Monosaccharides are simple sugars with 3 to 7 carbons that are sweet in taste and cannot be further broken down. They include trioses like glyceraldehyde, pentoses that form the backbone of nucleic acids and polysaccharides, and hexoses such as glucose and fructose. Glucose is an important energy source for the body and precursor to cellulose, glycogen and starch. Fructose is sweeter than glucose and found naturally in fruits.

3. Monosaccharides
 Sweet In taste
 Not hydrolysable
 Have three to seven carbons
 3 carbons=Triose
 4 carbons=Tetrose
 5 carbons=Pentose
 6 carbons=Hexose
 7 carbons=Heptose

4.  Types:
1. Aldoses
2. Ketoses
Aldoses contain Aldehydic group –CHO
Ketoses contain Ketonic group –CO-

7. Trioses
 D-glyceraldehyde
 L- glyceraldehye
 Dihydroxyacetone
 Important in cellular respiration, in the glycolysis
step.

8. Pentoses
 Ribose
 Ribulose
 They form the backbone of polysaccharides
 They form the backbone of proteins
 They form the backbone of lipids
 They form the backbone of nucleic acids

9. Hexoses
 Glucose
 Fructose
 Galactose
 Mannose
 Talose
 Allose
 Idose

10. Gluose
 Polyhydroxy aldehyde
 Dextrose=Dextrorotatory
 Grape sugar
 Blood Sugar
 110mg/1000mL in blood
 Energy source for the body
 Combines with others to form disaccharides

14. Importance of Glucose
 Most widely used Hexose
 An energy source
 A precursor forms:
 Cellulose
 Glycogen
 Starch etc.
 Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia

15. Importance of Fructose
 Found in foods and Drinks
 1 to 2 times sweeter than table sugar
 Used as artificial sweetener
 Anaerobic fermentation raw material for bacteria
and yeasts.
 Apricots, apples, grapes etc.

16. Fructose in body(from Sucrose)