This document provides information on different types of bricks used in construction. It discusses standard brick sizes in India, various tests conducted on bricks, and types of bricks including fly ash bricks, modular and non-modular bricks. It also summarizes different brick bonds used in construction like English bond and Flemish bond. The document outlines procedures for brick stacking, laying, and pointing at construction sites.

1. Brick’s

2. Brick’s
Based on IS – 1077 : 1992 (Common burnt clay building bricks)
IS – 13757 : 1993 ( Burnt clay Fly ash building bricks)

3. PRESENTED BY
SOMENATH MANDAL
B–TECH Engineering (Civil), Diploma Engineer (Civil), B. Com.(Hons.) & L.B.S. (K.M.C.)

4. ATTENDENCES
SP – “STC” TRAINEES (Finishing)
BATCH – 13B

5. a) Modular Brick
Standard Sizes
b) Non-Modular Brick
Other sizes of Non-Modular Bricks

6. Shape and Size of Frog in Bricks
Modular Non-Modular

7. Tolerance
90 / 70 /

8. Materials wise types of bricks
a) Fly ash brick....
 Clay Fly ash brick
 Fly ash lime brick
 Mud Fly ash brick
b) Ordinary red clay brick….

9. mn

10. mn

11. Bricks

12. Brick Stacking Procedure at Site

13. Brick Laying Positions

16. The Co - Ordination Principle

17. Country Wise Size of Brick
INDIA 230 X 110 X 70 mm
190 X 90 X 90mm And

18. Measurement of Brick

19. Cut of a Brick’s

20. Test for Bricks
A brick is generally subjected to the following tests to find for the construction work,
(1) Absorption
(2) Crushing strength
(3) Hardness
(4) Presence of soluble salts
(5) Shape and size
(6) Soundness
(7) Structure

21. (1) Absorption:
A brick is taken and it is weighed dry. It is then immersed in water for a period of
16 hours. It is weighed again and the difference in weight indicates the amount of
water absorbed by the brick. It should not in exceed 20 % of weight of dry brick.
(2) Compressive/Crushing strength of Bricks:
The crushing strength of a brick is found out by placing it in a compression testing
machine. It is pressed till it breaks. As per BIS: 1077-1957, the minimum crushing
or compressive strength of bricks is 3.50 N/mm2. The bricks with crushing strength
of 7 to 14 N/mm2 are graded as A and those having above 14 N/mm2 are graded.
as AA.

22. (3) Hardness test on bricks:
In this test, a scratch is made on brick surface with the help of a finger nail.
If no impression is left on the surface, the brick is r sufficiently hard.
(4) Presence of soluble salts:
The soluble salts, if present in cause efflorescence on the surface of bricks. For
finding out the presence of soluble salts in a brick, it is immersed in water for 24
hours. It is then taken out and allowed to dry in shade. The absence of grey or
white deposits on indicates absence of soluble salts.
If the white deposits cover about 10 % surface, the efflorescence is said to be
slight and it is considered as moderate, when the white deposits cover about 50 %
of surface. If grey or white deposits are found on more than 50 % of surface, the
efflorescence becomes heavy and it is treated as serious, when such deposits are
converted into powdery mass.

23. (5) Shape and size:
In this test, a brick is closely inspected. It should be of standard size and its shape
should be truly rectangular with sharp edges. For this purpose, 20 bricks of
standard size (190 mm x 90 mm x 90 mm) are selected at random and they are
stacked lengthwise, along the width and along the height. For good quality bricks,
the results should be within the following permissible limits.
(6) Soundness test on brick:
In this test, the two bricks are taken and they are struck with each other. The bricks
should not break and a clear ringing sound should be produced.
(7) Structure of a brick:
A brick is broken and its structure is examined. It should be homogeneous,
compact and free from any defects such as holes, lumps, etc.

24. Some of the different types of bricks are,
(1) Bullnose brick:
A brick moulded with a rounded angle is termed as a bullnose. It is used for a
rounded quoin. A connection which is formed when a wall takes a turn is known
as a quoin. The centre of the curved portion is situated on the long centre-line of
brick.
Types of Bricks

25. (2) Channel bricks:
These types of bricks are moulded to the shape of a gutter or a channel and they
are very often glazed. These bricks are used to function as drains.
(3) Coping bricks:
These types of bricks are made to suit the thickness of walls on which coping is to
be provided. Such bricks take various forms such as chamfered, half-round or
saddle-back.
(4) Cownose bricks:
A brick moulded with a double bullnose on end is known as a cownose.
(5) Curved sector bricks:
These bricks are in the form of curved sector and they are used in the construction
of circular brick masonry pillars, brick chimneys, etc.

26. (6) Hollow bricks:
These are also known as the cellular or cavity bricks. Such bricks have wall thickness
of about 20 mm to 25 mm. They are prepared from special homogeneous clay. They
are light in weight about one-third the weight of the ordinary brick of the same size.
These bricks can be laid almost about four times as fast as the ordinary bricks and
thus the use of such bricks leads to speedy construction. They also reduce the
transmission of heat, sound and damp. They are used in the construction of brick
partitioning.
(7) Paving bricks:
These types of bricks are prepared from clay containing higher percentage of iron.
The excess iron vitrifies the bricks at a low temperature. Such bricks resist better the
abrasive action of traffic. The paving bricks may be plain or chequered. These bricks
are extensively used for garden walks, street pavements, stable floors, etc. These
bricks also render the brick floor less slippery.

27. (8) Perforated bricks:
These types of bricks contain cylindrical holes throughout their thickness. These
bricks are light in weight and perforated bricks of large size are used, it will result
in the increase of output of mason.
The perforated bricks are used in the construction of brick panels for light weight
structures and multi-storeyed framed structures. The water absorption after
immersion for 24 hours in water should not exceed 15 % by weight. The
compressive strength of perforated bricks should not be less than 7 N/mm2 on
gross area.

28. (9) purpose-made bricks:
In order to achieve certain purpose, these types of bricks are made. The splay
or cant bricks are made for jambs of doors and windows. The arch bricks are
made of wedge shape to keep mortar joint of uniform thickness.
The ornamental bricks are prepared for corbels, cornices, etc. The engineering
bricks having considerable strength, 50 to 80 N/mm2 and water absorption
about 4 to 6 %, can be prepared from specially selected earth for use in
constructions where high durability, compression strength.
These types of bricks are usually more costly than the ordinary bricks. But they
grant safe, clean and quick construction. Hence, their cost is justified by their
excellent performance in situations for which they are purposely prepared.

29. Types of Brick Bonds
Some of the different types of brick bonds are,
1. English Bond
2. Flemish Bond
3. Stretcher Bond / Running Bond
4. Header Bond
5. Garden wall Bond
(a) English garden wall bond
(b) Flemish garden wall bond

30. 6. Raking Bond
(a) Herring-bone bond
(b) Diagonal bond
7. Dutch Bond
8. English Cross-Bond
9. Zig-Zag Bond
10. Double English Cross Bond
11. American Bond
12. Scottish Bond

31. 13. Flemish Stretcher Bond
14. Stretching Bond Rake
15. Monk Bond
16. Rat trap Bond
17. Sussex Bond
18. Honey - comb Bond
19. Spanish Bond
20. Stack Bond
21. Single Basket Weave Bond
22. Double Basket Weave Bond

32. 1. English Bond:
 English bond, alternate courses consists of headers and stretchers.
 1st course starts with a header.
 A queen closer is placed after the first header in alternate courses to avoid vertical joint.
 Header must be placed centrally between two stretchers.
(1) A heading course should never start with a queen closer as it is liable to get displaced in
this position.
(2) In the stretcher course, the stretchers should have a minimum lap of 1/4th their length
over the headers.
(3) Some position at site a queen closer is placed before the last header in alternate courses.

33. 2. Flemish Bond
 Flemish bond, each course consists of alternate headers and stretchers.
 1st course starts with a header.
A queen closer is placed after the 1st header in alternate courses to avoid vertical joint.
 Some position at site a queen closer is placed before the last header in alternate courses.
 The alternate headers of each course are centered over the stretchers.

34. COMPARISION BETWEEN ENGLISH BOND AND FLEMISH BOND
ENGLISH BOND
 This bond is stronger than
flemish bond
FLEMISH BOND
 This bond is weaker than
english bond.

35. 3. Stretcher Bond:
In this arrangement of bonding, all the bricks are laid as stretchers. The overlap, which is
usually of half brick, is obtained by commencing each alternate course with a half brick bat.
Stretching bond is used for half brick wall only. This bond is also termed as running bond
and is commonly adopted in the construction of half brick thick leaves of cavity walls,
partition walls, etc. Since there are no headers, suitable reinforcement should be used for
structural bond.

36. 4. Heading Bond:
In this type of bonding all the bricks are laid as headers on the faces. The overlap, which is
usually-of half the width of the brick is obtained by introducing a three-quarter bat in each
alternate course at quoins. This bond permits better alignment and as such it is used for
walls curved on plan. This bond is chiefly used for footings in foundations for better
transverse distribution of load.

37. 5.Garden wall Bond:
Two types of garden wall bond……
(a) English garden wall bond (b) Flemish garden wall bond

38. (a) Herring-Bone Bond (b) Diagonal Bond.
6.Raking Bond:

39. 7.Dutch bond:
8.English cross-bond:
9. Zig-Zag Bond:

40. 10. Double English Cross Bond: 11. American Bond:

41. 12. Scottish Bond: 13. Flemish Stretcher Bond:

42. 14. Stretching Bond Rake: 15. Monk Bond:

43. 17. Sussex Bond:
16. Rat Trap Bond:
18. Honeycomb Bond:

44. 19. Spanish Bond: 20. Stack Bond:
21. Single Basket Weave Bond: 22. Double Basket Weave Bond:

45. 45° & 135° Angel Brick Works

46. Cavity Wall

47. Tooting

48. Raking Back

49. Proposed List Of Tools & Equipment
1. Mason Trowel. 12. Chisel.
2. Plumb Bob. 13. Club Hammer.
3.Thread (line dori) 14. Right Angel.
4. Spirit Level. 15. Spade with Handel.
5. Brick Hammer. 16. Measurement Box.
6. Water Level. 17. Coconut Broom
7. Straight Edge. 18. Shovel
8. Measuring Tape. 19. Curing Hoose
9. Pointing Trowel.
10. Iron Pan / PVC gamla
11. Bucket & Mug.

50. -- Cavity wall.
Uses

51. Cleaning And Preparation Of Surface
 Prior to laying of Bricks, it should be checked that
the base is chipped and cleared from any other foreign
material, dust or any deposits of contamination which could
affect the bond between the surface and Bricks.
 Surface should be wet before laying.

52. Different Types of Pointing

53. CHECKLIST FOR BLOCK MASONRY
Prior to brick masonry
During brick masonry
After brick masonry

55. Thank You
Thank You….