Cancer is defined as a malignant tumor that grows uncontrollably and spreads through the body. The document discusses the main types of cancer like lung, breast, colon, and prostate cancer. It covers the causes of cancer which can include infections, chemicals, smoking, and genetic and environmental factors. Some common signs and symptoms of cancer are lumps, unusual bleeding, changes in bowel or bladder habits, and persistent coughs or hoarseness. The diagnosis of cancer involves tests like biopsies, scans and examinations. Treatment options discussed are surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapies. Vaccines can also help prevent some cancers.

1. CANCER
Om verma
Lecturer in medical surgical

2. INTRODUCTION
a malignant tumor of potentially
unlimited growth that expands
locally by invasion and metastasis

3. DEFINITION

4. TYPES OF TUMORS

5. TYPES OF CANCER
• lung cancer
• Breast cancer
• Colon and rectal cancer
• Endometrial cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Kidney cancer
• Prostrate cancer
• Thyroid cancer
• leukemia

6. ETIOLOGY

7. INFECTION: HIV VIRUS
INFECTION

8. CHEMICALS AND SMOKING

9. CON……
Environmental factors
• Tobacco
• Alcohol
• Dietary Factors
• Occupational exposures
• Viruses
• Parasites
• Customs ,habits, Lifestyles
• Others – sunlight, pollution,
• drugs
• Genetic

10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• • Early cancer no symptoms
• • Change in bowel habits or bladder functions
• • Sores that do not heal
• • Unusual bleeding or discharge
• • Lumps or thickening of breast or other parts of
• the body
• • Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• • Recent change in wart or mole
• • Persistent coughing or hoarseness

11. • Screening
• Self examinations
• Biopsy
• X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, PET
scans, and
• ultrasound scans
• • Molecular diagnostic test
DIAGNOSIS

12. • • Surgery
• • Radiotherapy
• • Chemotherapy
• • Immunotherapy
• • Hormone therapy
• • Gene therapy
• • Cancer-specific immune system cells to
treat
• cancer
TREATMENT

13. VACCINATION
• Human papillomavirus vaccine and
decreases the risk of developing
cervical cancer. The hepatitis B
vaccine prevents infection with
hepatitis B virus and thus decreases
the risk of liver cancer