The document discusses the evolution, benefits, drawbacks, and future of brain chips, highlighting their potential to enhance human capabilities and address medical issues such as paralysis and impaired senses. It references historical developments in brain research, notably by José Delgado, and outlines applications in military and rescue operations. The conclusion emphasizes that while brain implants could significantly improve human function, they also present challenges related to identity and safety.

1. Brain ChipsBrain Chips
By
SATHISHKUMAR G
(sathishsak111@gmail.com)

2. Overview of brain chipsOverview of brain chips
 IntroductionIntroduction
 Evolution towards implantable brain chipsEvolution towards implantable brain chips
 AchievementsAchievements
 Benefits of brain chipsBenefits of brain chips
 Drawbacks of brain chipsDrawbacks of brain chips
 Future of brain chipsFuture of brain chips
 ConclusionConclusion

3. IntroductionIntroduction
 It is man that gave technology its presentIt is man that gave technology its present
form but today its entering a phase where itform but today its entering a phase where it
will out with man in intelligence as we aswill out with man in intelligence as we as
efficiency.efficiency.
 Man has now to find a way in which he canMan has now to find a way in which he can
keep in pace with technology, & one of thekeep in pace with technology, & one of the
recent developments in this regard is the brainrecent developments in this regard is the brain
chips implants.chips implants.

4.  Brain chips can enhance memory of humanBrain chips can enhance memory of human
beings, help paralyzed patients and arebeings, help paralyzed patients and are
intended for military purposes.intended for military purposes.
 Develop direct interface between brain andDevelop direct interface between brain and
computers.computers.
 Its likely that implantable computer chipsIts likely that implantable computer chips
acting as sensors may soon assist failingacting as sensors may soon assist failing
memory, but even provide fluency in a newmemory, but even provide fluency in a new
language…language…

5. Evolution towards brain chipsEvolution towards brain chips ……
 The study of the BrainThe study of the Brain
It is the most complicated area of research.It is the most complicated area of research.
When we enter a discussion on this topic, theWhen we enter a discussion on this topic, the
works of the physiologist JOSE DELGADO needworks of the physiologist JOSE DELGADO need
to be mentioned. Much of the work taking place atto be mentioned. Much of the work taking place at
the NIH, Stanford is built on the research done inthe NIH, Stanford is built on the research done in
1950’s by JOSE DELGADO. He implanted1950’s by JOSE DELGADO. He implanted
electrodes in animal brains and attached them to aelectrodes in animal brains and attached them to a
"stimoceiver" under the skull…"stimoceiver" under the skull…

6. Jose Delgado controlling a bull with stimoceiverJose Delgado controlling a bull with stimoceiver
 Jose Delgado’s experimentsJose Delgado’s experiments……

7. Studies in human subjects withStudies in human subjects with
implanted electrodes have demonstrated thatimplanted electrodes have demonstrated that
electrical stimulation of the depth of the brainelectrical stimulation of the depth of the brain
can induce pleasurable manifestations, ascan induce pleasurable manifestations, as
evidenced by the spontaneous verbal reports ofevidenced by the spontaneous verbal reports of
patients, their facial expression and generalpatients, their facial expression and general
behavior, and their desire to repeat thebehavior, and their desire to repeat the
experience.experience.

8. With such experiments, DELGADOWith such experiments, DELGADO
unfolded many of the mysteries of the BRAIN,unfolded many of the mysteries of the BRAIN,
which contributed to the developments in brainwhich contributed to the developments in brain
implant technology. For e.g.: he understoodimplant technology. For e.g.: he understood
how the sensation of suffering pain could behow the sensation of suffering pain could be
reduced by stimulating the frontal lobes of thereduced by stimulating the frontal lobes of the
brain.brain.

9.  Neural NetworkNeural Network
Neural networks are loosely modeledNeural networks are loosely modeled
on the networks of neurons.on the networks of neurons.
They can learn to perform complexThey can learn to perform complex
tasks. They are especially effective attasks. They are especially effective at
recognizing patterns, classifying data, andrecognizing patterns, classifying data, and
processing noisy signals…processing noisy signals…

10. The study of artificial neural networksThe study of artificial neural networks
has also added to the data required to createhas also added to the data required to create
brain chips. They crudely mimic thebrain chips. They crudely mimic the
fundamental properties of the brain.fundamental properties of the brain.
When eventually a network modelWhen eventually a network model
which resembles the brain in every aspect iswhich resembles the brain in every aspect is
created, it will be a major breakthrough in thecreated, it will be a major breakthrough in the
evolution towards implantable brain chips.evolution towards implantable brain chips.

11. Fromherz researches led to theFromherz researches led to the
growth of three or four neurons on a 180x180growth of three or four neurons on a 180x180
transistor arraytransistor array.. In few days live nerves…In few days live nerves…

12. Achievements In This FieldAchievements In This Field
Brain “pace makers”Brain “pace makers”
They are implantable neurons that would perform the functionThey are implantable neurons that would perform the function
of a part of brain that has been damaged by stroke orof a part of brain that has been damaged by stroke or
epilepsyepilepsy......

13. Retinomorphic chipRetinomorphic chip
 Retinomorphic chip is a silicon device similar to the humanRetinomorphic chip is a silicon device similar to the human
eye, picks out the kinds of features and facial patterns that weeye, picks out the kinds of features and facial patterns that we
use to recognize people and read their emotional state…use to recognize people and read their emotional state…

14.  A transmitter inside skull helps the user to pick up
signals from the brain and translate them into cursor
commands on the computer

15. Remote controlled RatRemote controlled Rat
 Movement signals are transmitted from computer toMovement signals are transmitted from computer to
the brain of rat through a radio receiver strapped to itsthe brain of rat through a radio receiver strapped to its
back.back.
 Military purposes and human rescue operations.Military purposes and human rescue operations.

16. Benefits of Brain ChipsBenefits of Brain Chips
 It will increase the dynamic ranging of senses.It will increase the dynamic ranging of senses.
 Giving light to blind and giving paralyzed patientsGiving light to blind and giving paralyzed patients
full mental control of limbs.full mental control of limbs.
 No genetic modifications in the next generation.No genetic modifications in the next generation.
 Rescue missions(remote controlled rat).Rescue missions(remote controlled rat).
 The advantage of implants is that they take theThe advantage of implants is that they take the
decision making power away from the addict. Chipsdecision making power away from the addict. Chips
take away one's free will. It enables a person to maketake away one's free will. It enables a person to make
a better choice not to take drugs at all.a better choice not to take drugs at all.

17. DrawbacksDrawbacks
 Cost.Cost.
 Safety(non toxic materials).Safety(non toxic materials).
 Losing Identity.Losing Identity.
 Normal range people seen as subnormal.Normal range people seen as subnormal.
 Risk for surgeonsRisk for surgeons..

18. Future of brain chipsFuture of brain chips
 It will enhance memory.It will enhance memory.
 It might enable “cyberthink”- invisibleIt might enable “cyberthink”- invisible
communication.communication.
 Enable consistent and constant access toEnable consistent and constant access to
information where and when neededinformation where and when needed..
 It will increase the dynamic range ofIt will increase the dynamic range of
senses, enabling, for example, seeing IR,senses, enabling, for example, seeing IR,
UV, and chemical spectra.UV, and chemical spectra.

19. ConclusionConclusion
 Brain implants enhance capability ofBrain implants enhance capability of
human organs and senses.human organs and senses.
 It has a significant role to play in futureIt has a significant role to play in future
genetic engineering fields andgenetic engineering fields and
neuroscience.neuroscience.
 The implants may enhance yourThe implants may enhance your
capabilities, but they will expire whencapabilities, but they will expire when
you do.you do.

20. THANK YOUTHANK YOU

21. Thank YouThank You