This document defines and discusses occupational health and safety. It notes that occupational health concerns the physical, mental, and social well-being of workers in relation to their jobs and work environments. Occupational safety aims to protect employees from hazards at work. The document outlines various occupational hazards including physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial hazards. It also discusses occupational diseases, preventive measures, and the roles of legislation, engineering controls, and medical professionals in promoting occupational health and safety.

1. OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH AND SAFETY

2. Definition of
occupational health
Occupational health is broadly defined in the
occupational health and safety encyclopedia
as being concerned with physical mental and
social wellbeing of man in relation to his
work and working environment, his adjustment
to work and adjustment of work to him.
[Forsman1976].

3. occupational safety
It is the protection of employee from the
occupational hazards. It is the health and
wellbeing of people employed in a work
environment.

4. occupational health
anD safety
• Occupational health and safety encompasses
the social, mental and physical wellbeing of
worker that is the ‘whole person’.

5. occupational
enViRonMent:
• Man and physical, chemical
and biological agents.
• Man and machine.
• Man and man.

6. Cont…….
Physical agent
Chemical
agents
Biological
agents-

7. OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
• It is the danger to the health ,limb, or life
that is inherent in ,or is associated with a
particular occupation,industry,or work
environment. Occupational hazard include
risk of accident and of contracting
occupational diseases

8. TYPES OF OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
• 1) Physical hazards.
• 2) Chemical hazards.
• 3) Biological hazards.
• 4) Mechanical hazards.
• 5) Psychosocial hazards

9. Physical Hazards
• Noise
• Vibration
• Extreme Temperature
• Radiation
• Light

11. ..
Other Harmful Effects of
Noise
• Hypertension
• Hyperacidity
• Palpitations
• Disturbs relaxation

12. ..
Vibration

13. Whole Body
HeaVltihb erffaecttis:on
Fatigue
Irritability
Headache
Disorders of the spine

16. CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Routes of entry into the body
Inhalation
Ingestion
Skin Contact

17. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
VIRUSES
BACTERIA
FUNGI
PARASITES

18. Mechanical hazards:
Repetitive movement

19. Psychosocial hazards

20. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE:
Disease due to physical agent
Disease due to chemical agents
Disease due to biological agents
Occupational cancer
Occupational dermatosis
Disease of psychological origin

21. Pneumoconiosis
Silicosis

22. Anthracosis
Byssinosis

23. Bagassosis
Asbestosis

24. Preventive m. easures:
1. Use of safer types of asbestos
2. Substitution of other insulants – glass fiber,
mineral wood, calcium silicate, plastic foams.
3. Dust control and biological monitoring
4. Periodic examination of workers and
continuing research.

25. OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
The characteristics of occupational cancer are:
•They appear after prolonged exposure
• The period between exposure and development of
disease may be 10 to 25 years.
•The disease may develop even after cessation of
exposure.
•The localization of tumors is remarkably constant in
any one occupation.

26. Cont......
..
1.SKIN CANCER
2. LUNG CANCER
3. BLADDER CANCER
4. LEUKAEMIA

27. OCCUPATIONAL
DERMATITIS
• PREVENTION:
• Pre-selection
• Protection
• Personal hygiene
• Periodic inspection

28. RADIATION HAZARDS
Preventive measures:
•Shielding of workers in x-ray field
•The employees should be monitored at intervals
•Suitable protective clothing
•Adequate ventilation in work place to prevent
inhalation of harmful gases and dust.
•Replacement and periodic examination of workers in
every 2 months.
•Pregnant women should not be allowed to work in
risky areas.

29. LEAD POISONING
Preventive measures:
•Substitution of lead with less toxic materials.
•Isolation of all
•Local exhaust ventilation.
•Personal protection, personal hygiene and good
housekeeping
•Periodic examination of workers and health education.
•Medical management

30. HEALTH PROBLEMS DUE
TO INDUSTRIALIZATION:

31. MEASURES FOR HEALTH
PROMOTION OF
WORKERS:

32. PREVENTION OF
OCCUPATIONAL
DISEASES:

33. 1. MEDICAL MEASURES:
•Pre-placement examination
•Periodical examination
•Medical and health care services
•Notification
•Supervision of working environment
•Maintenance and analysis of records
• Health education and counseling

34. 2. ENGINEERING
MEASURES:
• Design of building
• Dust – enclosure and isolation
• Good housekeeping
• Local exhaust ventilation
• General ventilation
• Protective devices
• Mechanization
• Environmental monitoring

35. • LEGISLATION:
The most important factory laws in India today
are ;
•The Factory Act , 1948
The Employees State Insurance Act , 1948

36. NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
CONTROL
The hospital infection control nurse and
infection control committee are concerned with
the prevention, surveillance and control of
nosocomial infection.
For airborne and droplet aerosol exposure, skin
exposure ,preventive measures should taken.
FOOD SAFETY
Hospital kitchens prepares meals for inpatient
and many cases prepare meals for staff canteen
.The food storage ,handling and preparation
should be done to the highest standard to avoid
any risk to already sick or compromised patient.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

37. IMPORTANCE OF
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN
HOSPITALS

38. Personal (Staff) Protection –
Physical Hazards
•Radiation Exposure
•Burns due to Steam Sterilizing
•
•Laser Burns
•Back Injury
•Electrical Defibrillators
•Personal Violence

39. Personal (Staff) Protection –
Chemical Hazards
• Controlling che mical hazards
• Elimination
• Substitution
• Isolation
• Enclosure
• Ventilation
• Personal
• Personal hygiene
• General cleanliness

40. Personal (Staff) Protection –
Biological Hazards
Management
• Appropriate washing for mouth, eyes or
skin exposure
• First aid for penetrating sharps injury
• Prophylaxis for high risk exposure
• Testing of the source if possible
• Testing and follow up of exposed staff
• Incident reporting.

41. Personal (Staff) Protection –
Psychological Hazards
• Shift work, on call d uty, fatigue and
―burn out‖.
• High workload and demand.
• High or unrealistic patient expectations.
• Verbal abuse or threats from intoxicated
patients.
• High or unrealistic expectations from
supervisors and management.
• Problematic interpersonal work
relationships.

42. OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH NURSE
Typical OHN Activities:
•Observation and assessment of both the worker
and the work environment.
•Interpretation and evaluation of the worker's
medical and occupational history
•Interpretation of medical diagnosis to workers
and their employers.
•Identification of abnormalities.
•Description of the worker's response to the
exposures.
•Management of occupational and non-occupational
illness and injury.

43. Role of the Occupational Health Nurse
in Workplace Health Management

44. ETHICS IN OCCUPATIONAL
NURSING
1.Occupational Health Practice must be
performed according to the highest
professional standards and ethical principles
2. The obligations of occupational health
professionals include protecting the life and
the health of the worker, respecting human
dignity
3. Occupational health professionals are
experts who must enjoy full professional
independence in the execution of their
functions.

45. SUMMERIZATION

46. ANY DOUBT ???

47. CONCLUSION

48. thank you