The document discusses a case study of a bridge in Arachtos, Greece. To counter heavy construction loads, cables were attached to the bridge piers to take some of the load. Calculations determined the percentage of loads taken by the cables. The document also discusses aesthetics in bridge design and qualities like function, proportion, order and rhythm, contrast and texture, and harmony that influence the perception of a bridge's beauty. Shadowing effects at different times of day are also addressed.

1. INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGE ENGINEERINGINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGE ENGINEERING
016
BRIDES
CASE STUDY

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Dr f Dejahang BSc CEng, BSc (Hons) Construction Mgmt, MSc, PhD

3. BRIDES-CASE STUDY
LOCATION:
Arachtos, Greece.
Arachtos bridge pier design for constructi
Problem
Counter acting the forces just
introduced for construction phase due
to heavy machinery to be used.

4. BRIDES-CASE STUDY
Solution
Attaching with a cable or some other
appropriate element with the girder end so
as to take part of loads.
Result
calculation of the percentage of loads taken
by the cable element.
Acrachtos bridge pier design for construction p

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7. Aesthetics in Bridge DesignAesthetics in Bridge Design
The conventional order of priorities in bridge
design is:
 safety
Economy
Serviceability
constructability, and so on.

8. Aesthetics in Bridge DesignAesthetics in Bridge Design
• Somewhere down this list is
aesthetics.
• There should be no doubt in an
engineer’s mind that aesthetics
needs a priority boost, and that it
can be done without infringing
upon the other factors.

9. BRIDES-CASE STUDY
• The belief that improved appearance
increases the cost of bridges is
unfounded and oftentimes the most
aesthetically pleasing bridge is also the
least expensive.
• The additional cost is about 2% for
short spans and only about 5% for long
spans

10. BRIDES-CASE STUDY
It is not necessary that everyone
agrees as to what makes a bridge
beautiful, however it is important
that designers are aware of the
qualities of a bridge that influence
the perception of beauty.

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15. FunctionFunction

16. FunctionFunction

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19. ProportionProportion

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21. Order and RhythmOrder and Rhythm

22. Contrast and TextureContrast and Texture

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Designer must be aware of how the
shadows occur on the structure
throughout the day
If the bridge is running north and
south the shadows will be quite
different than if it is running east to
west.

27. BRIDES-CASE STUDY
For Example
When sunlight is parallel to the face of
a girder or wall, small imperfections in
workmanship can cast deep shadows.
Construction joints in concrete may
appear to be discontinuous and hidden
welded stiffeners may no longer be
hidden.

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• Harmony means getting along well with others.
The parts of the structure must be in agreement
with each other and the whole structure must be in
agreement with its surroundings.
Harmony between the elements of a bridge:
• It depends on the proportions between the span
lengths and depth of girders, height and size of
piers, and negative spaces and solid masses.

31. BRIDES-CASE STUDY
Harmony between the whole structure and its
surroundings
• The scale and size of a bridge structure
should be relative to its environment.
• For Example, a long bridge crossing a wide
valley can be large because the landscape is
large. But when a bridge is placed in an
urban setting, the size must be reduced.