Cancer of Gallblader by waheed

1. Muhammad Waheed
GBSN Sem-3
Sir Rafique Siyal

2.  Definition
 Symptoms
 Causes
 Risk factors
 Preparing for your appointment
 Tests and diagnosis
 Treatments and drugs
 Coping and support

4.  Gallbladder cancer is cancer
that begins in the gallbladder.
 Gallbladder cancer is
uncommon
 Gallbladder cancer is difficult to
diagnose because it often causes
no specific signs or symptoms.

6.  Gallbladder cancer signs and symptoms may
include:
 Abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right
portion of the abdomen
 Abdominal bloating
 Itchiness
 Fever
 Loss of appetite
 Losing weight without trying
 Nausea
 Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)

8.  gallbladder cancer forms when healthy
gallbladder cells develop changes (mutations)
in their DNA.
 Most gallbladder cancer begins in the
glandular cells that line the inner surface of the
gallbladder. this type of cell is called
adenocarcinomaDNA.

9.  Factors that can increase the risk of gallbladder cancer
include:
 Your sex. Gallbladder cancer is more common in women.
 Your age. Your risk of gallbladder cancer increases as you
age.
 Your weight. People who are obese are at higher risk for
developing gallbladder cancer.
 A history of gallstones. Gallbladder cancer is most common
in people who have had gallstones in the past. Still,
gallbladder cancer is very rare in these people.
 Other gallbladder diseases and conditions. Other
gallbladder conditions that can increase the risk of
gallbladder cancer include porcelain gallbladder,
choledochal cyst and chronic gallbladder infection.

10.  Blood tests.
 Procedures to create images of the
gallbladder.
 Imaging tests that can create pictures of the
gallbladder include ultrasound, computerized
tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI)

11.  The stages of gallbladder cancer are:
 Stage I. At this stage, gallbladder cancer is confined to the inner
layers of the gallbladder.
 Stage II. This stage of gallbladder cancer has grown to invade the
outer layer of the gallbladder and may extend beyond the
gallbladder.
 Stage III. At this stage, gallbladder cancer has grown to invade
one or more nearby organs, such as the liver, small intestine or
stomach,lymph nodes.
 Stage IV. The latest stage of gallbladder cancer includes large
tumors that involve multiple nearby organs and tumors of any
size that have spread to distant areas of the body.


12. Surgery may be an option if you have an early-stage
gallbladder cancer. Options include:
 Surgery to remove the gallbladder
 Surgery to remove the gallbladder and a
portion of the liver.

13.  Chemotherapy
 Radiation therapy
 Clinical trials. Clinical trials use experimental
or new medications to treat gallbladder cancer.

14.  Advanced gallbladder cancer can
cause blockages in the bile ducts, causing
further complications.
 Procedures to relieve blockages may help. For
instance, surgeons can place a hollow metal
tube (stent) in a duct to hold it open or
surgically reroute bile ducts around the
blockage (biliary bypass).

15.  Ask questions about gallbladder cancer.
 Stay connected to friends and family
 Write down your medical wishes.