The document provides an overview of bricks and brick masonry, detailing their classification, manufacturing processes, and various types including first class, second class, and engineering bricks. It also explains the terminology related to brickwork, such as mortar joints, frog, and bonds, and outlines the functional requirements of masonry walls. Additionally, it describes different brick bonds used in construction, such as stretcher bond, header bond, English bond, and Flemish bond.

1. Brick & Brick Masonry
Presented By-
Farooq Khan
Date: 27/06/2024

2. A brick is a building material used to make
walls, pavements and other elements
in masonry construction.
Traditionally, the term brick referred to a unit
composed of clay, but it is now used to
denote any rectangular units laid in mortar.
Bricks are produced in numerous classes,
types, materials, and sizes which vary with
region and time, and are produced in bulk
quantities.
About
Brick

3. How are they
made?
 Bricks are made from wet clay which you press into a
mould and then bake the clay in a kiln until it is hard.

4. Terminolo
gy

5. Classificatio
n of Bricks

6. First Class
Bricks
 These are thoroughly burnt and or of deep
red, cherry color.
 These should be free from flaws ,cracks
and stones.
 The surface should be smooth and
rectangular ,with parallel ,sharp and
straight edges and square corners
 These should have uniform texture
 Water absorption should be 12-15% of
its dry weight when immersed in cold
water for 24 hours.
 Uses :
 These bricks are recommended for
pointing, exposed facework in masonry
structures.

7. Second
Class Bricks  These are supposed to have the same
requirements as the first-class bricks
 Small cracks and distortions are
permitted.
 A little higher water absorption of about
16-20% of its dry weight is allowed.
 The crushing strength should not be less
than 7.0 n/mm^2.
 Uses :
 These are recommended for all masonry
works.

8. Third Class
Bricks
 These are under burnt.
 They are soft and light colored
producing a dull sound.
 Water absorption is about 25% of dry
weight
 Uses:
 It is used for building temporary structures.

9. Fourth Class
Bricks
 These are over burnt and badly
distorted in shape and size and brittle in
nature.
 Uses:
 The ballast of such bricks is used
for foundation and road.

10.  Common brick: it is a general
multipurpose unit manufactured
economically without special reference
to appearance.
 Facing brick: these are made primarily
with a view to have good appearance and
texture
 Engineering bricks: these are strong,
impermeable and smooth.
 On the basis of Manufacturing:
 Handmade: these bricks are hand
molded. .
 Machine-made: depending upon
mechanical arrangement, bricks are
known as wire cut bricks.

11. Based on
Type Solid: Small holes not exceeding 25% of the
volume of the brick are permitted.
Perforated: Small holes may exceed 25% of
the total volume of the brick.
Hollow: The total of holes which need not be
small, may exceed 25% of the volume of the
brick.
Cellular: Holes closed at one end exceed 20%
of the volume.

12. Terms

13. Terms
The surfaces of a brick have names:
Top and bottom surfaces are beds.
Ends are headers.
Sides are stretchers or stretcher
faces.

14. About
Brick
Masonry
The art of laying bricks in
mortar in a proper systematic
manner gives homogeneous
mass which can withstand
forces without disintegration
is called brick masonry.

15. Brick size

16. The coordinating dimensions are a measure of the
physical space taken up by a brick together with the
mortar required on one bed , one header face and one
stretcher face.
The working dimensions are the sizes to which
manufacturers will try to make the bricks.

17. Frog
The depression provided in the face of a brick during
its manufacturing.
Depth of frog in a brick should be 10 to 20mm
Frog should be upward. Why?

18. Course
Each horizontal layer of bricks laid in mortar in any brick
work is called coarse.
Mortar Joints
Mortar placed horizontally below or on the top of a brick is
called a bed. Mortar placed vertically between bricks is
called a perpend.

19. Bats
The portions mad by cutting standard bricks across
their width are known as brick bats.
These are named according their fraction of full length
of a standard brick.

20. Closers
The portions made by cutting across their length in such
a manner that their one stretcher face remains uncut or
half cut.

21. Quoins
The external corners of walls are called quoins
The brick which form the external corner is known as
quoin brick.

22. Requirements
The usual functional requirements of a masonry wall
include:
i) Adequate strength to support imposed loads
ii) Sufficient water tightness
iii) Sufficient visual privacy and sound transmission
iv) Appropriate fire resistance
v) Ability to accommodate heating, air conditioning,
electrical, and plumbing equipment
vi) Ability to receive various finish materials
vii) Ability to provide openings such as doors and
window

23. Bonds
The arrangement of bricks in brick work so that the vertical
joints do not come over each other.
Bonds in brick work is provided to achieve a united mass
as soon as practicable to suit the length, height and
thickness of brick work and stresses to which it is
subjected.

24. Brick
Bonds
Common types used are:
i. Stretcher Bond
ii. Header Bond
iii. English Bond
iv. Flemish Bond

25. Stretcher
Bond
Only used for walls of half brick thickness (partition wall) ,
this is the only practical bond which can be used on a wall
of this thickness. To break the vertical continuity ½ brick
closer is provided in alternating courses

27. Header
Bond
Header Bond also known as Spanish bond was a very
common bond for bearing walls. It is composed of header
bricks, set in rows that are offset ¾ of a brick as a quoin
brick in alternating courses, which produces a solid easy to
lay bond.

29. English
Bond
The strongest bond
This bond maximizes the strength of wall
Pattern on the face of the wall shows distinctive courses
of headers & stretchers.

31. Flemish
Bond
 Not such strong as English bond
 Decorative pattern on face of the wall shows alternate
headers & stretchers in each with the headers centered
under and over stretchers in adjacent courses.