This document discusses several types of cancers that can occur in female reproductive organs. It covers cervical cancer, which arises from cells in the cervix and is caused by HPV infection. It also discusses endometrial cancer, which originates from cells in the uterine lining, and risk factors like obesity. Finally, it covers ovarian cancer, which can be epithelial, germ cell, or stromal tumors originating in the ovaries, with increased risk with age and inherited gene mutations. Signs and symptoms, staging, diagnostic tests, and treatment options are provided for each cancer type.

1. Malignant Conditions Of
Ovary, Uterus, Cervix,
Endometrium
Dr. Shazia Iqbal
Assistant Professor (Obstetrics & Gynaecology)
Director of Medical Education Unit
VisionCollege of Medicine, Riyadh

2. Uterine Cancer
The terms uterine cancer mayrefer to anyof several
different types of cancer which occur in the uterus,
namely:
 Cervicalcancer: arises from the transformation zone of
the cervix,the lower portion of the uterus.
 Endometrial cancer: originate from cellsin the glands of
the endometrium (uterine lining).

3. CERVICAL CANCER
• Cervical cancer is a malignant
tumour deriving from cells of the
"cervix uteri", which is the lower
part, the "neck" of the womb, the
Female reproductive organ.
• Cervical cancer is the third most
common cancer in women
worldwide

4. RISK FACTORS
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Human papilloma virus(HPV)
Multiple sexual partners.
Smoking
Weakened immune system
Multiple pregnancies
Giving birth at a very young age
Long-term use of the
contraceptive pill
Family history

5. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
• Bleeding that occurs between regular
menstrual periods.
• Bleeding after sexual intercourse,
douching, or a pelvic exam.
• Menstrual periods that last longer and are
heavier than before.
• Bleeding after going through menopause.
• Increased vaginal discharge.
• Pelvic pain

6. STAGES OF CERVICAL CANCER
• Stage I- Cancer is confined to the cervix.
• Stage II- Cancer at this stage includes the
cervix and uterus, but has not spread to the
pelvic wall or the lower portion of the vagina.
• Stage III- Cancer at this stage has moved
beyond the cervix and uterus to the pelvic
wall or the lower portion of the vagina.
• Stage IV- At this stage, cancer has spread to
nearby organs, such as the bladder or rectum,
or it has spread to other areas of the body,
such as the lungs, liver or bones.

7. DIAGNOSTIC TEST
• PAP smear test
• HPV DNA test
• Colposcopy
• Cone biopsy
• CT (computerized
tomography) scan
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging
scan
• Pelvic ultrasound

8. CONE BIOPSY
PAP SMEAR TEST

9. MANAGEMENT
• Chemotherapy
• Radiotherapy
• Combined therapy
• Surgical treatment
Laser surgery
LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure)
Hysterectomy

10. ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
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Endometrial cancer is a cancer that
arises from the endometrium (the
lining of the uterus or womb).
It is the result of the abnormal
growth of cells that have the
ability to invade or spread to
other parts of the body.
It account for 7.0% of all cancers in
women
Peak incidence is in the age
group of 55 to 69 years

11. RISK FACTORS
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Early menarche < 12 Years of age.
Late menopause > 52 Years of age.
Estrogen given alone as postmenopausal hormone
replacement therapy
Nulliparity
PCOD syndrome
Obesity
Diabetic and hypertensive women develop
endometrial cancer
Previous history of breast, ovarian) & colorectal Ca.
Family History of endometrial Cancer
Tamoxifen
Long term use of Oral contraceptives.

12. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
• Postmenopausal bleeding
• Premenopausal irregular or excessive
bleeding
• Watery and offensive
discharge
• Colicky pain due to uterine
contraction

13. STAGES OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
• Stage1- Growth of tumor is
confined to endometrium.
• Stage 2- Growth extend to
cervix.
• Stage 3- Growth extends to vagina
including lymph nodes.
• Stage 4- Growth invades
rectum or bladder and
structure beyond pelvis.

14. DIAGNOSIS
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Hysteroscopy with
endometrial curettage
Endometrial curettage
Endometrial biopsy
Ultrasound and colour
Doppler
Hysteroscopy
Histopathological
examination
CT/MRI

15. TREATMENT
• Surgery- Hysterectomy,
Laparotomy
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Combined therapy

16. OVARIAN CANCER
• It is an abnormal cells that forms
in an ovary.
• Most of these tumors are benign
and never spread beyond the ovary.
• It can be treated by removing
the ovary or the part of the
ovary that contains the tumor.
• It is the 5th most common cause
of cancer deaths in women,

17. Types of ovarian cancer
• The ovaries are made up of 3 main kinds
of cells. Each type of cell can develop
into a different type of tumor:
• Epithelial tumors start from the cells that
cover the outer surface of the ovary. Most
ovarian tumors are epithelial cell tumors.
• Germ cell tumors start from the cells
that produce the eggs (ova).
• Stromal tumors start from structural tissue
cells that hold the ovary together and
produce the female hormones estrogen
and progesterone.

18. Risk factors
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Age - beyond 45years of age.
Inherited gene mutation
Estrogen hormone replacement therapy,
especially with long- term use and in large doses
Nulligravida Fertility
treatment. Smoking.
Use of an intrauterine device.

19. Signs and symptoms
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Abdominal bloating, pressure
Dull abdominal pain
Sudden loss of weight
Abdominal distention
Dyspepsia
Difficulty Eating
An Increased Urge to urinate
Fatigue
Indigestion
Heartburn
Constipation
Back Pain
Menstrual Irregularities
Painful Intercourse

20. STAGING OF OVARIAN CANCER
• Stage I. Cancer is found in one
or both ovaries.
• Stage II. Cancer has spread to
other parts of the pelvis.
• Stage III. Cancer has spread to
the abdomen.
• Stage IV. Cancer is found
outside the abdomen.

21. Diagnosis
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It starts with a pelvic
examination- enlarged pelvic
mass.
ultrasound
CT scans,
Blood test, which can detect a
protein (CA 125) found on the
surface of ovarian cancer cells
Abdominal fluid cytology Pet
scan

22. Treatment
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Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Combination of surgery and chemotherapy.
• Surgery
• Treatment generally involves removal of both
ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus as well as
nearby lymph nodes and a fold of fatty abdominal
tissue (omentum)
• Less extensive surgery involve removal of one
ovary and fallopian tube.

23. Summary l

24. Summary ll

25. References
• Myers, JS. (2001). Oncologic complications. In SE Otto
(Ed.), Oncology Nursing, 4th Ed. (pp. 544-548). St.
Louis, Missouri: Mosby.
• Otto, SE. (2001). Gynecologic cancers. In SE Otto ((Ed.).
Oncology Nursing, 4th Ed. (pp. 257-260). St. Louis,
Missouri: Mosby.
• Penson, R., & Powell, M. (2014). Clinical features,
diagnosis, staging, and treatment of uterine
carcinosarcoma. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
• http://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-
diagnosis- staging-and- treatment-of-uterine