This document describes applying the critical path method (CPM) network scheduling technique to plan, schedule, and control the activities involved in a team designing and fabricating a Formula Student race car. It identifies 13 key activities from setting up the team to testing the completed car. A precedence network is drawn and analyzed using CPM to determine the critical path consisting of 10 activities requiring 207 total days. This is less than the 330 days taken previously, suggesting critical activities were delayed. Identifying the critical path allows better monitoring and control of the project.
The project was carried out keeping in mind the daily processes related to glassware industry (LA OPALA pvt ltd.) production. The analysis was carried out by Network Scheduling using CPM (Critical Path method). This project enabled me to apply the theoretical studies in practical application. It helped me to get an complete overview of modern day scenario and how the problems are tackled and the solutions are brought into application
The project was carried out keeping in mind the daily processes related to glassware industry (LA OPALA pvt ltd.) production. The analysis was carried out by Network Scheduling using CPM (Critical Path method). This project enabled me to apply the theoretical studies in practical application. It helped me to get an complete overview of modern day scenario and how the problems are tackled and the solutions are brought into application
Delay Analysis in EPC Projects using Ishikawa DiagramIJAEMSJORNAL
Delay is one of the major issues in EPC projects in Oman. Project managers are not considering the root causes of delay while taking preventive measures. This project aims to identify the most common types of delay in EPC projects, to find out the root causes of delay by using Ishikawa diagram and further to prepare acceleration plan for a running project by using schedule compression techniques. The objectives of this project are: (a ) to identify root causes of various delays commonly affecting the EPC projects in Oman by using Ishikawa diagram. (b) to identify critical delay cause factors for a running project by conducting questionnaire survey. (c) to prepare acceleration plan for the project by using schedule compression techniques. To achieve this study: all the information was collected, schedules were compared to calculate the delay in each activity, questionnaire survey was conducted to study the impact of various factors causing delay and the root causes by using Ishikawa diagram and finally prepared an acceleration plan by using schedule compression techniques . The results found are: time and cost constraints are the biggest obstacle causing delay in EPC projects. The study identified the importance of analyzing the root causes before taking any particular preventive measures.
Delay Analysis in EPC Projects using Ishikawa DiagramIJAEMSJORNAL
Delay is one of the major issues in EPC projects in Oman. Project managers are not considering the root causes of delay while taking preventive measures. This project aims to identify the most common types of delay in EPC projects, to find out the root causes of delay by using Ishikawa diagram and further to prepare acceleration plan for a running project by using schedule compression techniques. The objectives of this project are: (a ) to identify root causes of various delays commonly affecting the EPC projects in Oman by using Ishikawa diagram. (b) to identify critical delay cause factors for a running project by conducting questionnaire survey. (c) to prepare acceleration plan for the project by using schedule compression techniques. To achieve this study: all the information was collected, schedules were compared to calculate the delay in each activity, questionnaire survey was conducted to study the impact of various factors causing delay and the root causes by using Ishikawa diagram and finally prepared an acceleration plan by using schedule compression techniques . The results found are: time and cost constraints are the biggest obstacle causing delay in EPC projects. The study identified the importance of analyzing the root causes before taking any particular preventive measures.
Planning is a guideline in implementing the project so that development can be
implemented in accordance with the time and cost planned. Control discrepancy
between initial plan and realization that exists in implementation project required a
project management, therefore required optimization analysis of project duration, so
it can be known how long a project is completed and look for the possibility of project
acceleration implementation by Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
and Critical Path Method (CPM) or critical path method. This research aims to apply
Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Project Management
(CPM) methods to find optimize solutions and control the performance of time and
cost in project scheduling. The research method used case study method at hospital
project in Bogor District, Indonesia, by collecting data direct observation and
interview results at contractor. Based on these data, create a schedule by using PERT
and CPM methods, which will be measured performance of time performance and
project cost which is expected to overcome the problem of controlling and completion
of project. The results of this study, using PERT and CPM methods proved to optimize
the project. Based on calculation by PERT method reduce duration of work: 12 days
(13, 18%). Based on calculation by CPM method reduce duration of work: 31 days
(34, 06%) but direct cost increase 112.208,300, - rupiahs (0, 25%).
A Study on Project Planning Using the Deterministic and Probabilistic Models ...IJERA Editor
Project planning is the important task in many areas like construction, resource allocation and many. A sequence of activities has to be performed to complete one task. Each activity has its unique processing time and all together to identify the critical activities which affect the completion of the project. In this paper the probabilistic and deterministic models to determine the project completion time and also the critical activities are considered. A case study on building construction project has been performed to demonstrate the application of the above said models. The two project scheduling namely PERT and CPM are used to determine numerically the different types of floating times of each activity and hence determined the critical path which plays an important role in the project completion time. Also a linear programing model has been developed to reduce the project completion time which optimize the resource allocation. To apply these techniques numerically the primary data from a housing project company in a metropolitan city has been taken, the network diagram of the activities involved in the building construction project has been drawn and the results are tabulated
According to the scientific developments in all sectors around the world, there is
needs of using the technique of operation research and its implementation that help
the manufacturers to draw their work policy and making future planning to achieve
their goals. However, the complexity of industrial projects comprise a lot of activities,
which needs to be controlled and scheduled in scientific ways, in according with the
availabilities of equipment’s and efforts of manufacturer. This research goal is to
reduce the completion time and cost of constructing a yacht by using critical bath
method and pert techniques. Results showed that the efficiency of using scientific
critical path method and pert reduce the time of yacht construction. Also, the
receiving and distribution of raw materials leads to minimize the completion job.
Therefore, making training programs to the manufacturer employees to process the
job in perfect performance
The Automation of Critical Path Method using Machine Learning: A Conceptual S...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This research aims to shed light on the use of machine learning in improving, developing and automating the critical path method, solving its problems, studying this effect and its dimensions, and discussing that from many aspects.
The research is divided into two theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is concerned with studying the critical path method and its advantages, problems and challenges, as well as studying machine learning and artificial intelligence and its dimensions, reviewing materials and sources related to this, and then presenting suggestions and future solutions based on this study. As for the practical section, it is a questionnaire that targeted a segment of engineers, in particular, and others who have sufficient experience in both the critical path method and machine learning, and seeking their opinions on both topics.
The result of the theoretical research was 14 theories or proposals that were presented based on the foregoing study. As for the practical questionnaire, a sample of 127 was taken. Through statistical analysis, the results were analyzed and discussed separately, and then a conclusion was drawn regarding them.
Activity schedule and affective control of component based projecteSAT Journals
Abstract Abstract The overall performance of any organizations depends on the way the project is managed and scheduled. The successful implementation of one or two big or complex project does not indicate that this organization will perform In the same way in future. Component based implementation of software development projects in the automotive industry have to face the rapid strategies for the use of the latest technologies that would provide the success of this type of projects, namely the frequency of change requirements during the life cycle. The cost and time for software testing was analyzed and to avoid delays in the project and more to cope with disturbances caused by changing requirements in the each phase of the project life cycle. Using of Component Based Software Engineering(CBSE) in software company, the implementation of any software project has become easy but the integration of available component or their use is the not only skill of project manager but the delivery of project in time is a required.. The project manager ensure the success of their project as a competitive advantage and establish such a system which will work with limited resources and available time. The project management tools and techniques i.e. Critical Path Methods(CPM) or Program Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT) are used in reality as the most valuable and are planned to be used in the component based software testing system. This research result point out that there is a huge difference between planned and unplanned testing project. It also shows that the time of testing can be reduced with increase of cost of failure as a result the company may decide the benefit from that project. Analysis of the results allows to determine dependencies between level of company’s maturity level in project management, used project management tools and techniques, and values gained by the company from project management time to time with measured risk factor. Key Words: K Component Base Software Engineering(CBSE), CPM, PERT, Project life cycle, planned or unplanned project
AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK-BASED APPROACH COUPLED WITH TAGUCHI'S METHOD FOR...IAEME Publication
Nowadays, project duration prediction has become of crucial importance for managers since it points out the expectancy-life of project realization. To this end, the Neural Network-based approach coupled with the Taguchi method is used to predict the necessary time, which allows the fulfillment of the targeted project within the prescribed span without delay. Accordingly, the whole process for modeling the targeted problem is described, in which the modeling and simulation of the activities network are introduced for calculating the total average time of project. Then, the neural network approach is adopted to predict the total time for finishing the considered project within the deadlines, where the neural network’s input variables are composed of success probability, improvement and learning factors. While, the output variable is the total average project duration, which is the critical data during design phase. After that, the well-known Taguchi method is purposefully used to optimize the already obtained target by neural network. Finally, Simulation analysis through MATLAB are used to show the efficiency of the proposed approach regarding the workability of the approach when it comes to estimating the deadline of the targeted project.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Use of network scheduling technique
1. USE OF NETWORK SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE (CPM) TO
SET UP A TEAM AND TO FABRICATE A FSAE CAR BY THE
TEAM
A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the course
of
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
by
BOLISETTI SIVA PRADEEP
09BEM080
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND BUILDING SCIENCES
Vellore – 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
www. vit.ac.in
APRIL 2012
0
2. CONTENTS
Chapter No.
CHAPTER
1
Title
INTRODUCTION
Page No.
3
1.1 Introduction to network scheduling
1.2 Introduction to the team, objectives and
whole content of the project
CHAPTER
2
LITERATURE REVIEW
4
CHAPTER
3
METHODOLOGY
6
3.1
Problem Statements
3.2
Solutions
4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1
Results and its significance
CHAPTER
4.2
CHAPTER
9
Advantages - Applications
5
CONCLUSIONS
10
REFERENCES
10
1
3. 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK SCHEDULING
The complexities of the present day management problems and the business competitions
have added to the pressure on the brains of decision makers. In a large and complex project
involving a number of interrelated activities, requiring a number of men, machines and materials,
it is not possible for the management to make and execute an optimum schedule just by intuition
based on the organizational capabilities and work experience. Management are thus always on
the lookout for some methods and techniques which may help in planning, scheduling and
controlling the project. The aim of planning is to develop a sequence of activities of the project,
so that project completion time and cost are properly balanced and that the excessive demand of
key resources is avoided. CPM is one of the many network techniques which have been widely
used for planning, scheduling and controlling the large and complex projects.
The network technique which emphasizes more on activities is called CPM. CPM does
not take into account the uncertainties while estimating its activity times. The main difference
between CPM and PERT is PERT emphasizes more on events while CPM on activities.The
estimates in PERT are probabilistic while the times in CPM are relatively less uncertain and are
thus of deterministic in nature.
1.2 INTRODUCTION TO THE TEAM, OBJECTIVES AND WHOLE CONTENT OF
THE PROJECT
In V.I.T university we have many teams which make a car of their discipline to compete
in their corresponding event, for example BAJA. Team Pravega is one among them. Team
Pravega is a team which designs a small formula type race car. Each student team designs, builds
and tests a prototype based on a series of rules. The success of any team depends on the
commitment of its docile members, planning, scheduling and controlling the activities
efficiently, on contrary if planning, scheduling and controlling of the activities is not done
efficiently the team is vulnerable to failure. Construction of a FSAE car is a complex project
which involves many activities. These activities have to be planned, scheduled and controlled
properly so that project completion time and cost are properly balanced. The aim of my project is
to find out all the activities involved in design and fabrication of FSAE car by Team Pravega and
to draw the network and to apply network scheduling techniques like CPM for planning,
scheduling and controlling of this project and to finally find out the critical activities and critical
path.
2
4. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
N.K.Kwak et al in the year 2002 studied on critical path method and CRTI, a computerized CPM
program, as a tool for reporting and developing management information system Microbiology
Department of Deaconess Hospital to synchronize and coordinate the various tasks for efficient
management.
Edward L. Hanna et al in the year 2002 demonstrated on how goal programming can be used to
incorporate considerations other than project completion time and total project cost into the
typical CPM problem.
Lawrence Jones et al in the year 2002 dealt with application of CPM scheduling for the National
center for Drug Analysis. The model was constructed based on empirical data obtained at the
center for a five year period. It assists the management of the center in developing a complex
work planning process and in controlling the project tasks.
J.F.Barlow et al in the year 2003 studied on plotting of activity on node by computer using
output obtained from critical path analysis program. Three types of connections was allowed
between activities which are shown as boxes.
Yu Cheng et al in the year 2004 studied on optimal train traffic rescheduling simulation by
knowledge based system combined with critical path method for getting a nearly optimum
rescheduling under time and resource constraints. Global information concerning final
completion times of trains is used as a feedback function to control the delay and resolve the
resource conflict concerning current processing trains.
Shin Pin Chen et al in the year 2006 proposed an approach to critical path analysis for a project
network with activity times being fuzzy numbers, in that the membership function of the fuzzy
total duration time is constructed. The basic idea was based on the extension principle and linear
programming formulation. The total duration time is completely expressed by a membership
function.
Tarun Gupta et al in the year 2006 proposed an idea of applying CPM to continuous production
systems, and to implement the CPM not just at the outset but throughout the process. The
algorithm calls for repeatedly calculating the critical path through the production process and
routing parts so as to remain off the path.
Glenn R Dundas et al in the year 2006 studied on application of CPM for introducing an
industrial product. The paper suggests use of critical path method to ensure success at the
announcement/ introduction phase of the new product development.
R.A.Web et al in the year 2007 studied on application of critical path analysis to strawberry fruit
production from runner propagation to first harvest in an experimental situation. The analysis
indicated three phases of development.
3
5. Yan Lie Chang et al in the year 2007 investigated on two types of time constraints commonly
encountered in project management. The first is the time window constraint and second is the
time schedule constraint. An efficient linear time algorithm for finding the critical path and for
analyzing the flow time of each arc was developed for activity networks with these time
constraints.
4
6. 3.METHODOLOGY
3.1 PROBLEM STATMENTS
A list of all the activities involved and time taken for each activity has been found out by
interacting with the team members. A table showing list of all activities involved in fabricating a
FSAE car and the corresponding time take for each activity has been tabulated to draw the
network and to find out the critical activities and critical path by using CPM.
ACTIVITY
TASK INVOLVED
A
Setting up a productive team through rigorous selection
procedure involving written tests followed by interview
and presentation.
B
To get to know the first hand information about all the
departments in a car, for example suspension system etc.
C
Preparing a question paper for splitting the team into
corresponding departments.
D
Splitting the team into various departments based upon the
individual performance in the test and his field of interest.
E
Knowing the in-depth concepts by an individual
corresponding to his department and simultaneously
designing the components.
F
Selecting the event location.
G
Start of ordering the parts based on the calculations made
and receiving the parts.
H
Design of prototype by using software's.
I
Validating the final designs.
J
Fabricating the roll cage based on the designs made.
K
Machining the components which are to be custom made.
L
Assembly of all components.
M
Test run and troubleshooting.
Table 3.1 List of activities and their duration
5
No OF DAYS
7
10
3
5
40
7
60
25
5
30
50
20
10
7. 3.2 SOLUTIONS
For the above list of activities the precedence relationship has been found out, a network
involving all the activities has been dawn and finally the total length of the project, critical
activities and critical path has been found out using CPM.
PRECEDENCE RELATIONSHIP
A < B, C
B, C < D
D < E, F
E, F < G, H
G, H < I
I < J, K
J, K < L
L<M
NETWORK
Fig 3.1 Network involving all the activities
6
8. REPRESENTATION IN TABULAR FORM
PREDESES
SOR
EVENT (i)
SUCCES
SOR
EVENT
(j)
ACTIVI
TY
DURATI
ON
tEij
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
8
9
10
10
11
12
13
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
8
9
9
10
11
12
12
13
14
7
3
10
0
5
7
40
0
60
25
0
5
30
50
0
20
10
EARLI
EST
START
TIME
Esi
EARLIES
T
COMPLE
TION
TIME
Ecij
0
7
7
10
7
17
10
10
17
22
22
29
22
62
29
29
62
122
62
87
122
122
122
127
127
150
127
177
157
157
177
197
197
207
Table 3.2
7
LATE
ST
STAR
T
TIME
Lsij
0
14
7
17
17
55
22
62
62
97
122
122
147
127
177
177
197
LATEST
COMPLE
TION
TIME
Lcj
7
17
17
17
22
62
62
62
122
122
122
127
177
177
177
197
207
FLO
AT
0
7
0
7
0
33
0
33
0
35
0
0
27
0
20
0
0
9. 4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 RESULTS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
The total length of the project was found out to be two hundred and seven days.
The critical activities were 1-2, 2-4, 4-5, 5-7, 7-8, 8-9, 9-10, 10-12, 12-13, 13-14.
The critical path is 1-2-4-5-7-8-9-10-12-13-14.
By applying CPM the total length of the project was found out to be two hundred seven days but
according to the previous year's team database the length of the project was three hundred and
thirty days. This increased length of the project can be attributed to the delay of critical activities,
as we know that the delay of critical activities leads to the delay of the entire project. The delay
of critical activities can further be attributed to scheduling of the university exams during the
project and non availability of the team members due to some reasons like health problems etc.
An example of delay in critical activity may be delay in receiving the ordered parts.
4.2 ADVANTAGES - APPLICATION
Finding out the critical activities and critical path assists the team in developing a complex work
planning process and in controlling the project tasks.
8
10. 5. CONCLUSIONS
Thus the total length of the project, critical activities and critical path has been found out
by applying CPM technique in network scheduling. It has been found that the previous year's
total length of the project is exceeding the calculated total length of the project which may be
due to the delay in critical activities.
REFERENCES
1. D.S.HIRA, PREM KUMAR GUPTA (2008) Operations Research, S.Chand
2. www.sciencedirect.com
9