This document discusses canals and their classification and design. It describes different types of canals including contour canals, which follow the contour lines of the land to minimize engineering works. The document outlines several steps for determining the depth and bed width of canals based on factors like area and peak discharge. It also lists considerations for aligning canals, such as minimizing costs, serving the intended irrigation area, and balancing cut and fill amounts.

1. Subject- Water Resources Engineering
By
Dr.* Denish Jangid
Assistant Professor
Civil Engineering Department
Unit -Canal & its Types with Design of channels

2. Canal

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6. Canal Classification based on Financial returns
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7. Canal Classification based on Use
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11. Canal Classification based on Size

19. A contour canal is an artificially-dug navigable canal which closely follows the contour
line of the land it traverses in order to avoid costly engineering works such as boring
a tunnel through higher ground, building an embankment over lower ground, or
constructing a canal lock (or series of locks) to change the level of the canal. Because
of this, these canals are characterised by their meandering course.

58. Step 4 Determine the depth D and bed width B from values of A & P

77. 1895

79. (8)

81. +

86. +

109. Method 2

146. Canal Alignment should be done in such a way that
1.It should serve the entire area proposed to be irrigated.
2.Cost of construction including cross drainage works should be minimized.
3.A shorter length of canal ensures less loss of head due to friction and smaller loss of
discharge due to seepage and evaporation, so that additional area may be brought
under cultivation.
4.A canal may be aligned as a contour canal, a side slope canal or a ridge canal
according to the type of terrain and culturable area.
5.A contour canal irrigate areas only on one side of the canal.
6.Where canal crosses valleys, different types of cross drainage works are required.
7.A side slope canal is aligned at 90 degree to the contours of the region.
8.A watershed or ridge canal irrigate areas on both sides.
9.Cross drainage works are eliminated in case of ridge and side slope.
10.Main canal is generally carried on a contour alignment.
11.Branch and distributories take off from a canal from or near the points where the
canal crosses the watershed.
12.There should be Consideration of economy in alignment of contour canals.
13.All possible alignments should be studied and the best suited alignment should be
selected.
14.Number of rinks and acute curves should be minimized.
15.They should be aligned as far as possible in partial cutting partial filling.
16.Deep cutting should be avoided by comparing the overall cost of alternative
alignments.
17.A canal section is economical if there is equal amount of cut and fill.

147. By
Dr.* Denish Jangid
Assistant Professor
Civil Engineering Department
Unit -Canal & its Types with Design of channels