This document discusses balancing depth in canal design, canal lining, and design principles for lined canals. It defines balancing depth as the depth where the amount of cut material equals the amount of fill material. It lists advantages of canal lining such as reducing seepage losses and maintenance costs. Design principles for lined canals include selecting economical cross-sectional shapes based on discharge and using side slopes of 1:1 or 1.25:1 that are stable for the soil. Input data includes discharge, roughness, slopes, and maximum velocity, and output data includes breadth and depth calculated using Manning's equation.
Canal fall- necessity and location- types of falls- Cross regulator and
distributory head regulator- their functions, Silt control devices, Canal
escapes- types of escapes.
Reservoir Planning: Introduction; Investigations for reservoir planning; Selection of site for a reservoir; Zones of storage in a reservoir; Storage capacity and yield; Mass inflow curve and demand curve; Calculation of reservoir capacity for a specified yield from the mass inflow curve; Determination of safe yield from a reservoir of a given capacity; Sediment flow in streams; Life of reservoir; Reservoir sediment control; flood routing. Various types of Spillways and design.
Canal fall- necessity and location- types of falls- Cross regulator and
distributory head regulator- their functions, Silt control devices, Canal
escapes- types of escapes.
Reservoir Planning: Introduction; Investigations for reservoir planning; Selection of site for a reservoir; Zones of storage in a reservoir; Storage capacity and yield; Mass inflow curve and demand curve; Calculation of reservoir capacity for a specified yield from the mass inflow curve; Determination of safe yield from a reservoir of a given capacity; Sediment flow in streams; Life of reservoir; Reservoir sediment control; flood routing. Various types of Spillways and design.
Introduction, Term related to reservoir planning (Yield, Reservoir planning and operation curves, Reservoir storage, Reservoir clearance), Investigation for reservoir planning, Significance of mass curve and demand curves, Applications of mass-curve and demand curves, Fixation of reservoir capacity from annual inflow and outflow, Fixation of reservoir capacity.
Canal irrigation- (topics covered)
Types of Impounding structures: Gravity dam – Diversion Head works - Canal drop –
Cross drainage works – Canarl egulations – Canal outlets – Cana ll ining - Kennady s
and Lacey s Regim et heory
Introduction, Term related to reservoir planning (Yield, Reservoir planning and operation curves, Reservoir storage, Reservoir clearance), Investigation for reservoir planning, Significance of mass curve and demand curves, Applications of mass-curve and demand curves, Fixation of reservoir capacity from annual inflow and outflow, Fixation of reservoir capacity.
Canal irrigation- (topics covered)
Types of Impounding structures: Gravity dam – Diversion Head works - Canal drop –
Cross drainage works – Canarl egulations – Canal outlets – Cana ll ining - Kennady s
and Lacey s Regim et heory
Presentation by Er Vivek Kapadia, FIE showing the application of Geo Synthetics in canals done at Workshop on GeoTextiles in Civil engineering organized by #IEIGSC
Canal & canal types with design of channels by dj sir covered kennedy lacey t...Denish Jangid
Canal its types with design of channels by Denish Jangid sir.
covered kennedy lacey theory IS code method with comparison drawbacks.
design steps by kennedy
design steps by lacey
design of canal types of canal trapezoidal shape. Canal Irrigation. Subject-
Water Resources Engineering By Dr.* Denish Jangid Assistant Professor Civil Engineering Department
Canal Classification based on Financial returns
Canal Classification based on Use
Canal Classification based on Size
Cana Masonry work
alluvial soil
Cross regulator
Head regulator
Silt Control device
Silt ejector
Silt excluder
Factor affecting the Canal Alignment
A contour canal is an artificially-dug navigable canal which closely follows the contour line of the land it traverses in order to avoid costly engineering works such as boring a tunnel through higher ground, building an embankment over lower ground, or constructing a canal lock (or series of locks) to change the level of the canal. Because of this, these canals are characterized by their meandering course.
Step Determine the depth D and bed width B from values of A & P
Cost of construction including cross drainage works should be minimized. .A shorter length of canal ensures less loss of head due to friction and smaller loss of discharge due to seepage and evaporation, so that additional area may be brought under cultivation. A canal may be aligned as a contour canal, a side slope canal or a ridge canal according to the type of terrain and culturable area. A contour canal irrigate areas only on one side of the canal. Where canal crosses valleys, different types of cross drainage works are required. A side slope canal is aligned at 90 degree to the contours of the region. A watershed or ridge canal irrigate areas on both sides. Cross drainage works are eliminated in case of ridge and side slope. Main canal is generally carried on a contour alignment. Branch and distributaries take off from a canal from or near the points where the canal crosses the watershed. All possible alignments should be studied and the best suited alignment should be selected. Number of rinks and acute curves should be minimized. They should be aligned as far as possible in partial cutting partial filling. Deep cutting should be avoided by comparing the overall cost of alternative alignments.
Introduction about Repair & Rehabilitation of Structures
Repair of Structures
Rehabilitation of Structures
Maintenance of Structures
Various Methods of Maintenance
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
4. Balancing Depth
A canal section will be economical when the
earth work involved at a particular section has
an equal amount of cut and fill.
If the amount of cut is equal to the amount of
fill, it has to be paid for one only.
More so, the necessity of a borrow pit or soil
bank is entirely avoided.
For a given cross section there is always only
one depth of cutting for which the cutting and
filling will be equal. The depth is known as
balancing depth.
5. Lined Canal
Lined canal means that canal is made of some
material (such as brick, brick tile or cement
concrete) which can block seepage of water
into soil.
In other words, make canal surface as rigid
boundary.
6. NECESSITY OF CANAL LINING
•To minimize seepage losses in canal
•To increase the discharge in canal section by
increasing the velocity
•To prevent the erosion of bed and sides of canals
•To reduce maintenance of canals
•To protect the command area
•To protect the canal from the damage by flood
7. ADVANTAGES OF CANAL LINING
• Reduces the loss of water due to seepage.
• Increases the duty of water.
• Controls the water logging.
• Provides the smooth surface & hence velocity of flow gets
increased.
• Due to increased velocity, discharge capacity of a canal is also
Increased.
• As a result, evaporation losses will be reduced.
• Eliminates the effect of scouring in the canal bed.
• Decreases the possibility of silting in the canal bed.
• Provides the stable section of the canal.
• Reduces the requirement of land width for the canal.
• Reduces the maintenance cost for the canal.
8. DISADVANTAGES OF CANAL
LINING
• High initial cost
• Difficulty for repairing the damaged section of
lining
• Long time to complete lining work
• Changes in c/s are not easily possible
9. Design Principles of lined canal
1. Geometrical cross section of lined canal should be
economical and at the same time it should be functionally
efficient.
2. For Q ≤ 100 Cumec: Triangular section with sloping sides.
For Q > 100 Cumec [i.e, trapezoidal channel with rounded
bottom corners].
3. Side slope(n or θ) = 1 : 1
Side slope (n or θ)= 1.25:1
4. The side slope is selected in such away that it nearly equals
the angle of response of the soil in the subgrade.
10. Design Principles of lined canal
5. Input data will be Discharge Q, Rugosity coefficient (N)
side slope θ, longitudinal slope S & Maximum
permissible velocity.
6. Output data will be Breadth (B) and Depth (d).
7. From the known values of v, n and s with the help of
Manning’s equation R can be obtained
V=R2/3S1/2/N
11. Design Principles of lined canal
8. Area of cross section A is given by
Q=AV A = Q/V
9. Wetted perimeter is given by
R= A/P P = R/A
10. For triangular channel section with rounded corners
A = d2(θ + cot θ)
P = 2d(θ + cot θ)
d, θ can be obtained
For trapezoidal channel with rounded corners
A = Bd + d2[θ + cot θ]
P = B + 2d[θ+cot θ]