blood glucose levels, spare the use of proteins, prevent ketosis, and have roles in flavor, fiber, and metabolism.
Carbohydrates 1
Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that serve as an important energy source. They exist in nature as monosaccharides (simple sugars), oligosaccharides (short chains of monosaccharides), and polysaccharides (long chains of monosaccharides). Glucose is a key monosaccharide that circulates in the blood and is used by cells for energy. Starch and glycogen are examples of polysaccharides that function as energy stores in plants and animals respectively. Cellulose, a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, provides structure but is indigestible. Carbohydrates play essential roles in energy storage, structure, and other biological functions in living organisms.
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates provide energy for the body, enabling metabolism, thus preventing the breakdown of protein as an energy source.
Classification of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides are simple sugars with 3 to 7 carbons that are sweet in taste and cannot be further broken down. They include trioses like glyceraldehyde, pentoses that form the backbone of nucleic acids and polysaccharides, and hexoses such as glucose and fructose. Glucose is an important energy source for the body and precursor to cellulose, glycogen and starch. Fructose is sweeter than glucose and found naturally in fruits.
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Carbohydrates have the general chemical formula (CH2O)n. They are the most abundant organic compounds found in living organisms and serve as the major source of metabolic energy. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and ribose; disaccharides formed from the linkage of two monosaccharides like sucrose, lactose, and maltose; and polysaccharides made of long chains of monosaccharides like starch and glycogen. Carbohydrates provide energy through glucose, regulate blood glucose levels, spare the use of proteins, prevent ketosis, and have roles in flavor, fiber, and metabolism.
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Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that serve as an important energy source. They exist in nature as monosaccharides (simple sugars), oligosaccharides (short chains of monosaccharides), and polysaccharides (long chains of monosaccharides). Glucose is a key monosaccharide that circulates in the blood and is used by cells for energy. Starch and glycogen are examples of polysaccharides that function as energy stores in plants and animals respectively. Cellulose, a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, provides structure but is indigestible. Carbohydrates play essential roles in energy storage, structure, and other biological functions in living organisms.
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Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates are compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are divided into three classes based on whether they can be broken down through hydrolysis and how many molecules are produced. Monosaccharides cannot be broken down further through hydrolysis, while disaccharides produce two monosaccharides and polysaccharides produce many monosaccharides when broken down. Monosaccharides and some oligosaccharides are crystalline solids that are sweet and soluble in water, while polysaccharides are amorphous and insoluble in water.
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Carbohydrates can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. Monosaccharides include simple sugars like glucose and fructose and contain hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. They can exist as cyclic or linear structures and undergo mutarotation between ring forms. Disaccharides are formed via condensation reactions between two monosaccharides and include sucrose and lactose. Polysaccharides have long chains of monosaccharide units and provide structure and energy storage. Examples include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
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Structure and function of carbohydrates WELFREDO YU JR
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This document discusses macronutrients and their classifications and functions. It covers carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Carbohydrates are divided into simple and complex categories. The main types of proteins are complete, incomplete and conditionally incomplete. Fats are classified as saturated and unsaturated. The document also addresses malnutrition that can result from deficiencies or excesses of these macronutrients.
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1) Glucose is a simple sugar that cells use as an energy source. It is produced through photosynthesis and is needed for cellular respiration.
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and cellulose and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They can be divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides like glucose are single sugars, disaccharides like sucrose are double sugars formed from two monosaccharides, and polysaccharides like starch are polymers made of many glucose molecules. Starch is the main storage carbohydrate in plants and is made of amylose, a single spiral chain of glucose, and amylopectin, branched chains of glucose. Glycogen serves the same function in animals and has a similar structure to amylopectin. Cellulose forms plant cell walls and is made of straight chains of glucose
Carbohydrate ppt
This document provides an overview of carbohydrates. It begins by defining carbohydrates as the most abundant organic compounds in plants, acting as energy stores and structural components. It then discusses monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Specific carbohydrates discussed include glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin. It explains their structures, functions, and important properties. The document is a comprehensive introduction to carbohydrate chemistry.
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Carbohydrates are sugars that provide the body with energy. There are two types - simple carbohydrates like refined sugars and fruits, and complex carbohydrates like grains. Carbohydrates are digested and absorbed for energy, and the best choices are whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. Disorders can result from too few or too many carbohydrates, such as diabetes, hypoglycemia, and lactose intolerance. Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar is too low and symptoms include shakiness, dizziness, and mood changes.
Carbohydrates
The document discusses carbohydrates and provides details about their classification and properties. It begins by defining carbohydrates and noting they are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are then classified as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on the number of monosaccharide units they contain. Important monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and galactose are highlighted. Common disaccharides and polysaccharides are also listed such as sucrose, lactose, starch, and cellulose. In closing, it emphasizes that polysaccharides serve important structural or energy storage functions in plants and animals.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are organic compounds that serve as a major source of energy. They are classified based on their structure as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. Common monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Important disaccharides are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Starch and cellulose are examples of polysaccharides. Carbohydrates can be identified using chemical tests such as Molisch, Fehling's, Benedict's, Barfoed, and iodine tests. These tests identify carbohydrates based on properties such as being reducing or non-reducing sugars.
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Chemistry of Carbohydrates for medical, para medical, Science students.
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Carbohydrates.pptx
Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They include sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) and starches/fibers (polysaccharides). Monosaccharides like glucose are the simplest type, while polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds. Carbohydrates serve important functions like energy storage, structure in cell walls, and as components of other biomolecules. They are classified based on their structure as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides.
Carbohydrate Str, Func and classification.pdf
This document provides an overview of carbohydrates and their classification. It begins by defining carbohydrates and discussing their importance as energy sources. It then classifies carbohydrates as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on the number of monosaccharide units. Common monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and galactose are discussed in more detail regarding their structures, stereoisomers, anomers, and cyclic forms. The document emphasizes that carbohydrates serve structural roles in plants and energy storage roles in animals.
introduction to Carbohydrates and its type
Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They include sugars, starches, and fibers. Sugars can be monosaccharides (such as glucose, fructose, galactose), which cannot be broken down further, or polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose. Monosaccharides can exist as open-chain or cyclic structures and exhibit different forms including anomers, enantiomers, and epimers. Carbohydrates serve important functions as energy sources, components of cells and tissues, and in nutrient absorption and storage.
carbohydrates-131204014552-phpapp02 [Autosaved].pptx
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carbohydrates-131204014552-phpapp02.pdf for agricultural department in nutrition
Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that serve as an energy source. They include monosaccharides (simple sugars), oligosaccharides (short-chain sugars), and polysaccharides (long-chain sugars). Monosaccharides like glucose are the basic unit of carbohydrates and provide energy through cellular respiration. Plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose through photosynthesis. Polysaccharides like starch and cellulose function as energy storage and provide structure to plants. Carbohydrates are classified based on their structure and number of monosaccharide units. They play essential roles in energy storage, structure, and metabolism.
Carbohydrates.pptx
This document discusses biomolecules and carbohydrates. It defines biomolecules as molecules produced by living organisms, including macromolecules like proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecule and chief source of energy. There are four main types of carbohydrates - monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. Glucose, fructose and galactose are examples of monosaccharides. Sucrose, lactose and maltose are disaccharides. Starch, glycogen and cellulose are polysaccharides. Carbohydrates provide energy to living organisms through digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
Nutrients in food-AAAC
The document discusses the six major nutrients found in food - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, mineral salts, vitamins, and water. It provides details on the structure and function of each nutrient, as well as typical food sources. The document also describes the human digestive system and the chemical processes that break down digested food, including the hydrolysis of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into smaller molecules that can be absorbed.
Classification of carbohydrates.ppt
Carbohydrates are generally classified into monosaccharides (simple sugars), oligosaccharides (containing few sugar units) and polysaccharides (containing many sugar units).
Monosaccharides are sugar molecules containing short chain of carbon atoms, one aldehydic or ketonic group and hydroxyl groups attached to remaining Carbon atoms.
Oligosaccharides are formed by polymerisation of monosaccharide molecules by elimination of water molecules.
Polysaccharides are high molecular weight substances composed of large number of moosaccharide units combined to form one large polymer molecule. They may be straight chain or branched chain polymers.
04_Carbohydrates.pdf
Carbohydrates are compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They include monosaccharides like glucose and fructose, disaccharides formed from two monosaccharides like sucrose, and polysaccharides formed from long chains of monosaccharides like starch, glycogen, and cellulose. Monosaccharides can be classified as aldoses or ketoses depending on whether they contain an aldehyde or ketone group. Aldoses are reducing sugars while ketoses are non-reducing. Disaccharides and polysaccharides provide energy storage in plants and animals. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are made of glucose monomers arranged differently, influencing their properties and uses in organisms.
carbohydrates-131204014552-phpapp02-1.pdf
Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that serve as a source of energy. They include sugars, starches, and fibers. Sugars are small carbohydrate molecules, like glucose, fructose, and galactose. Multiple sugars can be linked together to form larger carbohydrates like oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Starch is a polysaccharide made of linked glucose units that plants store as an energy source. Glycogen serves the same function as starch but is found in animals. Cellulose, another polysaccharide made of glucose, gives structure to plant cell walls.
carbohydrates-131204014552-phpapp02 (1).pdf
Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They include sugars, starches, and fibers. Monosaccharides like glucose and fructose are simple sugars that cannot be broken down further. Disaccharides like sucrose and lactose are composed of two monosaccharides joined together. Polysaccharides contain long chains of monosaccharides and include starches, glycogen, and fibers. Carbohydrates serve important functions as energy sources, structural components in plants, and as a way for cells and organisms to store energy.
carbohydrates-131204014552-phpapp0.2.pdf
Carbohydrates are an essential organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They serve as the primary energy source for living organisms. There are three main types of carbohydrates - monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides like glucose are the simplest form, while polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen are made of many monosaccharide units linked together. Carbohydrates play important structural and energy storage roles in plants and animals. They are broken down and used for energy, and the carbon atoms are used to build other biomolecules. Common carbohydrates in our diets include starch, fiber, and sugars.
Introduction of carbohydrates
General Introduction of carbohydrates
carbohydrates
introduction of carbohydrates, carbohydrates by raj kumar kumawat, carbohydrates introduction for students
4.1 carbohydrates.ppt
Carbohydrates are one of the four major macromolecules and are the most abundant organic molecules in nature. They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates have many functions including energy storage, structural components, and cell signaling. They can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on the number of sugar units. Common monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Polysaccharides serve important structural and storage roles. Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides through digestion before being absorbed.
Biochemistry final ppt
This document discusses carbohydrates and classifies them into three categories: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are simple sugars that serve as building blocks. Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides bond together. Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates formed from chains of many monosaccharides bonded together. Carbohydrates provide energy, energy storage, and structural support in organisms. Their general formula is CH2O.
Carbohydrates.pptx
This document discusses carbohydrates, including their classification, roles, and functions. Carbohydrates can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides based on the number of sugar units present. Examples of monosaccharides are glucose and galactose. Important polysaccharides include glycogen, starch, and cellulose. Carbohydrates serve important structural and metabolic roles, such as providing energy, storing energy as glycogen, detoxifying the body, and being components of genetic material and cellular structures.
Chemistry of life (Biochemistry) The study of chemical .docx
Chemistry of life (Biochemistry)
The study of chemical compounds that are vital for living organisms to sustain life is called biochemistry. The subject deals with the nature of these compounds and characteristic reactions they make inside the living organisms . We are not involved fundamentally with the study of biochemistry as a subject , but to give brief introduction to main classes of the organic compounds in this important field. It is beyond this discussion to present detailed explanation of these essential organic substances . We will give short introduction of the main classes and their active role in our body . Some of these groups are , carbohydrates , fats and proteins, etc..
· Carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are classes of organic compounds that consist of carbon , hydrogen and oxygen with an empirical formula of Cm(H2O)n in most cases . The terms m and n can be the same as in the case of C6H12O6 (glucose) or different in the case of C12H22O11 (sucrose) . Another important feature of the carbohydrates is that oxygen and hydrogen are generally in ratio of 2:1 , so that it was historically called hydrates of carbon ; but not all compounds of carbohydrates necessarily maintain this hydrogen – oxygen ratio and not all compounds that fit this hydrogen-oxygen ratio are carbohydrates .
In biochemistry the term carbohydrate denotes different compounds called saccharides . These compounds include sugars , starch and cellulose . Saccharides (Greek word meaning sugars) are generally classified into monosaccharides , disaccharides and polysaccharides .
Monosaccharides are the simple sugars which are either aldoses (aldehydes) like glucose or ketoses ( ketones) like fructose . These simple sugars are further classified on the base of the number of carbon atoms they contain like pentose (containing five carbon atoms) , or hexose (containing six carbon atoms) .
Carbohydrates are naturally formed in a process called photosynthesis in which plants combine CO2 from the air and water from the soil in the presence of chlorophyll , sunlight and certain enzymes producing simple sugars .
6 CO2 + 6H2O (sun light) C6H12O6 + 6O2
sugar(glucose)
This above reaction is not simple process as it looks , but extremely complicated reaction with different intermediate steps before it gives the final product . since the final product is a monosaccharide , plants have the ability to synthesize disaccharides by combining two molecules of monosaccharides .
2 C6H12O6 C12H1.
Villaester_Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules on Earth and the main source of energy for living organisms. Plants make carbohydrates through photosynthesis, releasing oxygen and using carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce glucose molecules. Carbohydrates come in simple and complex forms and provide energy, regulate blood glucose levels, and serve structural functions. The document then discusses the structures, functions, and examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Biological molecules (Carbohydrates and Lipids) water and Proteins Recap-AS B...
The document discusses carbohydrates and lipids. It describes the structures and properties of monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol. It explains that monosaccharides can combine to form disaccharides through condensation reactions, and many monosaccharides can link together to form polysaccharides through glycosidic bonds. Triglycerides are composed of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids, while phospholipids contain a glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group. The nonpolar structure of lipids makes them insoluble in water and gives them hydrophobic properties.
Carb ppt
Carbohydrates are one of the main types of nutrients and are the most important source of energy for the body. They perform numerous roles including energy storage, structural components, and as components of coenzymes and genetic material. Carbohydrates can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Common monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Common disaccharides are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Polysaccharides serve structural and energy storage functions. Complications from carbohydrates can include tooth decay, lactose intolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes mellitus.
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