bridge engineering

3.  Substructure:
• Piers and Abutments
• Wing walls and Returns
• Foundation
 Bearings
 Superstructure or Decking

8. Type of superstructures
• Slab (9m)

9. • Minimum depth for short
spans
• Ease of design and detail
• Aesthetic for small
stream crossings
• Not the most economical
solution
• Requires formwork
structure
• Limited span length

11. ADVANTAGES & DISADANTAGES
• Helpful for short spans.
• Long distances are
normally covered by
placing the beams on
piers
• Costly even for rather
short spans, since
expensive steel is required
as a construction material
• Sagging tendency is
increased when the
bridge span or load is
increased.

13. • Fairly simple
• Easy to install and
maintain
• Extremely rugged
• Small deflections
• low strength to weight
ratio
• Plate girders have limited
spans
• Limited visibility through
the structure

14. • Simply supported (30 to 375m)
• Cantilevered combination (550m)

15. • Economical To Build
• Very Strong
• Road Placement
• Built In Difficult Places
• Complicated Design
• Maintenance
• Waste of Materials
• Very Heavy

16. • Small Spans (3 To 15m)
• Steel Arch (519m)
• Concrete Arches (305m)

17. • Provide Higher Levels
Of Resistance
• Made From Virtually
Anything
• Stronger The More They
Work
• Spans Of The Bridge Are
Limited
• Require Extra
Maintenance
• Take A Long Time To
Build

19. • Span of Great Lengths
• Flexibility
• Simple Construction
• Soft Ground Issues
• Too Flexible
• Cannot Support High
Traffic

21. • Good for medium spans
• Greater stiffness
• Can be constructed by
cantilevering out from the
tower
• Cables won't break under
extreme temperature
• Typically more expensive
than other types of
bridge
• Wind is a big factor. It
can rock the bridge side
to side, causing the cables
to become lose

22.  Flexibility of superstructure
• Fixed span superstructure
• Movable span bridges

23. • Deck bridges
• Through bridges
• Semi through bridges

24. • Simply supported
• Continuous
• Cantilever

25. Method of clearance for navigation

26. • Temporary bridges
• Military (pontoon, bailey)
• Permanent bridges

27. • Causeway
• High-level
• Submersible

28. • Locating voids and delamination's in bridge pavements
and scour around bridge support columns.
• Determining location and types of reinforcing steel in concrete
 Ensuring quality control on new concrete installations

29. • Protective Coatings
• Barrier Coatings
• Metallizing

30. • Security fencing
• Bridge mounted
• Roof mounted