Cancer of Stomach- Easy explanation for Nurses-
Introduction of Cancer of Stomach
risk factors of Cancer of Stomach
Clinical manifestations of Cancer of Stomach
Assessment & Diagnostic tests of Cancer of Stomach
Management of Cancer of Stomach
Surgical management
Chemotherapy & radiation therapy
Nursing Management
nursing Management
cancer of breast , this slide cointains detailed information about the breast cancer that is definition, causes and risk factor, sign and symptoms, management of patient with cancer , giving psychological support .treatment
cancer of breast , this slide cointains detailed information about the breast cancer that is definition, causes and risk factor, sign and symptoms, management of patient with cancer , giving psychological support .treatment
Intestinal obstruction is a significant or mechanical blockage of intestine that occurs when food or stool can not move through the intestine.
These obstruction may be complete or partial.
Cancer is a life-threatening disease. 80% to 90% of all cancers are the result of the things we do to ourselves. Among women, breast cancer is the second most common cancer.
Prostate cancer or tumor is the most common cancer in men other than non-melanoma skin cancer.
The majority (more than 75%) of cases occur in men over age 65.
Risk factors for prostate cancer including increasing age, the incidence of prostate cancer increase rapidly after the age of 50 years. And more than 70% cases occur in men older than 65 year of age.
Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile that can form in your gallbladder. Bile is a digestive fluid produced in your liver and stored in your gallbladder. When you eat, your gallbladder contracts and empties bile into your small intestine (duodenum)
Oncology Nursing:-An oncology nurse is a specialized nurse who cares for cancer patients. These nurses require advanced certifications and clinical experiences in oncology further than the typical baccalaureate nursing program provides. Oncology nursing care can be defined as meeting the various needs of oncology patients during the time of their disease including appropriate screenings and other preventive practices, symptom management, care to retain as much normal functioning as possible, and supportive measures upon the end of life.
What is oncology?
Oncology is the branch of medicine that researches, identifies, and treats cancer. A physician who works in the field of oncology is an oncologist.
Oncologists must first diagnose cancer, which is usually carried out via biopsy, endoscopy, X-ray, CT scanning, MRI, PET scanning, ultrasound, or other radiological methods. Nuclear medicine can also be used to diagnose cancer, as can blood tests or tumor markers. Oncology is often linked with hematology, which is the branch of medicine that deals with blood and blood-related disorders.
Treatment
Once a diagnosis is made, the oncologist discusses the disease stage with the patient. Staging will dictate the treatment of cancer. Chemotherapy — which is defined as the destruction of cancer cells — may be used, as well as radiation therapy. Surgery is used to remove tumors. Hormone therapy is used to treat certain types of cancers, and monoclonal antibody treatments are gaining popularity. Research into cancer vaccines and immunotherapies is ongoing. Palliative care in oncology treats pain and other symptoms of cancer.
Treatment team
Cancer is often treated in a team effort, with at least two or three types of oncologists, including medical, surgical, or radiation. The oncology treatment team may also include a pathologist, a diagnostic radiologist, or an oncology nurse. In the event of a new or a difficult-to-treat case of cancer, the oncology care team may consult a tumor board, made up of various medical experts from all relevant disciplines. The tumor board reviews the case and recommends the best course of cancer treatment for the patient.
Oncology nurse
The oncology nurse has many roles, from helping with cancer screening, detection, and prevention, to the intensive care focus of bone marrow transplantation. Work settings for oncology nurses also vary and include acute care hospitals, ambulatory care clinics, private offices, radiation therapy facilities, and home care agencies. Oncology nurses work with adult and pediatric patients with cancer.
Pediatric Oncology
Pediatric oncology is a medical specialty that focuses on cancer care for children.
The National Cancer Institute estimates that 10,270 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in children in 2017. Of these, 1,190 children will die from the disease.
Pediatric oncology is an important medical field that treats all pediatric cancer types, including acute lymphocytic leukemia,
Cholelithiasis (calculi or gallstones) usually form in the gallbladder from the solid constituents of bile and vary greatly in size, shape and composition.
Intestinal obstruction is a significant or mechanical blockage of intestine that occurs when food or stool can not move through the intestine.
These obstruction may be complete or partial.
Cancer is a life-threatening disease. 80% to 90% of all cancers are the result of the things we do to ourselves. Among women, breast cancer is the second most common cancer.
Prostate cancer or tumor is the most common cancer in men other than non-melanoma skin cancer.
The majority (more than 75%) of cases occur in men over age 65.
Risk factors for prostate cancer including increasing age, the incidence of prostate cancer increase rapidly after the age of 50 years. And more than 70% cases occur in men older than 65 year of age.
Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile that can form in your gallbladder. Bile is a digestive fluid produced in your liver and stored in your gallbladder. When you eat, your gallbladder contracts and empties bile into your small intestine (duodenum)
Oncology Nursing:-An oncology nurse is a specialized nurse who cares for cancer patients. These nurses require advanced certifications and clinical experiences in oncology further than the typical baccalaureate nursing program provides. Oncology nursing care can be defined as meeting the various needs of oncology patients during the time of their disease including appropriate screenings and other preventive practices, symptom management, care to retain as much normal functioning as possible, and supportive measures upon the end of life.
What is oncology?
Oncology is the branch of medicine that researches, identifies, and treats cancer. A physician who works in the field of oncology is an oncologist.
Oncologists must first diagnose cancer, which is usually carried out via biopsy, endoscopy, X-ray, CT scanning, MRI, PET scanning, ultrasound, or other radiological methods. Nuclear medicine can also be used to diagnose cancer, as can blood tests or tumor markers. Oncology is often linked with hematology, which is the branch of medicine that deals with blood and blood-related disorders.
Treatment
Once a diagnosis is made, the oncologist discusses the disease stage with the patient. Staging will dictate the treatment of cancer. Chemotherapy — which is defined as the destruction of cancer cells — may be used, as well as radiation therapy. Surgery is used to remove tumors. Hormone therapy is used to treat certain types of cancers, and monoclonal antibody treatments are gaining popularity. Research into cancer vaccines and immunotherapies is ongoing. Palliative care in oncology treats pain and other symptoms of cancer.
Treatment team
Cancer is often treated in a team effort, with at least two or three types of oncologists, including medical, surgical, or radiation. The oncology treatment team may also include a pathologist, a diagnostic radiologist, or an oncology nurse. In the event of a new or a difficult-to-treat case of cancer, the oncology care team may consult a tumor board, made up of various medical experts from all relevant disciplines. The tumor board reviews the case and recommends the best course of cancer treatment for the patient.
Oncology nurse
The oncology nurse has many roles, from helping with cancer screening, detection, and prevention, to the intensive care focus of bone marrow transplantation. Work settings for oncology nurses also vary and include acute care hospitals, ambulatory care clinics, private offices, radiation therapy facilities, and home care agencies. Oncology nurses work with adult and pediatric patients with cancer.
Pediatric Oncology
Pediatric oncology is a medical specialty that focuses on cancer care for children.
The National Cancer Institute estimates that 10,270 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in children in 2017. Of these, 1,190 children will die from the disease.
Pediatric oncology is an important medical field that treats all pediatric cancer types, including acute lymphocytic leukemia,
Cholelithiasis (calculi or gallstones) usually form in the gallbladder from the solid constituents of bile and vary greatly in size, shape and composition.
colorectal cancer, epidemiology, risk factors, sign and symptom,
pathophysiology, complications, assessment and diagnostic findings, medical and nursing interventions
Dr. Sen has completed his MBBS from R.G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata in 1999, MS (General Surgery) from IPGMER in 2005, DNB (General Surgery) from National Board of Examinations in 2006, MRCS from UK in 2006, DNB (Surgical Gastroenterology) from CMRI Hospital, Kolkata in 2010.He has also completed his MNAMS from National Academy of Medical Sciences in 2007, Fellowship in AMASI in 2007, Fellowship in Hepato - Biliary - Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi in 2007, FICS in 2012 and Certification in Endo Hernia Surgery & Solid Organ Endo-surgery in 2008. Prior to joining Medica family he was associated with Fortis Hospitals, AMRI Group of Hospitals, Apollo Gleneagles, CMRI , Woodlands, Belle Vue Nursing Home , Kolkata and has an experience of above 23 years.
Small intestine perforation- Easy ppt for student nurses
definition
causes
clinical manifestations
diagnostic tests
management of small intestine perforation
Introduction to Nursing-
Concept
Meaning
Definition of Nursing-
1. According to Florence Nightingale
2. According to American Nurses Association
Scope of Nursing
Aims of Nursing
Roles, Responsibilities and functions of nursing
Review of lungs anatomy and physiology- Easy explanation for students
Introduction
Anatomy
Air movement through Lungs
Physiology of Respiration
Assessment of Respiratory System
Types of bed in Nursing- easy explanation for Student Nurses
CLOSED BED
OPEN BED
ADMISSION BED
OCCUPIED BED
OPERATION BED/POST ANESTHESIA BED/RECOVERY BED
CARDIAC BED
FRACTURE BED
AMPUTATION BED/STUMP BED
BURN BED
Cancer of Breast - easy ppt for Nursing Students
Definition
Risk factors
Clinical manifestations
Assessment & diagnostic findings
Management
Surgery
Breast cancer rehabilitation
Pharyngitis- Easy PPT for Nursing StudentsSwatilekha Das
Pharyngitis- Easy PPT for Nursing Students
organs of the respiratory system
Definition
Acute Pharyngitis definition
Causes
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nutritional therapy
Chronic Pharyngitis
types
Clinical manifestations
Medical management
Cancer of Prostate- Easy PPT for Nursing StudentsSwatilekha Das
Cancer of Prostate- Easy PPT for Nursing Students
Definition & picture
Risk factors
Clinical manifestations
Assessment & diagnostic methods
Medical management
Surgical Management
-Radical prostatectomy
Radiation therapy
Hormone therapy
Other therapies
Thank you
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
2.
Most gastric cancers are adenocarcinomas; they can
occur anywhere in the stomach. The tumor infiltrates
the surrounding mucosa, penetrating the wall of the
stomach and adjacent organs and structures.
Prognosis is poor because most patients have
metastases (liver, pancreas, and esophagus or
duodenum) at the time of diagnosis.
Cancer of the Stomach
3.
It typically occurs in males and people older than 40
years (occasionally in younger people).
The incidence of gastric cancer is much greater in Japan.
Diet appears to be a significant factor (ie, high in
smoked foods and lacking in fruits and vegetables).
Other factors related to the incidence of stomach cancer
include chronic inflammation of the stomach,
Helicobacter pylori infection, pernicious anemia, smoking,
achlorhydria, gastric ulcers, previous subtotal gas-
trectomy (more than 20 years ago), and genetics.
Risk factors
4.
5.
Early stages: Symptoms may be absent or may
resemble those of patients with benign ulcers (eg,
pain relieved with antacids).
Progressive disease: Symptoms include dyspepsia
(indigestion), early satiety, weight loss, abdominal
pain just above the umbilicus, loss or decrease in
appetite, bloating after meals, nausea and vomiting,
and symptoms similar to those of peptic ulcer
disease.
Advanced gastric cancer may be palpable as a mass.
Clinical Manifestations
6.
biopsy and cytologic washings is the diagnostic
study of choice.
Barium x-ray examination of the upper GI tract, EUS,
and CT may be used.
Assessment and
Diagnostic Methods
7.
Removal of gastric carcinoma; curative if tumor can
be removed while still localized to the stomach
Effective palliation (to prevent symptoms such as
obstruc-tion) by resection of the tumor; total
gastrectomy; radical subtotal gastrectomy; proximal
subtotal gastrectomy; esoph-agogastrectomy
Surgical Management
8.
Chemotherapy for further disease control or
palliation (5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, doxorubicin,
etoposide, mitomysin C )
Radiation for palliation
Tumor marker assessment to determine treatment
effectiveness
Chemotherapy &
Radiation therpy
9.
Assessment
Elicit history of dietary intake.
Identify weight loss, including time frame and amount; assess
appetite and eating habits; include pain assessment.
Obtain smoking and alcohol history and family
history (eg, any first- or second-degree relatives with
gastric or other cancer).
Assess psychosocial support (marital status, coping
skills, emotional and financial resources).
Perform complete physical examination (palpate and
percuss abdomen for tenderness, masses, or ascites).
Nursing Management
THE PATIENT WITH STOMACH CANCER
11.
Provide a relaxed, nonthreatening atmosphere (helps
patient express fears, concerns, and anger).
Encourage family in efforts to support the patient,
offering
assurance and supporting positive coping measures.
Advise about any procedures and treatments.
Anxiety related to disease and
anticipated treatment
12.
Encourage small, frequent feedings of nonirritating foods to decrease
gastric irritation.
Facilitate tissue repair by ensuring food supplements are high in
calories and vitamins A and C and iron.
Administer parenteral vitamin B12 indefinitely if a total gastrectomy is
performed.
Monitor rate and frequency of IV therapy.
Record intake, output, and daily weights.
Assess signs of dehydration (thirst, dry mucous membranes, poor skin
turgor, tachycardia, decreased urine output).
Review results of daily laboratory studies to note any meta-bolic
abnormalities (sodium, potassium, glucose, BUN).
Administer antiemetic agents as prescribed.
Imbalanced nutrition, less than body
requirements, related to early satiety
or anorexia
13.
Administer analgesic agents as prescribed
(continuous infusion of an opioid).
Assess frequency, intensity, and duration of pain to
deter-mine effectiveness of analgesic agent.
Work with the patient to help manage pain by
suggesting nonpharmacologic methods for pain
relief, such as position changes, imagery, distraction,
relaxation exercises (using relaxation audiotapes),
back rubs, massage, and periods of rest and
relaxation.
Pain related to tumor mass
14.
Help patient express fears, concerns, and grief about diag-
nosis.
Answer patient’s questions honestly.
Encourage patient to participate in treatment decisions.
Support patient’s disbelief and time needed to accept
diagnosis.
Offer emotional support, and involve family members
and significant others whenever possible; reassure that
emotional responses are normal and expected.
Anticipatory grieving related to
diagnosis of cancer