The slides explain 21 CFR Part 812. It includes all the guidelines to be followed by any manufacturer and investigator while manufacturing and investigating the safety, efficacy of the medical device.
EU and US Procedures for API Registration - Commonalities and DifferencesMerck Life Sciences
View the interactive recording here: https://bit.ly/2PB0VZo
Abstract:
This webinar will review the current requirements for the active substance registration in the European Union and the USA. First, we will summarize the authority regulations for APIs in the EU and USA and show the similarities and differences of procedures such as CEP, AMSF, and US-DMF. Secondly, we’ll cover new trends and requirements for API-dossiers such as the control of elemental impurities according to the new international guideline ICH Q3D and related watchouts for CEPs. At the end of the presentation, we’ll discuss the eCTD roadmap for the future and the end of paper submissions.
plasma master file in European countries and requirements in letter of intent...Sanjay batra
it includes that what is plasma master file, principles, procedure to file PMF, strategy involved, administration information, certification procedure & inspection
It contains details rules and regulations /legislation of Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, Active Substance Masters File, Investigational Medicinal Product Dossier for European Union
Change control is a formal system by which qualified representatives of appropriate disciplines review proposed or actual changes that might effect a validated status. The intent is to determine the need for the action that would ensure that the system is maintained in a validated state.
The slides explain 21 CFR Part 812. It includes all the guidelines to be followed by any manufacturer and investigator while manufacturing and investigating the safety, efficacy of the medical device.
EU and US Procedures for API Registration - Commonalities and DifferencesMerck Life Sciences
View the interactive recording here: https://bit.ly/2PB0VZo
Abstract:
This webinar will review the current requirements for the active substance registration in the European Union and the USA. First, we will summarize the authority regulations for APIs in the EU and USA and show the similarities and differences of procedures such as CEP, AMSF, and US-DMF. Secondly, we’ll cover new trends and requirements for API-dossiers such as the control of elemental impurities according to the new international guideline ICH Q3D and related watchouts for CEPs. At the end of the presentation, we’ll discuss the eCTD roadmap for the future and the end of paper submissions.
plasma master file in European countries and requirements in letter of intent...Sanjay batra
it includes that what is plasma master file, principles, procedure to file PMF, strategy involved, administration information, certification procedure & inspection
It contains details rules and regulations /legislation of Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, Active Substance Masters File, Investigational Medicinal Product Dossier for European Union
Change control is a formal system by which qualified representatives of appropriate disciplines review proposed or actual changes that might effect a validated status. The intent is to determine the need for the action that would ensure that the system is maintained in a validated state.
PIC/S is a combine term used for the execution of activities of Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention and Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme
harmonize, educate, and update aspects relating to Good Manufacturing Practice among member countries
harmonized relation among regulatory authorities and governments
members
history
role
objective and function
guidlines
REGULATORY REQUIRMENT FOR PRODUCT APPROVAL.pptxTMU
1.Introduction
2.API sourcing
3.API sourcing in other Countries
4.Regulatory filing
5.DMFs
6.Regulatory Guideline for API
7. Compression study of active pharmaceutical ingredients in different countries
8.Filling issue
Watch the webinar here: https://bit.ly/2lLquKk
Since 2017 Chinese Health Authority has published new regulation for Co-Review procedure of API, excipient and packaging material. Focusing on the unique regulatory requirement for registration of excipient we will give you an overview about the dossier requirement, ChP compliance and impact for the pharmaceutical industry.
If you want to market your drug into China, are you aware that excipient used in your drug need to be registered and to be compliance wtih Chinese pharmacopoeia? Since 2017 Chinese Health Authority has published new regulation for Co-Review procedure of API, excipient and packaging material. Focusing on the unique regulatory requirement for registration of excipient we will give you an overview about the dossier requirement, ChP compliance and impact for the pharmaceutcal industry.
In this webinar, you will learn:
- Current Chinese regulation for excipient registration
- Chinese pharmacopoeia as standard for the excipients
- Impact of excipient regulation for pharmaceutical industries
stability The ability of a pharmaceutical product to retain its chemical, physical, microbiological and biopharmaceutical properties within specified limits throughout its shelf-life.Why is stability of a drug important?
Drug stability affects the safety and efficacy of the drug product; degradation impurities may cause a loss of efficacy and generate possible adverse effects. Therefore, achieving the chemical and physical stability of drugs is essential to ensure their quality and safety.Common factors that affect this stability include temperature, light, pH, oxidation and enzymatic degradation. Special considerations are also required when dealing with chiral molecules, deuterated internal standards and large biomolecules.
Watch the webinar here: https://bit.ly/2lLquKk
Since 2017 Chinese Health Authority has published new regulation for Co-Review procedure of API, excipient and packaging material. Focusing on the unique regulatory requirement for registration of excipient we will give you an overview about the dossier requirement, ChP compliance and impact for the pharmaceutical industry.
If you want to market your drug into China, are you aware that excipient used in your drug need to be registered and to be compliance wtih Chinese pharmacopoeia? Since 2017 Chinese Health Authority has published new regulation for Co-Review procedure of API, excipient and packaging material. Focusing on the unique regulatory requirement for registration of excipient we will give you an overview about the dossier requirement, ChP compliance and impact for the pharmaceutcal industry.
In this webinar, you will learn:
- Current Chinese regulation for excipient registration
- Chinese pharmacopoeia as standard for the excipients
- Impact of excipient regulation for pharmaceutical industries
Fundamental concept of regulatory affairs in pharmaceutical & biotechnologyHitendra Singh
RA is a comparatively new profession which developed from the desire of governments to protect public health by controlling the Quality, safety and efficacy of products in areas including pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology, veterinary medicines, medical devices, pesticides, agrochemicals, cosmetics and complementary medicines.
Goals of Regulatory Affairs Professionals:-
Protection of human health
Ensuring safety, efficacy and quality of drugs
Ensuring appropriateness and accuracy of product information
Where are you in your drug development journey? Find out how to expedite your drug development program. View our drug development journey map. Download the document to zoom in and view details.
Key importance of ICH guideline, a brief summary on the international guidelines for new drug development.
Specifically for regulatory affairs student of MPharm
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This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
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Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
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Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
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𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
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"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
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Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
1. WHO Prequalification and
API Requirements
Maryam MEHMANDOUST
Prequalification of Medicines Programme
QSM / EMP / HSS
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
2. Glossary
API
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (interchangeable with drug substance or active substance)
APIMF
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Master File
ARV
Antiretroviral
CoS (CEP)
Certificate of Suitability
EDQM
European Directorate for Quality of Medicines and HealthCare
EoI
Expression of Interest
EMEA
European Medicines Agency
FPP
Finished Pharmaceutical Product
GMP
Good Manufacturing Practices
ICH
International Conference on Harmonization
Int. Ph.
International Pharmacopoeia
JP
Japanese Pharmacopoeia
Ph. Eur.
European Pharmacopoeia
PQ
Prequalification
PQIF
Pharmaceutical Quality Information form
RH
Reproductive Health
TB
Tuberculosis
USFDA
US Food and Drug Administration
USP
United States Pharmacopoeia
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
2 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
3. UN / WHO Prequalification Medicines
Programme
Action plan of UN since 2001 aiming to facilitate access to priority medicinal
products
Revision of the procedure in October 2008
– Categories: HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Tuberculosis, Reproductive Health, Influenza
– Potentially other categories of products possible, if there is the need
– To ensure quality, efficacy and safety of medicines procured using international funds
(e.g. GFTAM, UNITAID)
– Products meeting WHO recommended Quality Standards to be included in the list of
Prequalified products
– Inclusion in the list does imply any approval by WHO of the products and
manufacturing sites- this is the sole prerogative of National Authorities
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
3 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
4. Prequalification Medicines Programme
Principles of Quality assessment procedure
General understanding of the production and quality control activities of
the manufacturer
Assessment of product data and information on safety, efficacy and quality
Assessment of manufacturing sites for consistency in production, quality
control of starting materials and FPPS through compliance with GMP
Assessment of clinical testing units or CROs for compliance with GCP and
and GLP
Reliance on the information supplied by national DRAs
Random sampling and testing
Handling of complaints and recalls
Monitoring of complaints from agencies and countries
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
4 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
5. Prequalification Medicines Programme
How does it work?
Expression
of Interest
Product dossierSite Master File-
Assessment
Response to
questions
Inspections
Corrective
actions
Compliance
Compliance
Prequalification
Listing
Maintenance and monitoring
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
5 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
9. Reproductive Health in the latest (4 th) EOI
Antivirals 2nd EOI
Reproductive Health
Ethinylestradiol
Ph. Int., Ph. Eur., USP, BP
Estradiol derivatives
USP (cypronate), Ph. Eur., USP (valerate)
Etonogestrel
Non pharmacopoeial
Desogestrel
Ph. Eur., USP
Levonorgestrel
Ph. Int., Ph. Eur., USP, BP
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Ph. Int., Ph. Eur., USP, BP
Lynestrenol
Ph. Eur.
Norethisterone
Ph. Int., Ph. Eur.
Norgestrel
USP, Ph. Eur.
Oxytocin
Mifepristone
Misoprostol
Ph. Int., USP, draft Ph. Eur.
Ph. Eur.
Influenza-specific antiviral drugs
Oseltamivir
Ph. Int. (December 2008), draft Ph. Eur., draft USP
Zanamivir
Non pharmacopoeial
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
9 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
10. Prequalification Medicines Programme
Guidelines for the assessment of product dossiers/quality API
Guideline on Submission of Documentation for Prequalification of
Multisource (Generic) Finished Pharmaceutical Products (FPPs) Used in
the Treatment of HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis [Main Generic Guide,
under revision], Section 2 on APIs
Supplement 2- Extension of the WHO list of stable (not easily degradable
APIs)
Guideline on Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Master File (APIMF)
Procedure (DMF type procedure)
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
10 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
11. Prequalification Medicines Programme
Guidelines for the assessment of product dossiers/quality
ICH guidelines are used when a quality aspect cannot
be (fully) assessed by the WHO guidelines,
for instance:
– Q3A(R2)
Impurities in new drug substances
– Q3C(R3)
Impurities: Guideline for residual solvents
– Q6A
Specifications: Test procedures and
acceptance criteria for new drug substances and new drug
products: chemical substances (with decision trees)
– Q7
GMP for active pharmaceutical ingredients
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
11 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
12. How to submit data on APIs in PQ product
dossier- Section 2
Scientific data on the API can be submitted using
following ways and order of preference
A valid Certificate of Suitability (CoS) or CEP, issued by EDQM
An APIMF (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Master File)
submitted by the API manufacturer, containing the whole
information requested in section 2 and presented in CTD format
(see APIMF guideline and separate presentation)
Complete submission of data requested in Section 2 of PQ product
dossier
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
12 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
13. CEP Option
What to provide in the PQ dossier?
A copy of the latest version of CEP with all appendices + access
box duly filled out
Information which may not be covered by the CEP
– Physicochemical characteristics and any relevant testing
– Container closure system (if not mentioned on the CEP)
– Stability data (if no re-test period on the CEP)
Results of batch analysis (for attributes listed in the monograph +
any additional tests listed on the CEP + sterility if applicable)
In case of sterile substances (e.g. Medroxyprogesterone acetate)
When there is no subsequent sterilization for the FPP
– Sterilization process as specified on the CEP
– Validation data
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
13 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
14. APIMF Option / Procedural aspects
Procedure implemented in PQ since January 2007, www.who.int/Prequal/
Adopted by the WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for
Pharmaceutical Preparations in October 2007 and recently published in
WHO Technical Report Series (TRS) 948 as Annex 4.
Inspired from the Active Substance Master File (ASMF)/DMF procedure in
use in EU, CPMP/QWP/227/02 Rev 2.
Scope only open to APIs # US and Canada DMFs (Drug Master File)
– Applicable to all types of chemical APIs: pharmacopoeial and nonpharmacopoeial
– Biological APIs out of scope of the APIMF procedure (like in EU)
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
14 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
15. APIMF Option / Procedural aspects
Mainly used when the API manufacturer is different from the FPP
manufacturer but possible when API and FPP manufacturers are the same
Allows to protect valuable confidential "know-how" of the API
manufacturer
While giving the whole information on manufacture of the API to the WHO
PQ team of assessors
While giving a part of the information to the applicant to Prequalification/
FPP manufacturer
The APIMF procedure is not mandatory
For Prequalification,
– Permits to avoid multiplication of assessments of one API from one
source /centralised handling
– Lightens the workload of manufacturers (reduces number of
deficiencies sent to manufacturers)
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
15 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
16. APIMF Option / Procedural aspects
An APIMF is always submitted ONLY in support of a FPP dossier.
Scientific information in an APIMF should be presented according to CTD (mandatory).
Information divided in 2 parts Restricted part + Applicant's part to fulfil the objectives of the
procedure (similar to EU and Canada DMF)
Restricted part (Closed part)
– Confidential information to be submitted only to WHO PQ
Applicant's part (Open part)
– Information regarded as to be non-confidential and to be given to the applicant
– Information to be given also to WHO PQ as part of APIMF
Letter of Access (LoA) to be given to WHO PQ with copy to the applicant
Changes and updates
In case of changes introduced in the APIMF
- Those requiring filing a variation by the applicant to be notified to each applicant.
- Those not requiring filing a variation are to be submitted to WHO PQ only and this before
implementation.
Tabular list summarizing changes
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
16 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
17. Requirements and format for the API/CTD
APIMF or data in the dossier
CTD
S.1 General Information
- Nomenclature
- Structure
- General Properties
S.2 Manufacture
- Manufacturer
- Description of manufacturing process
- Control of materials
- Control of critical steps and intermediates
- Process validation
- Manufacturing process development
S.3 Characterisation
PQ dossier section 2
2.1 Nomenclature
2.2 Properties of API (s)
2.3 Site(s) of Manufacture
2.4 Route(s) of synthesis
- API not described in pharmacopoeia
- Specifications of raw materials and intermediates used in
synthesis
- API described in a pharmacopoeia
- Elucidation of structure
- Impurities
S.4 Control of Drug Substance
2.5 Specifications
S.5 Reference Standards or Materials
S.6 Container Closure System
2.6 Container Closure System
S.7 Stability testing
2.7 Stability testing
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
17 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
18. Requirements and format
API Section/ CTD
S.1. General information
S.2. Manufacture
– Manufacturer(s), description of the manufacturing process, control of
materials, control of critical steps and intermediates, process validation,
manufacturing process development)
S.3. Characterisation
S.4. Control of API
S.5. Reference standards or Materials
S.6. Container closure system
S.7. Stability testing
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
18 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
19. 3.2.S.2. Manufacture
Manufacturer(s)
Name, address and responsibility of each manufacturer, including contractors, and each proposed manufacturing site or facility involved in the manufacturing
chain including specific steps such as milling or micronisation
)Actual manufacturing sites with indication of unit, plot, block (if anySame information as above for alternative sitesGMP compliance certificate for each site of production of API (if available), A valid
manufacturing authorization for the production of APIs
Manufacturing process should be performed according to the GMP for APIs
ICH Q7: Good manufacturing practice for active pharmaceutical ingredients
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
19 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
20. 3.2.S.2. Manufacture
Description of manufacturing process and process controls
A flow diagram of the process and a scheme of synthesis
Detailed description of the synthesis step-by-step indicating materials, reagents and solvents
used and critical steps identified by the manufacturer
Description of the synthesis should go sufficiently back to well-characterized starting
materials (see under control of materials)
Scale of manufacture: typical batch size and the maximum batch size (the range)
Last solvent of purification and crystallisation always to be controlled
Attention to concordance between the flow sheet of the synthesis and description of the
process
Alternate processes (if any) can be accepted ONLY if there is no change in the final
specifications of the API and in its impurity profile
In such case, description of the alternate process should be with the same level of details than
the main process
If alternate process may lead to different specifications / impurity profile, then separate APIMF
should be filed
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
20 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
21. 3.2.S.2. Manufacture
Description of manufacturing process and process controls
Mention clearly if reprocessing and reworking steps are performed or not. If performed, they
should be clearly described with justification.
Attention to different impurity profile which may result from reworking.
Recovery of materials, if any, should be described in details with the step they are introduced
in the process.
Recovery operations should be adequately controlled so impurity levels do not increase over
time.
For recovery of solvents, it is important to know if there is any processing to improve the
quality of the recovered solvent and if recovered solvents comes from manufacturing process
of the specific API or can come from other processes.
Regarding recycling of filtrates ( mother liquors), information should be available on maximum
holding times of mother liquors and maximum number of times the material can be recycled.
Data on impurity levels should be provided to justify recycling of filtrates.
If there is no recovery of materials, this should be clarified in the dossier.
Blending of batches of API to obtain batches of lager size is acceptable only if batches are
individually tested against specifications and found to meet specifications of the final API.
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
21 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
22. 3.2.S.2. Manufacture
Control of Materials
Starting material of the API
Most of manufacturers justify the choice of their starting material as per ICH
Q7 definition, i.e.:
a raw material, intermediate, or an API that is used in production of an API and
that is incorporated as a significant structural fragment into the structure
of the API. It can be an article of commerce, purchased from another
supplier or manufactured in-house.
This definition is not sufficient from an assessment point of view
- Significant structural fragment incorporated into the structure of the API can be
a very complex molecule
- Commercial availability is not sufficient justification in itself
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
22 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
23. 3.2.S.2. Manufacture
Control of Materials
Starting material of the API
Starting material for synthesis in the dossier may precede the ICH Q7 "API starting material" by
several steps in the synthetic process (Pharmaceutical sciences- Questions and answers,
Therapeutic Products Directorate, Health Canada, May 2007)
If the structure of the starting material is too complex and synthesis too short, the proposed
starting material should be rather considered as the "key intermediate". The real starting
material as a synthetic precursor- one or more synthetic steps prior to the final API
intermediate should be asked for.
Exception to the above, when the API starting material is covered by a CEP,
Acids, bases, salts, esters and similar derivatives of the API are not considered final
intermediates,
The starting material should be incorporated as a significant structural fragment into the
structure of the final API,
The starting material should be well characterized, its structure fully elucidated,
The starting material should have well defined specifications including one or more specific
identity tests, tests and limits for the assay, specified and unspecified impurities and total
impurities.
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23 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
24. 3.2.S.2. Manufacture
Control of Materials
Starting material of the API
In order to assess the presence of all potential impurities, a brief outline of the preparation
of the starting material of the API beginning from simpler molecules should be presented
including solvents and reagents in order to enable assessors to judge of the
appropriateness of specifications of the starting material of the API.
If the APIMF holder is not in possession of the above information which may be
considered confidential, then the starting material manufacturer/supplier can directly
submit it to WHO PQ by referencing the APIMF number.
Indicate the name and address (preferably manufacturing site) of the starting material
manufacturer.
If there are several starting material manufacturers, then clarify if the material obtained
from different sources is prepared by the same route or different routes and if the
specifications for the starting material can apply to the material sourced from all of them.
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24 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
25. 3.2.S.2. Manufacture
Control of Materials
Specifications of materials
Specifications for solvents and reagents
- Solvents used in final stages require greater purity and control
- Control of residual benzene in solvents such as toluene, etc
Recovered solvents: specifications
Quantitative and qualitative composition of denatured solvents
Recovered materials: specifications
Any material used in the process which may be of biological origin, viral and/or TSE
safety aspects should be addressed. Declaration on use/non use of material of
biological origin.
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25 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
26. 3.2.S.2. Manufacture
Controls of critical steps and Intermediates
Specifications for isolated intermediates
In-process controls
Identification of critical steps (examples)
• Steps where significant impurities are removed or introduced,
• Steps where an essential molecular structural element such as chiral
centres are introduced
• Steps where a major chemical transformation is performed
• Steps having an impact on solid-state properties and homogeneity
of the API (relevant for solid dosage forms)
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26 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
27. 3.2.S.3. Characterization
Elucidation of structure and other characteristics
Confirmation of structure based on synthetic route and spectral analyses
Pharmacopoeial APIs: comparison of spectral data between the pharmacopoeial
reference standard and the test product
Non pharmacopoeial API: evidence of structure should be brought by elemental
analysis, IR, NMR (proton and carbon), UV, mass with interpretation of spectra, Xray and so on.
- Unequivocal proof of configuration of chiral centres (if applicable) and
geometric isomerism (if applicable) e.g. by single X-ray crystal
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27 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
28. 3.2.S.3. Characterization
Elucidation of structure and other characteristics
Particle size distribution for poorly soluble API, routine testing to be
justified according to ICH Q6A
Polymorphism
– Discussion on polymorphic forms (if applicable)
– Availability of analytical methods to distinguish between the forms
– Demonstration of consistency of production
– Routine control necessary or not, to be justified under 3.2.S.4.
according to ICH Q6A
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28 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
29. 3.2.S.3. Characterization
Impurities
Discussion on potential and actual impurities
– Organic impurities
• Non pharmacopoeial APIs (name and origin of impurity, availability of actual samples for
test procedures and structural analysis, suitability of the proposed analytical methods,
batch results, justified limits given ICH Q3A identification and qualification thresholds)
• Pharmacopoeial APIs (whether the process actually leads to impurities described in
individual monograph, whether new impurities may be present in comparison to those
described in the monograph)
– Principle: different routes of synthesis may lead to different impurity profile
– If new impurities present, same requirements as above for non pharmacopoeial APIs
– Residual solvents
• Q3C (R3) and EU note for guidance CPMP/QWP/450/03
• Limit for TEA NMT 320 ppm (option 1) or 3.2 mg/day intake as per EDQM
document PA/PH/ CEP (04) 1 4R
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29 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
30. 3.2.S.3. Characterization
Impurities
Discussion on potential and actual impurities (Cont.)
– Metal catalysts
• Residues of metal catalysts to be monitored and acceptance criteria set according to
relevant guidelines e.g. EU note CPMP/SWP/QWP/4446/00
– Genotoxic impurities
• Absence of known, established highly toxic impurities used in the process or formed
as by-product is to be discussed.
• Otherwise, suitable limits for their control are to be proposed.
• Limits to be justified by appropriate reference to specific available guidances (EU
CPMP/SWP/5199/02 or USFDA draft December 2008) or to experimental safety data or
to published data in peer-reviewed journals.
• L. Müller et al. article (Elsevier, 2006) can be used to have examples of known
alerting structures.
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30 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
31. 3.2.S.4. Control of the API
Specifications
Recognised Pharmacopoeias by WHO PQ are Ph. Int., Ph. Eur., (BP) and USP
APIs described in a pharmacopoeia
Requirements of the monograph claimed apply + those of general monographs and
chapters of that pharmacopoeia (if applicable)
e.g. for Ph. Eur.: requirements of individual monograph + general monograph (2034)+ general
chapter residual solvents (5.4.) + general monograph (1483) on products with TSE risk,.. all
together apply
Pharmacopoeial monograph available but the applicant/manufacturer claims in-house
standards, these can be acceptable only if they are demonstrated as to be at least
equivalent or more stringent than the pharmacopoeial monograph.
Non pharmacopoeial APIs
Justification according to ICH Q6A
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31 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
32. 3.2.S.4. Control of the API
Analytical procedures
When a pharmacopoeial related substances method is used, demonstration
should be done that the method is actually suitable for determination of
impurities of the manufacturer's specific route of synthesis.
Use of a pharmacopoeial method for related substances is not mandatory, an
in-house method can be accepted.
In case an in-house method is used, the presence or absence of impurities
listed in the transparency list of the pharmacopoeial monograph should be
checked and their relevance for the manufacturer's specific route of synthesis
has to be discussed.
Batch analyses
Results of at least 3 consecutive recent primary batches from each site
Primary batches should be at least of pilot size, 10% of maximum commercial
batch size at time of acceptance of the APIMF
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32 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
33. 3.2.S.4. Control of the API
Justification of specifications
inclusion OR omission of certain main/ critical tests and
acceptance criteria,
any difference with pharmacopoeial limits if wider,
any modification of pharmacopoeial tests,
Specifications of non pharmacopoeial APIs to be justified as per
ICH Q6A
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33 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
34. 3.2.S.5. Reference Standards
or Materials
For pharmacopoeial APIs: use an official Reference Standard.
Working standard to be qualified against the official RS
For non pharmacopoeial APIs
A primary and/or a working standard are to be established
Description of how this RS/WS has been set in terms of Identity (full structural
analyses) and Assay
The purity must be determined using an absolute procedure as follows: 100%
minus organic impurities (determined by an absolute assay procedure) minus
inorganic impurities, minus water content and minus residual solvents.
Certificate of Analysis + instructions for storage and duration of use
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34 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
35. 3.2.S.7. Stability testing
WHO guideline on stability testing of APIs and FPPs, TRS 953,
2009, annex 2
Forced degradation studies in stress condition
– Help to know about the intrinsic stability of the API
–
Help to know about the degradation pathways and degradation
products formed
–
Help to know whether the analytical method is suitable to determine
degradation products/ and whether it is stability-indicating
It is possible not to perform stress testing if the information can be
found in scientific literature
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35 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
36. 3.2.S.7. Stability testing
Forced degradation studies in stress condition
Requirement: 1 API batch
Stress Conditions
- temperature, in 10° increments above accelerated (i.e. 50°C, 60°C …)
- humidity (75% or greater)
- oxidation and photolysis, where appropriate
- susceptibility of the API to hydrolysis across a justified range of pH values when
in solution or suspension
- photostability testing: generally as per Q1B,
Omission of photostability testing can be justified if pharmacopoeial monograph for
the API states, "Protect from light"
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36 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
37. 3.2.S.7. Stability testing
Regulatory stability testing
serves to define a re-test period for the API
to recommend a storage condition
Definition of re-test period
Period of time during which the API is expected to remain within its
specifications and can be used in the manufacture of a given product
(without control prior to manufacture of Drug Product) in condition that
the API has been stored under defined conditions
If a re-test period cannot be defined, The API is to be tested before
manufacture of each lot of drug product
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37 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
38. 3.2.S.7. Stability testing
Re-test period of the API
Selection of batches (at least 3 primary)
– Primary batch of API should be at least pilot scale
– Manufactured by the same synthesis as production batches and the same
manufacturing procedure simulating the final process
Same packaging than that proposed for storage /distribution
Parameters to be tested: those susceptible to change during
storage such as assay, degradation products, physico-chemical
characteristics if relevant
Analytical methods same as release OR if different, should be
validated and demonstrated to be stability indicating
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38 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
39. 3.2.S.7. Stability testing
Retest period of the API
General case
Study
Storage condition
Minimum time period covered by
data at submission
Long term*
25°C± 2°C / 60% RH ± 5% RH 12 months or 6 months as
30°C± 2°C / 65% RH ± 5% RH appropriate
30°C± 2°C / 75% RH ± 5% RH
Intermediate
30°C± 2°C / 65% RH ± 5% RH 6 months
Accelerated
40°C± 2°C / 75% RH ± 5% RH 6 months
The storage condition of long term stability testing is determined by*
the climatic condition under which the API is intended to be stored
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39 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
40. 3.2.S.7. Stability testing
Climatic zones and long term testing conditions
Long term stability testing conditions are determined by the climatic
condition under which the API is intended to be stored.
Zone I: temperate
21°C/45%RH
Zone II: subtropical/mediterranean
25°C/60%RH
Zone III: hot/dry
30°C/35%RH
Zone VIa: hot/humid
30°C/65%RH
Zone VIb: hot/very humid
30°C/75%RH
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40 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
41. 3.2.S.7. Stability testing
- Testing frequency: every 3 months the first year, every 6 months the second
year and then annually
- For an API, “significant change” is failure to meet the specification for any
parameter
- Extrapolation: possible either according to WHO PQ supplement 2 or
according to ICH Q1E
Exception for NOT easily degradable APIs, see the list in Supplement 2
6 months long term data at submission (either ICH condition 25°C/60% RH OR
30°C/65% RH OR 30°C/75% RH) + 6 months accelerated ICH 40°C/75% RH
A re-test period of 24 months can be accorded
Stability study should be continued to cover the re-test period accorded
commitment will be requested to submit complementary data
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41 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
42. 3.2.S.7. Stability testing
Definition of stable API
An API is considered as stable if it remains within the
defined/regulatory specifications when stored for at least 2 years at
25°C/60% RH or at the alternative storage condition 30°C/65% RH
and for at least 6 months at 40°C/75% RH (Main generic guide)
0°C / 75% RH.
Recommended labelling statements
A storage statement should be established for the labelling based
on the stability evaluation of the pharmaceutical product
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42 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
43. 3.2.S.7. Stability testing
Recommended labelling statements for APIs
appendix 3 to WHO stability guideline
Testing conditions under which stability of API
is demonstrated
Recommended labelling statement
25°C /60 % RH (long term)
40°C/ 75% RH (accelerated)
Do not store above 25°C
25°C /60 % RH (long term)
Do not store above 25°C
30°C /65 % RH (intermediate, failure of accelerated)
30°C /65 % RH (long term) OR
30°C /75 % RH (long term)
40°C/ 75% RH (accelerated)
Do not store above 30°C
5°C ± 3°C
Store in a refrigerator
(2 to 8°C)
-20°C± 5°C
Store in a freezer
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43 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
44. Prequalification of APIs
New project in the pipeline of WHO PQ
Procedure adopted by the WHO EC in October 2008 and published
in WHO Technical Report Series, N0. 953, 2009 as annex 4.
Listing of Prequalified APIs and their manufacturer/ site
Principles of the procedure similar to Prequalification of Medicines
–
–
–
–
–
–
Publication of list of APIs in Expression of Interest
Assessment of API dossier
Inspection of manufacturing sites
Random sampling and testing
Handling of complaints and recalls
Maintenance of Prequalification status
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44 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
45. Prequalification of APIs
Stand-alone API dossier as per CTD (no relation with an FPP in contrary to an
APIMF)
Requirements for assessment of quality as for the APIMFs
Holders of APIMFs can request to switch to this new procedure, without dossier
assessment, in condition:
– Positive outcome of assessment of their APIMFs have been notified
– Positive outcome of inspection of the site
Changes to be documented as per relevant change control procedures and
communicated to WHO
Recognition of evaluation of relevant APIs by Competent authorities applying
stringent standards such as USFDA, EMEA and EDQM but not limited to.
– Share of certain information with WHO PQ
Alternatively, a drug master file as prepared for and submitted to a Drug
Regulatory Authority of the ICH region can be submitted to WHO PQ.
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45 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST
46. Thank you
for your attention
Quality of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Hyderabad, September 2009
46 | WHO Prequalification and API Requirements – Maryam MEHMANDOUST