digital signal processor

1. Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor
OverviewOverview
By
SATHISHKUMAR G
(sathishsak111@gmail.com)

2. 2
Signal ProcessingSignal Processing
SpecializedSpecializedADC
2D
01101110001010110100010110111000101011010001
1011101001000101010011110111010010001010100111
0101010111000101010011101010101110001010100111
ADCADC
1D
Real-time?Real-time?

3. 3
Real-time tasks
Real-timeReal-time ProcessingProcessing
Example:Example: 100-tap FIR filter100-tap FIR filter èè
eseguito real-time se si è in grado dieseguito real-time se si è in grado di
completare l’operazione di filtraggiocompletare l’operazione di filtraggio
entro due istanti di capionamentoentro due istanti di capionamento
successivi:successivi:
( ) ( ) ( )∑=
−=
99
0k
knxkany
La definizione di Real-time Processing dipende dal
contesto applicativo
Processing Time Waiting
Time
Sample TimeSample Timenn n+1n+1
WTPT
ST
WTWT ≥≥ 00

4. 4
Analog Signal ProcessingAnalog Signal Processing
Specialized
Specialized
HWHW
1D
ASICASIC
2D

5. 5
Le tolleranzetolleranze associate a questi componenti
analogici, la temperaturatemperatura, le variazioni divariazioni di
voltaggiovoltaggio e le vibrazioni meccanichevibrazioni meccaniche
possono drammaticamente indurre effetti non
prevedibili sul circuito analogico.
Le tecniche di processing analogico si
avvalgono di componenti come:
ResistorsResistors,, CapacitorsCapacitors ee InductorsInductors.
Analog Signal ProcessingAnalog Signal Processing

6. 6
ADC
2D
01101110001010110100010110111000101011010001
1011101001000101010011110111010010001010100111
0101010111000101010011101010101110001010100111
Digital Signal ProcessingDigital Signal Processing
SpecializedSpecialized
CPUCPU
ADCADC
SpecializedSpecialized
HWHW
DSPDSP
FPGAFPGA
LW R1, a(R4R4)
LW R2, b(R4R4)
ADD R3,R1,R2
SW c(R4R4),R3
ASICASIC
1D

7. 7
FIR Filter with Linear PhaseFIR Filter with Linear Phase
Le attuali tecniche di processing digitale sono così
potenti che in particolari ambiti applicativi, è
quasi impossibile, per le tecniche di processing
analogiche ottenere performance comparabili.
Adaptive FiltersAdaptive Filters
Digital Signal ProcessingDigital Signal Processing
FIR FilterFIR Filter

8. 8
Digital Signal ProcessingDigital Signal Processing
Change applicationsChange applications
Correct applicationsCorrect applications
Update applicationsUpdate applications
Easy
Reduces
Noise susceptibilityNoise susceptibility
Development timeDevelopment time
Power consumptionPower consumption
Cost
ProgrammablProgrammabl
e Hardwaree Hardware
DSPDSP
FPGAFPGA
ProgrammabilitàProgrammabilità

9. 9
High frequency signalsHigh frequency signals cannot be processed
digitally because of two reasons:
Digital Signal ProcessingDigital Signal Processing
Limiti degli ADCLimiti degli ADC
Le applicazioni diventano troppoLe applicazioni diventano troppo
complesse per essere elaborate in Real-complesse per essere elaborate in Real-
timetime
Analog to Digital Converters (ADC )Analog to Digital Converters (ADC )
non lavorano ad alte frequenzenon lavorano ad alte frequenze
ADC

10. 10
Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor
DSP vs. GPPDSP vs. GPP
General Purpose ProcessorGeneral Purpose Processor
(GPP)(GPP)Large memoryLarge memory
Advanced operating systemsAdvanced operating systems
Processing of many “high” frequencyProcessing of many “high” frequency
signals in real-timesignals in real-time
Cost savingCost saving Smaller sizeSmaller size
Low power consumptionLow power consumption
Digital Signal Processor (DSP)Digital Signal Processor (DSP)

11. 11
Algorithm Equation
Finite Impulse Response Filter
Infinite Impulse Response Filter
Convolution
Discrete Fourier Transform
Discrete Cosine Transform
La Somma di Prodotti (SOPSOP) è la base
di molti algoritmi tipici per DSP:
Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor
Algoritmo SOPAlgoritmo SOP

12. 12
I processori DSP sono ottimizzati per operazioni
di somma e moltiplicazione.
Moltiplicazioni e addizioni sono eseguite con
hardware specializzati e completate in un
ciclo di clock.
HardwarHardwar
ee
MicrocodMicrocod
ee
10111011
x 1110x 1110
1001101010011010
10111011
x 1110x 1110
00000000
1011.1011.
1011..1011..
1011...1011...
1001101010011010
Cycle 1Cycle 1
Cycle 2Cycle 2
Cycle 3Cycle 3
Cycle 4Cycle 4
Cycle 5Cycle 5
Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor
Hardware vs. MicrocodeHardware vs. Microcode
Example:Example:
4-bit multiply4-bit multiply
(unsigned)(unsigned)

13. 13
Parameter
Arithmetic format
Extended floating point
Extended Arithmetic
Performance (peak)
Number of hardware multipliers
Number of registers
Internal L1 program memory cache
Internal L1 data memory cache
Internal L2 cache
32-bit
N/A
40-bit
1200MIPS
2 (16 x 16-bit) with
32-bit result
32
32K
32K
512K
32-bit
64-bit
40-bit
1200MFLOPS
2 (32 x 32-bit) with
32 or 64-bit result
32
32K
32K
512K
TMS320C6211
(@150MHz)
TMS320C6711
(@150MHz)
C6711 Datasheet:C6711 Datasheet: TMS320C6711.pdfTMS320C6711.pdf
C6211 Datasheet:C6211 Datasheet: TMS320C6211.pdfTMS320C6211.pdf
Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor
Parametri TecniciParametri Tecnici

14. 14
Parameter
I/O bandwidth: Serial Ports
(number/speed)
DMA channels
Multiprocessor support
Supply voltage
Power management
On-chip timers (number/width)
Cost
Package
External memory interface controller
JTAG
2 x 75Mbps
16
Not inherent
3.3V I/O, 1.8V Core
Yes
2 x 32-bit
US$ 21.54
256 Pin BGA
Yes
Yes
2 x 75Mbps
16
Not inherent
3.3V I/O, 1.8V Core
Yes
2 x 32-bit
US$ 21.54
256 Pin BGA
Yes
Yes
TMS320C6211
(@150MHz)
TMS320C6711
(@150MHz)
Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor
Parametri TecniciParametri Tecnici

15. 15
Can be slower than fixed-pointCan be slower than fixed-point
counterparts and larger in sizecounterparts and larger in size
Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor
Fixed vs. FloatingFixed vs. Floating
Floating
Point
Ease ofEase of
useuse
High precisionHigh precision
Wide dynamic rangeWide dynamic range
High signal-to-noise ratioHigh signal-to-noise ratio
Higher power consumptionHigher power consumption
Can be more expensiveCan be more expensive
It is the application that dictates which deviceIt is the application that dictates which device
and platform to use in order to achieveand platform to use in order to achieve
optimum performance at a low costoptimum performance at a low cost

16. 16
AdvantagesAdvantages
• High throughputHigh throughput
• Lower silicon areaLower silicon area
• Lower power consumptionLower power consumption
• Improved reliabilityImproved reliability
• Reduction in system noiseReduction in system noise
• Low overall system costLow overall system cost
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
• High investment costHigh investment cost
• Less flexibilityLess flexibility
• Long time from design toLong time from design to
marketmarket
Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor
GP-DSP vs. ASIC-DSPGP-DSP vs. ASIC-DSP
Application Specific Integrated CircuitsApplication Specific Integrated Circuits
(ASICs) are semiconductors designed for(ASICs) are semiconductors designed for
dedicated functionsdedicated functions

17. 17
VoIP
Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor
Texas Instruments’Texas Instruments’ TMS220 FamilyTMS220 Family
C2000
C5000
C6000
Lowest CostLowest Cost
Control SystemsControl Systems
- Motor Control- Motor Control
- Storage- Storage
- Digital Ctrl Systems- Digital Ctrl Systems
EfficiencyEfficiency
Best MIPS per Watt /Best MIPS per Watt /
Dollar / SizeDollar / Size
- Wireless phones- Wireless phones
- Internet audio- Internet audio
playersplayers
- Digital still cameras- Digital still cameras
- Modems- Modems
- Telephony- Telephony
- VoIP- VoIP
Performance &Performance &
Best Ease-of-UseBest Ease-of-Use
- Multi Channel and Multi- Multi Channel and Multi
Function App'sFunction App's
- Comm Infrastructure- Comm Infrastructure
- Wireless Base-stations- Wireless Base-stations
- DSL- DSL
- Imaging- Imaging
- Multi-media Servers- Multi-media Servers
- Video- Video

18. 18
TMS320TMS320CC64x:64x: The C64x fixed-point DSPs offer the industry's highest level of
performance to address the demands of the digital age. At clock rates of up to 1 GHz,
C64x DSPs can process information at rates up to 8000 MIPS with costs as low as
$19.95. In addition to a high clock rate, C64x DSPs can do more work each cycle with
built-in extensions. These extensions include new instructions to accelerate
performance in key application areas such as digital communications infrastructure
and video and image processing.
TMS320CTMS320C6262x:x: These first-generation fixed-point DSPs represent breakthrough
technology that enables new equipments and energizes existing implementations for
multi-channel, multi-function applications, such as wireless base stations, remote
access servers (RAS), digital subscriber loop (xDSL) systems, personalized home
security systems, advanced imaging/biometrics, industrial scanners, precision
instrumentation and multi-channel telephony systems.
TMS320CTMS320C6767x:x: For designers of high-precision applications, C67x floating-point
DSPs offer the speed, precision, power savings and dynamic range to meet a wide
variety of design needs. These dynamic DSPs are the ideal solution for demanding
applications like audio, medical imaging, instrumentation and automotive.
Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor
TMS220 - C6000TMS220 - C6000

19. THANK
YOU
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