This document presents the methodology and results of calculating the optimum cost of transporting soap boxes from godowns to retailers in a town. The problem is modeled as a transportation problem to minimize costs. Data on distances and transportation costs between godowns and retailers is collected. An initial basic feasible solution is generated and improved upon using Vogel's approximation method and MODI method. The optimal transportation plan is found to have a total cost of Rs. 645, lower than the distributor's current costs, suggesting potential cost savings. Solving the transportation problem optimally can help reduce transportation expenses.
Eu Regulatory & Quality Environment- Abhishek RavalAbhishekRaval16
Contains-
History, Geography, Political Equations, Type of Procedures, DE& ME, All Regulatory Procedures incl. PLCM, Pharmacovigilance, GMP Insights, Control of API, Supply Chain, Various Fees, Discussion on Pro's & Con's Of MAH vs CMO model business.
Aggregate Reporting in PharmacovigilanceClinosolIndia
Pharmacovigilance, the science of monitoring and evaluating the safety of medicines, relies on a robust system of data collection, analysis, and reporting. In this complex landscape, aggregate reporting emerges as a critical component, playing a pivotal role in safeguarding patient well-being and enhancing regulatory compliance.
What is Aggregate Reporting?
Aggregate reporting in pharmacovigilance involves the analysis and compilation of safety data from multiple sources to provide a comprehensive overview of a drug's safety profile. This process goes beyond individual case reports and seeks to identify broader trends and patterns related to adverse events. It allows regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical companies, and healthcare professionals to make informed decisions regarding drug safety.
In this presentation I have mentioned whatever the possible relevant content required for the title.
Citation Is done at the end of slide.
Content is up to date & true to my belief.
Thanks & Best Regards.
Anurag Pandey
B.Pharm (FACULTY OF PHARMACY, INVERTIS UNIVERSITY)
M.Pharm (INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY)
Email :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com
TSE/BSE is a type of disease affected to the animals which may transmit to the humans if any products obtained by the disease caused animal may affect to humans also
The many biologic products are expracted from the animal source so before the extraction the animal should be tested for TSE/BSE organism in their source/Body
Eu Regulatory & Quality Environment- Abhishek RavalAbhishekRaval16
Contains-
History, Geography, Political Equations, Type of Procedures, DE& ME, All Regulatory Procedures incl. PLCM, Pharmacovigilance, GMP Insights, Control of API, Supply Chain, Various Fees, Discussion on Pro's & Con's Of MAH vs CMO model business.
Aggregate Reporting in PharmacovigilanceClinosolIndia
Pharmacovigilance, the science of monitoring and evaluating the safety of medicines, relies on a robust system of data collection, analysis, and reporting. In this complex landscape, aggregate reporting emerges as a critical component, playing a pivotal role in safeguarding patient well-being and enhancing regulatory compliance.
What is Aggregate Reporting?
Aggregate reporting in pharmacovigilance involves the analysis and compilation of safety data from multiple sources to provide a comprehensive overview of a drug's safety profile. This process goes beyond individual case reports and seeks to identify broader trends and patterns related to adverse events. It allows regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical companies, and healthcare professionals to make informed decisions regarding drug safety.
In this presentation I have mentioned whatever the possible relevant content required for the title.
Citation Is done at the end of slide.
Content is up to date & true to my belief.
Thanks & Best Regards.
Anurag Pandey
B.Pharm (FACULTY OF PHARMACY, INVERTIS UNIVERSITY)
M.Pharm (INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY)
Email :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com
TSE/BSE is a type of disease affected to the animals which may transmit to the humans if any products obtained by the disease caused animal may affect to humans also
The many biologic products are expracted from the animal source so before the extraction the animal should be tested for TSE/BSE organism in their source/Body
Pharmaceutical pricing in european countries - Valérie Paris - 22-01-15Carlos Betancur Gálvez
Valery Paris, analista senior de Política Sanitaria, División de Salud, de la Organización de Desarrollo y Cooperación Económica (OCDE), ha destacado en su ponencia la importancia de considerar en la asignación de los precios de los medicamentos “los beneficios más allá del sector de la salud”, en referencia al coste de oportunidad y a otras variables económicas de lo que supone la entrada de un medicamento en un determinado mercado. París también ha señalado la dificultad de establecer una política común de asignación de precios en los diferentes países europeos: “Los países no siempre llegan a un acuerdo, por ejemplo, en el grado de innovación de nuevos productos”.
JAPAN: ORGANISATION OF PMDA, PHARMACEUTICAL LAWS & REGULATIONS, TYPES OF REGI...anjaliyadav012327
In Japan, the pharmaceutical industry operates under strict regulatory oversight by the Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). Established in 2004, PMDA functions within the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW). The regulatory landscape is primarily governed by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Law (PMDL), which outlines the requirements for drug approval, clinical trials, manufacturing, and marketing authorization. Companies seeking to introduce pharmaceutical products into the Japanese market must navigate various types of registration applications, including New Drug Applications (NDA) for new products, Marketing Authorization Holder (MAH) Applications for market entry, and Generic Drug Applications for approval of generic versions of existing drugs. Understanding these regulations and application processes is crucial for companies operating in Japan's pharmaceutical sector.
This is one of the 52 Powerpoints in the HSC Legal Studies Crime Package from HSC Apps. Every presentation also comes with a video version that can be shared with every student in the school (the video for this presentation can be found at http://youtu.be/vn7PN4o0Rh4). For more information about the packages (which also include the Human Rights, Consumers, Family and Shelter topics, as well as Prelim Legal and HSC Business Studies), just send us an email at info@hsclegalstudies.com and we'll get straight back to you.
MOBILE READY HERO IMAGES - delivering a better experience across all devices ...Oliver Bradley
eCommerce Primary Images have been pack shots since the early days. But shoppers have shifted from using desktops and laptops to do their online shopping to wanting to use smaller screens particularly mobile (but also tablets). Shopping off these devices means pack shots deliver a poor user experience #ux because the image size is so small. So we approached the Inclusive Design team at Cambridge University to help solve this for us. This is my summary presentation to the IGD online conference October 2017. We decided to also open source all our work to enable all retailers, all suppliers to benefit. The link to the Cambridge Hero image template is in my LinkedIn articles.
PAREXEL Principal Consultant Angela McGillivary discusses commercial considerations, clinical development, regulatory requirements, submission and post approval strategies in emerging markets
A presentation at "Linked Data in Sweden - Linköping University" showing the benefit of using WHODrug as linked data. Should this work be continued or is there no business value in it?
The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is a government body which was set up in 2003 to bring together the functions of the Medicines Control Agency (MCA) and the Medical Devices Agency (MDA).
The Agency has the power to withdraw a product from the market, and in the case of medicines, to suspend production. The Agency can also prosecute a manufacturer or distributor if the law has been broken. The regulations need to be robust enough to protect the public’s health, and this costs money. The MHRA is funded largely by public monies from government for the regulation of devices, and by fees from the pharmaceutical industry for the regulation of medicines.
The slides explain 21 CFR Part 812. It includes all the guidelines to be followed by any manufacturer and investigator while manufacturing and investigating the safety, efficacy of the medical device.
Cold Storage Warehouse Best Practices: Warehouse Layout OptimizationAngela Carver
Cold storage warehouse facilities, just like other warehouses and distribution centers, struggle to make the most of their labor resources. One way warehouse operators in the refrigerated environment are addressing these concerns are by focusing on warehouse layout optimization. When facilities are laid out inefficiently or improperly marked many labor hours can be wasted on travel time. Taking the time to address warehouse layout design can help your warehousing operation to achieve maximum space utilization and process improvement. The first stage of warehouse layout optimization is the designation of functional zones. This is done using analytics on past activity and estimates on future needs. These reports will help your team to identify the proper size and location of each zone. This information should be accessible from your warehouse management system where inventory and activity data is recorded. The top 4 functional warehouse zones identified using forecasting and projections are storage, yard/dock, picking and VAS/kitting zones. To identify the proper size of the storage area evaluate key factors such as project inventory levels, temperature requirements, product dimensions, fulfillment rules, flow through rates and more. All of these factors will play a part in determining proper storage layout. Data must also be collected to determine yard and dock door requirements. Too little staging space and dock doors can create a significant bottle neck, slowing down warehouse productivity. When determining picking and shipping size and location identifying your picking strategy will help to make these decisions. Consider the space requirements needed for all types and which will work best for your available resources. If your refrigerated warehousing operation provides any variety of value added services such as kitting space and layout must also be considered for this. Determine what areas require their own designated space and which can operate in shared space. Planning this space effectively will promote faster inventory flow through rates. Leaders in the refrigerated and frozen supply chain are constantly evaluating these factors to ensure their space utilization provides growth opportunities. Do not let an inefficient warehouse layout stop your business from growing. Learn more about this cold storage warehouse best practice in this brief SlideShare.
How do i calculate in movement of goods from one place to another (Domestic l...Independent
Its concerned with operations and movement of small consignments, which is the major issue faced by majority of employees across... This short slide can give an outline on the subject matter.
Pharmaceutical pricing in european countries - Valérie Paris - 22-01-15Carlos Betancur Gálvez
Valery Paris, analista senior de Política Sanitaria, División de Salud, de la Organización de Desarrollo y Cooperación Económica (OCDE), ha destacado en su ponencia la importancia de considerar en la asignación de los precios de los medicamentos “los beneficios más allá del sector de la salud”, en referencia al coste de oportunidad y a otras variables económicas de lo que supone la entrada de un medicamento en un determinado mercado. París también ha señalado la dificultad de establecer una política común de asignación de precios en los diferentes países europeos: “Los países no siempre llegan a un acuerdo, por ejemplo, en el grado de innovación de nuevos productos”.
JAPAN: ORGANISATION OF PMDA, PHARMACEUTICAL LAWS & REGULATIONS, TYPES OF REGI...anjaliyadav012327
In Japan, the pharmaceutical industry operates under strict regulatory oversight by the Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). Established in 2004, PMDA functions within the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW). The regulatory landscape is primarily governed by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Law (PMDL), which outlines the requirements for drug approval, clinical trials, manufacturing, and marketing authorization. Companies seeking to introduce pharmaceutical products into the Japanese market must navigate various types of registration applications, including New Drug Applications (NDA) for new products, Marketing Authorization Holder (MAH) Applications for market entry, and Generic Drug Applications for approval of generic versions of existing drugs. Understanding these regulations and application processes is crucial for companies operating in Japan's pharmaceutical sector.
This is one of the 52 Powerpoints in the HSC Legal Studies Crime Package from HSC Apps. Every presentation also comes with a video version that can be shared with every student in the school (the video for this presentation can be found at http://youtu.be/vn7PN4o0Rh4). For more information about the packages (which also include the Human Rights, Consumers, Family and Shelter topics, as well as Prelim Legal and HSC Business Studies), just send us an email at info@hsclegalstudies.com and we'll get straight back to you.
MOBILE READY HERO IMAGES - delivering a better experience across all devices ...Oliver Bradley
eCommerce Primary Images have been pack shots since the early days. But shoppers have shifted from using desktops and laptops to do their online shopping to wanting to use smaller screens particularly mobile (but also tablets). Shopping off these devices means pack shots deliver a poor user experience #ux because the image size is so small. So we approached the Inclusive Design team at Cambridge University to help solve this for us. This is my summary presentation to the IGD online conference October 2017. We decided to also open source all our work to enable all retailers, all suppliers to benefit. The link to the Cambridge Hero image template is in my LinkedIn articles.
PAREXEL Principal Consultant Angela McGillivary discusses commercial considerations, clinical development, regulatory requirements, submission and post approval strategies in emerging markets
A presentation at "Linked Data in Sweden - Linköping University" showing the benefit of using WHODrug as linked data. Should this work be continued or is there no business value in it?
The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is a government body which was set up in 2003 to bring together the functions of the Medicines Control Agency (MCA) and the Medical Devices Agency (MDA).
The Agency has the power to withdraw a product from the market, and in the case of medicines, to suspend production. The Agency can also prosecute a manufacturer or distributor if the law has been broken. The regulations need to be robust enough to protect the public’s health, and this costs money. The MHRA is funded largely by public monies from government for the regulation of devices, and by fees from the pharmaceutical industry for the regulation of medicines.
The slides explain 21 CFR Part 812. It includes all the guidelines to be followed by any manufacturer and investigator while manufacturing and investigating the safety, efficacy of the medical device.
Cold Storage Warehouse Best Practices: Warehouse Layout OptimizationAngela Carver
Cold storage warehouse facilities, just like other warehouses and distribution centers, struggle to make the most of their labor resources. One way warehouse operators in the refrigerated environment are addressing these concerns are by focusing on warehouse layout optimization. When facilities are laid out inefficiently or improperly marked many labor hours can be wasted on travel time. Taking the time to address warehouse layout design can help your warehousing operation to achieve maximum space utilization and process improvement. The first stage of warehouse layout optimization is the designation of functional zones. This is done using analytics on past activity and estimates on future needs. These reports will help your team to identify the proper size and location of each zone. This information should be accessible from your warehouse management system where inventory and activity data is recorded. The top 4 functional warehouse zones identified using forecasting and projections are storage, yard/dock, picking and VAS/kitting zones. To identify the proper size of the storage area evaluate key factors such as project inventory levels, temperature requirements, product dimensions, fulfillment rules, flow through rates and more. All of these factors will play a part in determining proper storage layout. Data must also be collected to determine yard and dock door requirements. Too little staging space and dock doors can create a significant bottle neck, slowing down warehouse productivity. When determining picking and shipping size and location identifying your picking strategy will help to make these decisions. Consider the space requirements needed for all types and which will work best for your available resources. If your refrigerated warehousing operation provides any variety of value added services such as kitting space and layout must also be considered for this. Determine what areas require their own designated space and which can operate in shared space. Planning this space effectively will promote faster inventory flow through rates. Leaders in the refrigerated and frozen supply chain are constantly evaluating these factors to ensure their space utilization provides growth opportunities. Do not let an inefficient warehouse layout stop your business from growing. Learn more about this cold storage warehouse best practice in this brief SlideShare.
How do i calculate in movement of goods from one place to another (Domestic l...Independent
Its concerned with operations and movement of small consignments, which is the major issue faced by majority of employees across... This short slide can give an outline on the subject matter.
All businesses have weaknesses as well as strengths. If you want to sustain and grow your business, it’s vital to address these issues before they threaten your chances of long-term success. A business health check or business vitality check can be a key part of that process.
A Business Health Check highlighting areas of potential weaknesses and pointing you in the direction of relevant help and support
Humans are 99% similar to each other; but it is the 1% that is the cause of concern. This relatively small difference actually how a drug will effect our body. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs. In order to prevent any unwanted reactions it has become necessary to consider one's genome while prescribing medicine. Thus pharmacogenomics is the starting point of personalized medicine.
Automating Inventory Management. Manage your inventory efficiently!Soft4
Inventory management can be challenging task, but with the right tools it can be very efficient and let to avoid overstock or understock. Manage your inventory efficiently!
Brief summary of Classification of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms.You can take reference from here for topic comes under it and study in detail about these topics from net or books.
Introduction
Global Inventory Management Strategy
Development of strategy
Inventory stock maintenance- Regular, Safety and Anticipatory stock
Customer fulfillment
Role of warehousing
Efficiency
Resilience
Agile/Adaptability
Quality control
Supply chain Best practices
Supply chain challenges
YIELD Marketing Control Center MCC is an intelligent web-based solution for consumer marketers to easily create, manage and track all of your mobile, online and social marketing campaigns on a single platform…giving you a 360 degree view of your customers thus deepening your one-to-one customer relationships
On The Use of Transportation Techniques to Determine the Cost of Transporting...IOSR Journals
This paper aims at identifying an effective and appropriate method of calculating the cost of transporting goods from several supply centers to several demand centers out of many available methods. Transportation algorithms of North-West corner method (NWCM), Least Cost Method (LCM), Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM) and Optimality Test were carried out to estimate the cost of transporting produced newspaper from production center to ware-houses using Statistical software called TORA. The results revealed that: NWCM = 36,689,050.00, LCM = 55,250,034.00, VAM = 29,097,700.00 and Optimal solution = 19,566,332.00. It was discovered that Vogel’s Approximation method gives the transportation cost that closer to optimal solution. Also, the study revealed that a production center should be created at northern part of Nigeria to replace the dummy supply center used in the analysis, so as to make production capacity equal to requirement.
Optimal Allocation Policy for Fleet ManagementYogeshIJTSRD
The transportation problem is one of the biggest problem that face the fleet management, whereas the main objectives for the fleet management is reducing the operations cost besides improving the fleet efficiency. Therefore, this paper presents an application for a transportation technique on a company to distribute its products over a wide country by using its fleet. All the necessary data are collected from the company, analyzed and reformulated to become a suitable form to apply a transportation model to solve it. The results show that using this technique can be considered as powerful tool to improve the operation management for any fleet. Mohamed Khalil | Ibrahim Ahmed | Khaled Abdelwahed | Rania Ahmed | Elsayed Ellaimony "Optimal Allocation Policy for Fleet Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38673.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/operations-management/38673/optimal-allocation-policy-for-fleet-management/mohamed-khalil
Transportation is defined as the movement of passengers and freight from one place to another. Passenger is an important part of the overall development problem of the nation and it affects mostly all the aspects of mobility. The Transportation problem is one of the sub classes of LPP in which the objective is to transport various amount of a single homogeneous commodity, that are initially stored at various origins, to different destinations in such a way that the total transportation cost is minimum. Although the name of the problem is derived from transport to which it was first applied, the problem can also be used for machine allocation, plant location, product mix problem, and many others, so that the problem is not confined to transportation or distribution only. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a very powerful service management and benchmarking technique originally developed by Charnes et al (1) to evaluate nonprofit and public sector organizations. Linear programming problem (LPP) is the underlying methodology that makes DEA particularly powerful compared with alternative productivity management tools. A Transportation Problem can be solved very easily by different methods (NWC RULE, LCM & VAM) by recognizing and formulating into LPP. The IBFS obtained in Transportation Algorithm can be tested also by MODIFIED DISTRIBUTION METHOD. After studying this paper, we will be able to achieve the following objectives of Transportation System - a major problem of the metropolitan cities. 1- Recognize and formulate the transportation problem as a linear programming problem. 2- Build a transportation table and describe its components. 3- Find an initial basic feasible solution of the transportation problem by using various methods. 4- Know in detail all the steps involved in solving a transportation problem by MODI problem. 5- Solve the unbalanced transportation problems by MODI method. 6- Identify the special situation in transportation problems; such as degeneracy and alternative optimal solution. 7- Resolve the special cases in transportation problems, where the objective may be of maximization or some transportation route may be prohibited.
Multi-Objective Forest Vehicle Routing Using Savings-Insertion and Reactive T...IJERA Editor
This paper focuses on how the competitiveness of forestry companies in Canada is impacted by forest products distribution and transportation costs, especially in the context of exports. We propose a new two steps approach, consisting in building a good initial solution and then improving it to solve multi-objective forest vehicle routing problem. The main objective of this paper is to solve a multi-objective forest vehicle routing problem using the Savings-insertion, followed by the Reactive tabu, with a variable threshold. To that end, first, a mathematical model is established; secondly, our new Savings-insertion builds a good initial solution, and thirdly, our new Reactive tabu with a variable threshold improves the initial solution. The three main objectives are the minimization of number of routes, the minimization of total distance and the minimization of total time by respecting the specified time window and the demand of all customers, which are sometimes important in this field. Finally, the experimental results obtained with our methodology for the named vehicle routing problem are provided and discussed
Formulation of a Combined Transportation and Inventory Optimization Model wit...IJERA Editor
Most distribution network design models existing in the literature have focused on minimizing the costs of
inventory and transportation. During the analysis of supply chain of currency management problem it is
observed that the transportation of currency from various sources to various destinations and the required
inventory to be maintained to meet the emerging demands requires formulation of a combined problem. This
framework aims to support the coordination of inventory and transportation activities to properly manage the
inventory profiles and currency flows between source locations and distribution centers. This paper considers a
multi-period inventory and transportation model for a single commodity. The key contribution of this paper is, a
mathematical programming formulation of transportation cum inventory problem is proposed and an algorithm
for this new formulation as a multi period decision process is intended. A numerical example of currency
transportation cum inventory is presented to illustrate the proposed algorithm.
Robust Counterpart Open Capacitated Vehicle Routing (RC-OCVRP) Model in Opti...IJECEIAES
In this paper, the Robust Counterpart Open Capacitation Vehicle Rounting Problem (RC-OCVRP) Model has been established to optimize waste transport in districts Sako and districts Sukarami, Palembang City. This model is completed with the aid of LINGO 13.0 by using Branch and Bound solver to get the optimum route. For Sako districs, the routes are as follows: working area 1 is TPS 1-TPS 2-TPS 3-TPA with distance 53.39 km, working area 2 is TPS 1-TPS 2-TPS 3-TPA with distance 48.14 km, working area 3 is TPS 1-TPA with a distance of 22.98 km, and working area 4 is TPS 1-TPS 2TPS 3-TPS 4-TPA with 45.45 km distance, and obtained the optimum route in Sukarami districts is as follows: working area 1 is TPS 1-TPS 2-TPA 44.39 km, working area 2 is TPS 1-TPS 2-TPS 3-TPA with distance 49.32 km, working area 3 is TPS 1-TPS 3-TPA-TPS 2-TPA with distance 58.57 km, and working area 4 is TPS 1-TPA with a distance of 24.07 km, working area 5 is TPS 1-TPS 3-TPA-TPS 2-TPS 4-TPA with a distance of 77.66 km, and working area 6 is a TPS 1-TPS 2-TPS 3-TPA with a distante 44.94 km.
HYBRID ANT COLONY ALGORITHM FOR THE MULTI-DEPOT PERIODIC OPEN CAPACITATED ARC...gerogepatton
In this paper we present a hybrid technique that applies an ant colony optimization algorithm followed by simulated annealing local search approach to solving the Multi-Depot Periodic Open Capacitated Arc Routing Problem (MDPOCARP). This problem is a new variant of OCARP that has never been studied in the literature and consists of determining optimal routes in each period where each route starts from a given depot, visits a list of required edges and finishes by the last one. The final edge of the route is not required to be a depot. We developed a constructive heuristic, called Nearest Insertion Heuristic (NIH) to build an initial solution. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on three different benchmarks sets and numerical results show that the proposed approach achieves highly efficient results.
HYBRID ANT COLONY ALGORITHM FOR THE MULTI-DEPOT PERIODIC OPEN CAPACITATED ARC...ijaia
In this paper we present a hybrid technique that applies an ant colony optimization algorithm followed by simulated annealing local search approach to solving the Multi-Depot Periodic Open Capacitated Arc Routing Problem (MDPOCARP). This problem is a new variant of OCARP that has never been studied in the literature and consists of determining optimal routes in each period where each route starts from a given depot, visits a list of required edges and finishes by the last one. The final edge of the route is not required to be a depot. We developed a constructive heuristic, called Nearest Insertion Heuristic (NIH) to build an initial solution. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on three different benchmarks sets and numerical results show that the proposed approach achieves highly efficient results.
Vehicle route scheduling and transportation cost minimization in a latex indu...IJRES Journal
The vehicle route scheduling problem is concerned with the determination of routes and schedules for a fleet of vehicles to satisfy the demands of a set of customers. The goal of vehicle routing is to schedule multiple suppliers from various places. Vehicle routing has existed since the advent of the Industrial age, when large-scale production became possible. As the complexity and scale of the manufacturing world increased, the task of optimizing vehicle routing grew. The vehicle routing problem is a combinatorial optimization and integer programming problem seeking to service a number of customers with a fleet of vehicles. Often the context is that of delivering goods located at a central depot to customers who have placed orders for such goods or vice-versa. Implicit is the goal of minimizing the cost of distributing the goods. Many methods have been developed for searching for good solutions to the problem, however even for the smallest problems, finding global minimum for the cost function is computationally complex. The paper presents an optimization algorithm using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the vehicle routing that would enable the logistic manager of a latex industry to minimize the transportation cost and maximize the collection using minimum number of vehicles.
A New Method to Solving Generalized Fuzzy Transportation Problem-Harmonic Mea...AI Publications
Transportation Problem is one of the models in the Linear Programming problem. The objective of this paper is to transport the item from the origin to the destination such that the transport cost should be minimized, and we should minimize the time of transportation. To achieve this, a new approach using harmonic mean method is proposed in this paper. In this proposed method transportation costs are represented by generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Further comparative studies of the new technique with other existing algorithms are established by means of sample problems.
HOPX Crossover Operator for the Fixed Charge Logistic Model with Priority Bas...IJECEIAES
In this paper, we are interested to an important Logistic problem modelised us optimization problem. It is the fixed charge transportation problem (FCTP) where the aim is to find the optimal solution which minimizes the objective function containig two costs, variable costs proportional to the amount shipped and fixed cost regardless of the quantity transported. To solve this kind of problem, metaheuristics and evolutionary methods should be applied. Genetic algorithms (GAs) seem to be one of such hopeful approaches which is based both on probability operators (Crossover and mutation) responsible for widen the solution space. The different characteristics of those operators influence on the performance and the quality of the genetic algorithm. In order to improve the performance of the GA to solve the FCTP, we propose a new adapted crossover operator called HOPX with the priority-based encoding by hybridizing the characteristics of the two most performent operators, the Order Crossover (OX) and Positionbased crossover (PX). Numerical results are presented and discussed for several instances showing the performance of the developed approach to obtain optimal solution in reduced time in comparison to GAs with other crossover operators.
Similar to Calculation of optimum cost of transportation of goods from godowns to different retailers of a town (20)
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
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Calculation of optimum cost of transportation of goods from godowns to different retailers of a town
1. CALCULATION OF OPTIMUM COST OF TRANSPORTATION
OF GOODS FROM GODOWNS TO DIFFERENT RETAILERS
OF A TOWN
A report submitted in partial fulfillment of
Requirement for the course
of
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
By
BOLISETTI SIVA PRADEEP
09BEM080
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND BUILDING SCIENCES
Vellore – 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
APRIL 2012
1
2. CONTENTS
Chapter No.
CHAPTER
Title
1
INTRODUCTION
Page No.
4
1.1 General introduction
1.2
Introduction to the case study
CHAPTER
2
LITERATURE REVIEW
5
CHAPTER
3
METHODOLOGY
6
3.1
Problem procedure
4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1
Results and its significance
5
CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
11
12
REFERENCES
13
2
3. ABSTRACT
Transportation problem is used in many fields of business in the past and also these days,
as it is an efficient tool to optimize the transportation costs of the produced goods, which forms
one of the expenses to be considered the most. In this report, it is used to determine the optimum
cost of transportation of goods in a town to the different retailers of the town.
3
4. I.INTRODUCTION
1.1
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Transportation problem aims at minimizing the cost of transportation of similar goods from
different origins to different destinations.
In today’s highly competitive market, the pressure on organizations to find better ways to
create and deliver value to customers becomes stronger. How and when to send the products to
the customers in the quantities, that too in a cost-effective manner, has become more
challenging. Transportation models provide a powerful framework to meet this challenge. They
ensure the efficient movement and timely availability of raw materials and finished goods.
1.2 INTRODUCTION TO THE CASE STUDY
As a part of this case study, optimum cost of transportation of goods is found, for
transporting boxes of soaps by a distributor to different retailers of a town. Different datas are
collected such as the distance of individual retailer from different godown and the cost of
transportation for each kilometer is considered.
Wipro has various products under its brand name and among all the products, santoor
soaps are the most famous/most selling ones. The firm which supplies it in the city has 3
different godowns at different parts of the town and the boxes of soaps in different number are
stored at these paces according to the capacity of each one.
The town has nearly 30 retailers and considering all, will make the problem lengthy. For
this purpose, 4 main retailers (the orders given by them) are considered.
4
5. II. LITERATURE REVIEW
In the literature, many papers of transportation problem come with new and modified
ideas to improve the cost efficiency of transportation.
Shiang Tai liu et al in the year 2005 came up withFuzzy total transportation cost
measures for fuzzy solid transportation problem.
A fuzzy number is an extension of a regular number in the sense that it does not refer to
one single value but rather to a connected set of possible values, where each possible value has
its own weight between 0 and 1. This weight is called the membership function. Fuzzy numbers
are extensions of real numbers. In this paper they developed a method that is able to derive the
fuzzy objective value of the fuzzy solid transportation problem when the cost coefficients, the
supply and demand quantities and conveyance capacities are fuzzy numbers.
Junb Bok Jo et al in the year 2007 published on non-linear fixed charge transportation
problem by spanning tree based genetic algorithm for non-linear fixed charge transportation
problem.
R.R.K Sharma and Saumya Prasad et al in a certain paper gave a heuristic that obtains
a very good starting solution for the primal transportation problem and this was expected to
enhance the performance of network simplex algorithm that obtains the optimal solution.
Yinzhen Li et al in the year 1998 ha published a study on improved genetic algorithm for
solving multi-objective solid transportation problem with fuzzy numbers. In this paper they have
presented improved genetic algorithm for solving fuzzy multi ojective solid transportation
problem in which the co-efficients of objective function are represented as fuzzy numbers.
Krzysztof Kowalski et al in the year 2007 published their study on Step Fixed Charge
Transportation problem (SFCTP) which is a variation of FCTP where the fixed cost is in the
form of a step function dependent on the load in a given route. They discussed the theory of
SFCTP and presented a computationally simple heuristic algorithm for solving small SFCTP’s.
In the year 2010, Amarpreethkaur et al of Patiala university have published a paper, in
which a new algorithm is proposed for solving a special type of fuzzy transportation problems by
assuming that a decision maker is uncertain about the precise values of transportation cost only
but there is no uncertainty about the supply and demand of the product. In the proposed
algorithmtransportation costs are represented by generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.
Zhi-chunin the year 2010 have worked on the intermodal equilibrium, road toll pricing,
and bus system design issues in a congested highway corridor with two alternative modes – auto
and bus – which share the same roadway along this corridor.
Amarpreethkaur in the year 2010 proposed another paper on solving fuzzy
transportation problem using ranking function.
Preetwanisingh and P.K.Saxena in the year 1997 have published their work on multiple
objective transportation problem with additional restrictions.
Maria.J.Alves et al in the year 2003 published a paper on Interactive decision support. In
this paper they presented a linear programming solution method called TRIMAP, that is
dedicated in solving three-objective transportation problems.
Mitsuo gen in the year 1999 proposed a paper on spanning tree based genetic algorithm
for Bacteria transportation problem. This transportation problem has a special data structure
solution.
5
6. Veena adhlaka in the year 2004 worked on ‘more-for-less algorithm on fixed
transportation problem. The more-for-less (MFL) phenomenon in distribution problems occurs
when it is possible to ship more total goods for less (or equal) total cost, while shipping the same
quantity or more from each origin and to each destination.In this paper, they developed a simple
heuristic algorithm to identify the demand destinations and the supply points to ship MFL in
FCTPs. The proposed method builds upon any existing basic feasible solution. It is easy to
implement and can serve as an effective tool for managers for solving the more-for-less paradox
for large distribution problems.
III. METHODOLOGY
For a simple transportation problem, the availability must be equal to the requirement.
Therefore an assumption is made stating that the total order given by 4 retailers will be equal to
the total stock present. The actual stock that is noted to be available while collecting the data is
scaled down to be equal to the order.
For example, if the total order given by the four retailers under consideration is 125 boxes
of soaps, and the actual stock present at the godowns is noted to be 100 in the first, 100 in the
second and 50 in the third godown, it is assumed to be 50, 50 and 25 respectively.
The distance of each retailer from each individual godown is estimated, and the cost is
calculated based on the distance.
3.1 DATA COLLECTED:
(i)
DISTANCES
G1 to R1 4 Kms
G1 to R2 0.75 Kms
G1 to R3 2.5 Kms
G1 to R4 4.5 Kms
G2 to R1 2 Kms
G2 to R2 0.5 Kms
G2 to R3 4 Kms
G2 to R43.25 Kms
Gi number of the godown
Ri number of the retailer
6
G3 to R1 1 Kms
G3 to R22.75 Kms
G3 to R3 2 Kms
G3 to R4 5 Kms
7. (ii)
COSTS
G1 to R1 16Rs
G1 to R2 3 Rs
G1 to R3 10 Rs
G1 to R4 18 Rs
G2 to R1 8 Rs
G2 to R2 2 Rs
G2 to R3 16 Rs
G2 to R413 Rs
G3 to R1 4 Rs
G3 to R2 11 Rs
G3 to R3 8 Rs
G3 to R4 20 Rs
3.2PROBLEM PROCEDURE:
STEP I:
Table 3.1
16
3
10
18
25(7)
8
2
16
13
35(6)
4
11
8
20
20(4)
15(4)
20(1) 15(2) 30(5)
7
8. STEP II :
The initial solution is iterated for an IBFS using VOGAL’S approximation method. It is
followed by following sequence of steps:
Table3.2
16
3(20)
10
18
25(7)
8
2
16
13
35(6)
4
11
8
20
20(4)
15(2)
30(5)
15(4) 20(1)
Table 3.3
16
10
(5) 18
5 (6)
8
16
13
35 (5)
4
8
20
20 (4)
15 (4)
15 (2)
30 (5)
60/60
8
10. 8
(5)
13
(30)
35
5
30
35/35
Table 3.6
The initial basic feasible solution is found to be:
Table 3.7
16
3
(20)
10
8
(5)
2
16
4
(10)
11
8
20
(5)
15
15
18
25
13 (30) 35
(10)
20
20
30
STEP III :
This IBFS is solved using MODI method, and the solution is calculated.
10
11. IV. RESULTS
The total transportation cost is estimated as:
(3*15) + (10*10) + (5*2) + (30*13) + (4*5) + (5*8) = Rs.645.
DISCUSSION:
The cost estimated is well behind the cost which is being incurred during the regular
process followed by the distributor. If this way of transportation is followed, greater profits can
be made.
11
12. V. CONCLUSION
Thus, in this case study optimal cost of transportation is found. Though some assumptions are
made while solving the problem, it does not affect the final value much. The transportation problem can
thus be used in minimizing the cost of transportation in both small scale workplaces, as discussed through
the case study and also large work places like transport of finished manufactured goods from the factories
to different places, and transport of goods which are unloaded in huge quantities in ships, which come
from other countries. It is made evident that an operations research technique when used, can save money,
man-power, and time.
12