Canal & canal types with design of channels by dj sir covered kennedy lacey t...Denish Jangid
Canal its types with design of channels by Denish Jangid sir.
covered kennedy lacey theory IS code method with comparison drawbacks.
design steps by kennedy
design steps by lacey
design of canal types of canal trapezoidal shape. Canal Irrigation. Subject-
Water Resources Engineering By Dr.* Denish Jangid Assistant Professor Civil Engineering Department
Canal Classification based on Financial returns
Canal Classification based on Use
Canal Classification based on Size
Cana Masonry work
alluvial soil
Cross regulator
Head regulator
Silt Control device
Silt ejector
Silt excluder
Factor affecting the Canal Alignment
A contour canal is an artificially-dug navigable canal which closely follows the contour line of the land it traverses in order to avoid costly engineering works such as boring a tunnel through higher ground, building an embankment over lower ground, or constructing a canal lock (or series of locks) to change the level of the canal. Because of this, these canals are characterized by their meandering course.
Step Determine the depth D and bed width B from values of A & P
Cost of construction including cross drainage works should be minimized. .A shorter length of canal ensures less loss of head due to friction and smaller loss of discharge due to seepage and evaporation, so that additional area may be brought under cultivation. A canal may be aligned as a contour canal, a side slope canal or a ridge canal according to the type of terrain and culturable area. A contour canal irrigate areas only on one side of the canal. Where canal crosses valleys, different types of cross drainage works are required. A side slope canal is aligned at 90 degree to the contours of the region. A watershed or ridge canal irrigate areas on both sides. Cross drainage works are eliminated in case of ridge and side slope. Main canal is generally carried on a contour alignment. Branch and distributaries take off from a canal from or near the points where the canal crosses the watershed. All possible alignments should be studied and the best suited alignment should be selected. Number of rinks and acute curves should be minimized. They should be aligned as far as possible in partial cutting partial filling. Deep cutting should be avoided by comparing the overall cost of alternative alignments.
Canals are classified into different types based on factors which are as follows :
Based on the nature of the supply source
Based on functions
Based on the type of boundary surface soil
Based on the financial output
Based on discharge
Based on canal alignment
Canal fall- necessity and location- types of falls- Cross regulator and
distributory head regulator- their functions, Silt control devices, Canal
escapes- types of escapes.
Canal & canal types with design of channels by dj sir covered kennedy lacey t...Denish Jangid
Canal its types with design of channels by Denish Jangid sir.
covered kennedy lacey theory IS code method with comparison drawbacks.
design steps by kennedy
design steps by lacey
design of canal types of canal trapezoidal shape. Canal Irrigation. Subject-
Water Resources Engineering By Dr.* Denish Jangid Assistant Professor Civil Engineering Department
Canal Classification based on Financial returns
Canal Classification based on Use
Canal Classification based on Size
Cana Masonry work
alluvial soil
Cross regulator
Head regulator
Silt Control device
Silt ejector
Silt excluder
Factor affecting the Canal Alignment
A contour canal is an artificially-dug navigable canal which closely follows the contour line of the land it traverses in order to avoid costly engineering works such as boring a tunnel through higher ground, building an embankment over lower ground, or constructing a canal lock (or series of locks) to change the level of the canal. Because of this, these canals are characterized by their meandering course.
Step Determine the depth D and bed width B from values of A & P
Cost of construction including cross drainage works should be minimized. .A shorter length of canal ensures less loss of head due to friction and smaller loss of discharge due to seepage and evaporation, so that additional area may be brought under cultivation. A canal may be aligned as a contour canal, a side slope canal or a ridge canal according to the type of terrain and culturable area. A contour canal irrigate areas only on one side of the canal. Where canal crosses valleys, different types of cross drainage works are required. A side slope canal is aligned at 90 degree to the contours of the region. A watershed or ridge canal irrigate areas on both sides. Cross drainage works are eliminated in case of ridge and side slope. Main canal is generally carried on a contour alignment. Branch and distributaries take off from a canal from or near the points where the canal crosses the watershed. All possible alignments should be studied and the best suited alignment should be selected. Number of rinks and acute curves should be minimized. They should be aligned as far as possible in partial cutting partial filling. Deep cutting should be avoided by comparing the overall cost of alternative alignments.
Canals are classified into different types based on factors which are as follows :
Based on the nature of the supply source
Based on functions
Based on the type of boundary surface soil
Based on the financial output
Based on discharge
Based on canal alignment
Canal fall- necessity and location- types of falls- Cross regulator and
distributory head regulator- their functions, Silt control devices, Canal
escapes- types of escapes.
This presentation is covered topic of cross drainage work. In which topics necessity of Cross drainage structures, their types and selection,
comparative merits and demerits, design of
various types of cross-drainage structure:aqueducts, siphon aqueduct, super passage
siphon, level crossing and other types covered.
Defination Headworks is a civil engineering term for any structure at the head or diversion point of a waterway. It is smaller than a barrage and is used to divert water from a river into a canal or from a large canal into a smaller canal.
Any hydraulic structure which supplies water to the off taking canal known as headwork. Storage head work is that stores water when it is available and supplies when needed.
Introduction, Term related to reservoir planning (Yield, Reservoir planning and operation curves, Reservoir storage, Reservoir clearance), Investigation for reservoir planning, Significance of mass curve and demand curves, Applications of mass-curve and demand curves, Fixation of reservoir capacity from annual inflow and outflow, Fixation of reservoir capacity.
This presentation is covered topic of cross drainage work. In which topics necessity of Cross drainage structures, their types and selection,
comparative merits and demerits, design of
various types of cross-drainage structure:aqueducts, siphon aqueduct, super passage
siphon, level crossing and other types covered.
Defination Headworks is a civil engineering term for any structure at the head or diversion point of a waterway. It is smaller than a barrage and is used to divert water from a river into a canal or from a large canal into a smaller canal.
Any hydraulic structure which supplies water to the off taking canal known as headwork. Storage head work is that stores water when it is available and supplies when needed.
Introduction, Term related to reservoir planning (Yield, Reservoir planning and operation curves, Reservoir storage, Reservoir clearance), Investigation for reservoir planning, Significance of mass curve and demand curves, Applications of mass-curve and demand curves, Fixation of reservoir capacity from annual inflow and outflow, Fixation of reservoir capacity.
This presentation covered Diversion head work topic. Details topics selection of the suitable site for the
diversion headwork- different parts of
diversion headwork- Causes of failure of
structure on pervious foundation- Khosla’s
theory- Design of concrete sloping glacis weir covered.
unit 4 vsem cross drainage works & srturcture water resource engineering Siph...Denish Jangid
unit 4 vsem cross drainage works & srturcture water resource engineering types of CDW Siphon Aqueduct Determination of Maximum Flood Discharge selection of cross drainage works Fluming of Canal Necessity (Merits) of Cross Drainage Works
A dam is a hydraulic structure of fairly impervious material built across a river to create a reservoir on its upstream side for impounding water for various purposes. A detailed ppt on dams,its types,pros and cons.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
3. Sediment Transport
• Sediments may be defined as fragmented solid particles, which
are transported by fluid.
• Water flowing in a canal always tries to scour its surface.
• Boundary materials, which may be silt, gravel or even larger
material are first detached from the bed or bank and swept
downstream by the flowing water.
• This phenomenon is called, sediment transportation.
4. Sediment Transport
• Study of sediment transport is quite necessary in canal design.
• As it helps in achieving the regime of channel.
• Affects the design carrying capacity of channel.
5. Classification of Sediment Load
1. Suspended Load:
It is carried in the fluid away from the bed.
Being smaller in size and light weight.
Moves with increasing velocities.
2. Bed Load:
It moves on or near the bed.
Due to being heavy and larger size.
Moves forward by rolling and sliding.
Total load = Suspended load + Bed load
6. Channel / River Patterns
• Straight Channel
• Water moves parallel to the channel banks
• Sinuosity varies from 1 – 1.05
• Meandering Channel
• Follow the sinuous path
• Braided Channel
• Channels flows in more than one sub-channels, because the
natural topography does not match the hydraulics conditions of
a river.
7. Sinuosity
• The meander ratio or sinuosity index is the ratio of actual
length along a meandering river (Lm) to the straight distance
S between the end points (AB).
• It is an indication of quantification of meandering.
• For a straight river course this ratio is equal to unity. A ratio
varying from 1 to 1.5 defines the river course as sinuous.
12. Lined / Unlined Canals
There are two types of canals sections
• Unlined channels, most of our main irrigation canals are
unlined/earthen canals which cause seepage and result in losses
and raising in the water table of the adjoining area.
• Lined channels, lined with RC, PCC, Bricks, Stones etc., to
minimize the seepage losses and increase the efficiency of the
system.
13. Lined Canals & its Advantages
• A canal whose prism has been protected with impervious material
mainly to stop seepage through it, is called a lined canal. The
additional investment in providing lining would be justified
economically, if the cost of the lining can be repaid in monetary
benefits during the life of the lining.
14. Contd.
• Although the initial cost of 'construction of a lined canal is much
greater than that of an unlined canal, the advantages of lining are
extremely significant, that construction of a canal with lining
becomes financially viable.
• The various physical benefits expected from the lining of a canal
are given below:
• Lining helps conservation of water
• Lining helps control of water-logging
• Lining increases the discharge carrying capacity of canal
• Lining prevents failure of canals
• Lining reduces project's total cost
• Lining reduces maintenance cost
15. The Earthen Canal Section
• The essential consideration, for design of the components of canal
section are that the canal prism should have adequate capacity
with stable side slopes, wide berms, sufficient free board over the
full supply level, strong banks and spacious service roads.
17. The Earthen Canal Section’s Components
• Side Slopes
• Free Board
• Berms
• Canal Banks and Service Roads
• Spoil Banks
18. Side Slopes
• Side slopes of the canal prism should remain stable under various
operating conditions, i.e. these should be stable when the canal is
empty; when the canal is running full; or when the canal is
abruptly closed or under the rapid draw down condition.
• Moreover, the canal slopes should also remain safe under 'with! or
without earthquake forces. These forces become important in
case of large capacity canals.
19. Free Board
• Free board is the vertical distance maintained between the full
supply level of the canal and the berms.
• The size of the free board depends upon such factors as canal
size, location, water surface fluctuations caused by regulators
along the canal, wind action etc.
20. Free Board
Following Table show the free boards usually provided for canals of various
capacities in Pakistan.
22. Berms
• The berms of a canal are the strips of land left between the edge of the
final silted water canal section and the inner toe of the canal banks.
• They are meant to ensure the safety of banks against any side erosion
due to high velocity currents on the side of a canal.
• Under sudden draw down condition during the operation of a canal the
side slopes may tend to slough in.
• A big slip may endanger the banks and may ultimately result in canal
breach.
• The berms of appropriate width, therefore, afford safety against canal
breaches.
• They also permit future widening of the canal section without shifting of
the canal banks.
23. Berm
• The berm width is usually kept between 2D to 3D, where D is the
designed water depth.
26. Canal Banks and Service Roads
• The banks of the canal should be strong enough to withstand the
pressure of water in the canal.
• The top of banks are usually used for service roads. Service roads
are usually 3 to 8 metres wide and are provided on one side only.
• On important and large capacity canals, service roads are
provided on both sides.
27.
28. Spoil Banks
• The material excavated from the canal prism, if in excess of the
requirement of the banks, should be deposited neatly in what are
called spoil banks.
• The spoil banks should have stable slopes.
• For practical considerations, the side slopes usually range from
1.5 : I to 3 : I and the height of the bank from 5 metres to 10
metres.
